The addicted human brain viewed in the light of imaging studies: Brain circuits and treatment strategies

Neuropharmacology

Volumn 47, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2004, Pages 3-13

  Volkow, Nora D ^a,b,c   Fowler, Joanna S ^c   Wang, Gene Jack ^c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM   (United States)

^c BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cingulate gyrus; Dopamine; Motivation; Nucleus accumbens (NAc); Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC); PET; Predisposition; Reward; Salience; Striatum

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; APOMORPHINE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BROMOCRIPTINE; BUPRENORPHINE; COCAINE; METHADONE; METHYLPHENIDATE; MONOAMINE OXIDASE B INHIBITOR; NEUROTRANSMITTER; RACLOPRIDE;

BRAIN; BRAIN REGION; CINGULATE GYRUS; CONDITIONING; DOPAMINE BRAIN LEVEL; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DRIVE; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; MEMORY; MOTIVATION; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; ORBITAL CORTEX; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; REWARD; SELF CONTROL;

EID: 4644358601     PISSN: 00283908     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.019     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Bailey D.J., Tetzlaff J.E., Cook J.M., He X., Helmstetter F.J. Effects of hippocampal injections of a novel ligand selective for the alpha beta 2 gamma 2 subunits of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor on Pavlovian conditioning. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 78:2002;1-10
2. Bell K., Duffy P., Kalivas P.W. Context-specific enhancement of glutamate transmission by cocaine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 23:2000;335-344
3. Biederman J. Pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) decreases the risk for substance abuse: findings from a longitudinal follow-up of youths with and without ADHD. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 64:(Suppl. 11):2003;3-8
4. Brauer L.H., Goudie A.J., De Wit H. Dopamine ligands and the stimulus effects of amphetamine: animal models versus human laboratory data. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 130:1997;2-13
5. Breiter H.C., Gollub R.L., Weisskoff R.M., Kennedy D.N., Makris N., Berke J.D., Goodman J.M., Kantor H.L., Gastfriend D.R., Riorden J.P., Mathew R.T., Rosen B.R., Hyman S.E. Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emotion. Neuron. 19:1997;591-611
6. Brodie J.D., Figueroa E., Dewey S.L. Treating cocaine addiction: from preclinical to clinical trial experience with gamma-vinyl GABA. Synapse. 50:2003;261-265
7. Chang L., Ernst T., Poland R.E., Jenden D.J. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the normal aging human brain. Life Sci. 58:1996;2049-2056
8. Chang L., Cloak C.C., Ernst T. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of GABA in neuropsychiatric disorders. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 64:(Suppl. 3):2003;7-14
9. Childress A.R., Mozley P.D., McElgin W., Fitzgerald J., Reivich M., O'Brien C.P. Limbic activation during cue-induced cocaine craving. Am. J. Psychiatry. 156:1999;11-18
10. Ciccocioppo, R., Martin-Fardon, R., Weiss, F., 2004. Stimuli associated with a single cocaine experience elicit long-lasting cocaine-seeking. Nat. Neurosci.
11. Cornish J.L., Kalivas P.W. Cocaine sensitization and craving: differing roles for dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens. J. Addict. Dis. 20:2001;43-54
12. Daumann J., Fimm B., Willmes K., Thron A., Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E. Cerebral activation in abstinent ecstasy (MDMA) users during a working memory task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 16:2003;479-487
13. Deutch A.Y., Bubser M., Young C.D. Psychostimulant-induced Fos protein expression in the thalamic paraventricular nucleus. J. Neurosci. 18:1998;10680-10687
14. De Vries T.J., Shaham Y., Homberg J.R., Crombag H., Schuurman K., Dieben J., Vanderschuren L.J., Schoffelmeer A.N. A cannabinoid mechanism in relapse to cocaine seeking. Nat. Med. 7:2001;1151-1154
15. De Wit H., Wise R.A. Blockade of cocaine reinforcement in rats with the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide, but not with the noradrenergic blockers phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. Can. J. Psychol. 31:1977;195-203
16. Dewey S.L., Morgan A.E., Ashby C.R. Jr., Horan B., Kushner S.A., Logan J., Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Gardner E.L., Brodie J.D. A novel strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Synapse. 30:1998;119-129
17. Di Chiara G. Nucleus accumbens shell and core dopamine: differential role in behavior and addiction. Behav. Brain Res. 137:2002;75-114
18. Di Chiara G., Imperato A. Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;5274-5278
19. Di Ciano P., Everitt B.J. The GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen attenuates cocaine- and heroin-seeking behavior by rats. Neuropsychopharmacology. 28:2003;510-518
20. Egilmez Y., Jung M.E., Lane J.D., Emmett-Oglesby M.W. Dopamine release during cocaine self-administration in rats: effect of SCH23390. Brain Res. 701:1995;142-150
21. Evans S.M., Walsh S.L., Levin F.R., Foltin R.W., Fischman M.W., Bigelow G.E. Effect of flupenthixol on subjective and cardiovascular responses to intravenous cocaine in humans. Drug Alcohol Depend. 64:2001;271-283
22. Fenu S., Di Chiara G. Facilitation of conditioned taste aversion learning by systemic amphetamine: role of nucleus accumbens shell dopamine D1 receptors. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18:2003;2025-2030
23. Franklin T.R., Druhan J.P. Involvement of the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex in the expression of conditioned hyperactivity to a cocaine-associated environment in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology. 23:2000;633-644
24. George T.P., Vessicchio J.C., Termine A., Jatlow P.I., Kosten T.R., O'Malley S.S. A preliminary placebo-controlled trial of selegiline hydrochloride for smoking cessation. Biol. Psychiatry. 53:2003;136-143
25. Glick S.D., Merski C., Steindorf S., Wang S., Keller R.W., Carlson J.N. Neurochemical predisposition to self-administer morphine in rats. Brain Res. 578:1992;215-220
26. Goldstein R.Z., Volkow N.D. Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex. Am. J. Psychiatry. 159:2002;1642-1652
27. Gonzalez G., Sevarino K., Sofuoglu M., Poling J., Oliveto A., Gonsai K., George T.P., Kosten T.R. Tiagabine increases cocaine-free urines in cocaine-dependent methadone-treated patients: results of a randomized pilot study. Addiction. 98:2003;1625-1632
28. Grabowski J., Roache J.D., Schmitz J.M., Rhoades H., Creson D., Korszun A. Replacement medication for cocaine dependence: methylphenidate. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 17:1997;485-488
29. Grabowski J., Rhoades H., Silverman P., Schmitz J.M., Stotts A., Creson D., Bailey R. Risperidone for the treatment of cocaine dependence: randomized, double-blind trial. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 20:2000;305-310
30. Grant S., London E.D., Newlin D.B., Villemagne V.L., Liu X., Contoreggi C., Phillips R.L., Kimes A.S., Margolin A. Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;12040-12045
31. Hariri A.R., Mattay V.S., Tessitore A., Kolachana B., Fera F., Goldman D., Egan M.F., Weinberger D.R. Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science. 297:2002;400-403
32. Herve D., Simon H., Blanc G., Lemoal M., Glowinski J., Tassin J.P. Opposite changes in dopamine utilization in the nucleus accumbens and the frontal cortex after electrolytic lesion of the median raphe in the rat. Brain Res. 216:1981;422-428
33. Hollerman J.R., Schultz W. Dopamine neurons report an error in the temporal prediction of reward during learning. Nat. Neurosci. 1:1998;304-309
34. Hotsenpiller G., Wolf M.E. Baclofen attenuates conditioned locomotion to cues associated with cocaine administration and stabilizes extracellular glutamate levels in rat nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience. 118:2003;123-134
35. Johnson B.A., Ait-Daoud N., Bowden C.L., DiClemente C.C., Roache J.D., Lawson K., Javors M.A., Ma J.Z. Oral topiramate for treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 361:2003;1677-1685
36. Julian M.D., Martin A.B., Cuellar B., Rodriguez d.F., Navarro M., Moratalla R., Garcia-Segura L.M. Neuroanatomical relationship between type cannabinoid receptors and dopaminergic systems in the rat basal ganglia. Neuroscience. 119:2003;309-318
37. Kaufman J.N., Ross T.J., Stein E.A., Garavan H. Cingulate hypoactivity in cocaine users during a GO-NOGO task as revealed by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience. 23:2003;7839-7843
38. Kessler, R.C., Nelson, C.B., McGonagle, K.A., Liu, J., Swartz, M., Blazer, D.G., 1996. Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder in the general population: results from the US National Comorbidity Survey. Br. J. Psychiatry 30 (Suppl), 17-30.
39. Kilts C.D., Schweitzer J.B., Quinn C.K., Gross R.E., Faber T.L., Muhammad F., Ely T.D., Hoffman J.M., Drexler K.P. Neural activity related to drug craving in cocaine addiction. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 58:2001;334-341
40. Kimberg D.Y., Aguirre G.K., Lease J., D'Esposito M. Cortical effects of bromocriptine, a D-2 dopamine receptor agonist, in human subjects, revealed by fMRI. Hum. Brain Mapp. 12:2001;246-257
41. Koob G.F. Hedonic valence, dopamine and motivation. Mol. Psychiatry. 1:1996;186-189
42. Koob G.F. Stress, corticotropin-releasing factor, and drug addiction. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 897:1999;27-45
43. Koob G.F., Bloom F.E. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of drug dependence. Science. 242:1988;715-723
44. Kosten T.R., George T.P., Kosten T.A. The potential of dopamine agonists in drug addiction. Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs. 11:2002;491-499
45. Kreek M.J., LaForge K.S., Butelman E. Pharmacotherapy of addictions. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 1:2002;710-726
46. Laakso A., Mohn A.R., Gainetdinov R.R., Caron M.G. Experimental genetic approaches to addiction. Neuron. 36:2002;213-228
47. Martin-Soelch C., Chevalley A.F., Kunig G., Missimer J., Magyar S., Mino A., Schultz W., Leenders K.L. Changes in reward-induced brain activation in opiate addicts. Eur. J. Neurosci. 14:2001;1360-1368
48. Mattay V.S., Goldberg T.E., Fera F., Hariri A.R., Tessitore A., Egan M.F., Kolachana B., Callicott J.H., Weinberger D.R. Catechol O-methyltransferase val158-met genotype and individual variation in the brain response to amphetamine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100:2003;6186-6191
49. Miranda M.I., LaLumiere R.T., Buen T.V., Bermudez-Rattoni F., McGaugh J.L. Blockade of noradrenergic receptors in the basolateral amygdala impairs taste memory. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18:2003;2605-2610
50. Mitchell S.H., Laurent C.L., De Wit H. Interaction of expectancy and the pharmacological effects of D-amphetamine: subjective effects and self-administration. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 125:1996;371-378
51. Morgan D., Grant K.A., Gage H.D., Mach R.H., Kaplan J.R., Prioleau O., Nader S.H., Buchheimer N., Ehrenkaufer R.L., Nader M.A. Social dominance in monkeys: dopamine D2 receptors and cocaine self-administration. Nat. Neurosci. 5:2002;169-174
52. Packard M.G., Cornell A.H., Alexander G.M. Rewarding affective properties of intra-nucleus accumbens injections of testosterone. Behav. Neurosci. 111:1997;219-224
53. Papanicolaou A.C., Simos P.G., Breier J.I., Fletcher J.M., Foorman B.R., Francis D., Castillo E.M., Davis R.N. Brain mechanisms for reading in children with and without dyslexia: a review of studies of normal development and plasticity. Dev. Neuropsychol. 24:2003;593-612
54. Papp M., Klimek V., Willner P. Parallel changes in dopamine D2 receptor binding in limbic forebrain associated with chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia and its reversal by imipramine. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 115:1994;441-446
55. Powell J. Conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli: is context crucial? Addiction. 90:1995;1089-1095
56. Regier D.A., Farmer M.E., Rae D.S., Locke B.Z., Keith S.J., Judd L.L., Goodwin F.K. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the epidemiologic catchment area (ECA) study. Jama. 264:1990;2511-2518
57. Robinson T.E., Berridge K.C. The neural basis of drug craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 18:1993;247-291
58. Robinson T.E., Gorny G., Mitton E., Kolb B. Cocaine self-administration alters the morphology of dendrites and dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens and neocortex. Synapse. 39:2001;257-266
59. Rolls E.T. The orbitofrontal cortex and reward. Cereb. Cortex. 10:2000;284-294
60. Ross B., Kreis R., Ernst T. Clinical tools for the 90s: magnetic resonance spectroscopy and metabolite imaging. Eur. J. Radiol. 14:1992;128-140
61. Royall D.R., Lauterbach E.C., Cummings J.L., Reeve A., Rummans T.A., Kaufer D.I., LaFrance W.C. Jr., Coffey C.E. Executive control function: a review of its promise and challenges for clinical research. A report from the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 14:2002;377-405
62. Schultz W., Tremblay L., Hollerman J.R. Reward processing in primate orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Cereb. Cortex. 10:2000;272-284
63. Shaham Y., Erb S., Leung S., Buczek Y., Stewart J. CP-154,526, a selective, non-peptide antagonist of the corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor attenuates stress-induced relapse to drug seeking in cocaine- and heroin-trained rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 137:1998;184-190
64. Shearer J., Wodak A., van B.I., Mattick R.P., Lewis J. Pilot randomized double blind placebo-controlled study of dexamphetamine for cocaine dependence. Addiction. 98:2003;1137-1141
65. Springer C.S. Principles of bulk magnetic susceptibility and the sign of the fMRI response. Moonen C.T., Bandettini P.A. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 1999;91-102 Springer Verlag, New York
66. Stein E.A. fMRI: a new tool for the in vivo localization of drug actions in the brain. J. Anal. Toxicol. 25:2001;419-424
67. Thanos P.K., Volkow N.D., Freimuth P., Umegaki H., Ikari H., Roth G., Ingram D.K., Hitzemann R. Overexpression of dopamine D2 receptors reduces alcohol self-administration. J. Neurochem. 78:2001;1094-1103
68. Tremblay L., Schultz W. Relative reward preference in primate orbitofrontal cortex. Nature. 398:1999;704-708
69. van Harten P.N., van Trier J.C., Horwitz E.H., Matroos G.E., Hoek H.W. Cocaine as a risk factor for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 59:1998;128-130
70. Volkow N. Drug dependence and addiction, III: expectation and brain function in drug abuse. Am. J. Psychiatry. 161:2004;621
71. Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S. Addiction a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb. Cortex. 10:2000;318-325
72. Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Wang G.J., Hitzemann R., Logan J., Schlyer D.J., Dewey S.L., Wolf A.P. Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers. Synapse. 14:1993;169-177
73. Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Gatley S.J., Logan J., Wang G.J., Ding Y.S., Dewey S. PET evaluation of the dopamine system of the human brain. J. Nucl. Med. 37:1996;1242-1256
74. Volkow N.D., Wang G.J., Fowler J.S., Logan J., Gatley S.J., Hitzemann R., Chen A.D., Dewey S.L., Pappas N. Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects. Nature. 386:1997;830-833
75. Volkow N.D., Wang G.J., Fowler J.S., Logan J., Gatley S.J., Gifford A., Hitzemann R., Ding Y.S., Pappas N. Prediction of reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans by brain dopamine D2 receptor levels. Am. J. Psychiatry. 156:1999a;1440-1443
76. Volkow N.D., Wang G.J., Fowler J.S., Logan J., Gatley S.J., Wong C., Hitzemann R., Pappas N.R. Reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in humans are associated with increases in brain dopamine and occupancy of D(2) receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 291:1999b;409-415
77. Volkow N.D., Chang L., Wang G.J., Fowler J.S., Ding Y.S., Sedler M., Logan J., Franceschi D., Gatley J., Hitzemann R., Gifford A., Wong C., Pappas N. Low level of brain dopamine D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex. Am. J. Psychiatry. 158:2001;2015-2021
78. Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Wang G.J., Goldstein R.Z. Role of dopamine, the frontal cortex and memory circuits in drug addiction: insight from imaging studies. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 78:2002a;610-624
79. Volkow N.D., Wang G.J., Fowler J.S., Thanos P.P., Logan J., Gatley S.J., Gifford A., Ding Y.S., Wong C., Pappas N., Thanos P. Brain DA D2 receptors predict reinforcing effects of stimulants in humans: replication study. Synapse. 46:2002b;79-82
80. Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Wang G.J. The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies. J. Clin. Invest. 111:2003a;1444-1451
81. Volkow N.D., Wang G.J., Ma Y., Fowler J.S., Zhu W., Maynard L., Telang F., Vaska P., Ding Y.S., Wong C., Swanson J.M. Expectation enhances the regional brain metabolic and the reinforcing effects of stimulants in cocaine abusers. J. Neurosci. 23:2003b;11461-11468
82. Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Wang G.J., Swanson J.M. Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications. Mol. Psychiatry. 9:(6):2004;557-569
83. Wallmichrath I., Szabo B. Cannabinoids inhibit striatonigral GABAergic neurotransmission in the mouse. Neuroscience. 113:2002;671-682
84. Wang G.J., Volkow N.D., Fowler J.S., Cervany P., Hitzemann R.J., Pappas N.R., Wong C.T., Felder C. Regional brain metabolic activation during craving elicited by recall of previous drug experiences. Life Sci. 64:1999;775-784
85. White N.M. Addictive drugs as reinforcers: multiple partial actions on memory systems. Addiction. 91:1996;921-949
86. Wilens T.E. Impact of ADHD and its treatment on substance abuse in adults. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 65:(Suppl. 3):2004;38-45
87. Zubieta J.K., Gorelick D.A., Stauffer R., Ravert H.T., Dannals R.F., Frost J.J. Increased mu opioid receptor binding detected by PET in cocaine-dependent men is associated with cocaine craving. Nat. Med. 2:1996;1225-1229