Is there an entity of chemically induced BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia?

Oncologist

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 645-654

  Lichtman, Marshall A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Benzene; Chemotherapy; Chromosomes; Myelogenous leukemia; Radiation; Secondary leukemia

Indexed keywords

1,2,4 BENZENETRIOL; 1,4 BENZOQUINONE; ALKYLATING AGENT; BCR ABL PROTEIN; BENZENE; DNA TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITOR; HYDROXYQUINONE; PHENOL; QUINONE DERIVATIVE; SEMIQUINONE;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; BREAST CANCER; BREAST SURGERY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RISK; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CHROMOSOME BAND; CHROMOSOME DAMAGE; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HEMATOPOIETIC CELL; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME; OVARY CARCINOMA; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; REVIEW; SKIN CANCER;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; HUMANS; LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE;

EID: 46149102250     PISSN: 10837159     EISSN: 1549490X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0057     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Preston DL, Kusumi S, Tomonaga M et al. (corrected to Matsuo T et al.). Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part III. Leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, 1950-1987. Radiat Res 1994;137(suppl 2):S68-S97.
2. Finch SC. Radiation-induced leukemia: Lessons from history. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2007;20:109-118.
3. Inskip PD, Kleinerman RA, Stovall M et al. Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma after pelvic radiotherapy for benign disease. Radiat Res 1993;135:108-124.
4. Boice JD Jr, Blettner M, Kleinerman RA et al. Radiation dose and leukemia risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987;79:1295-1311.
5. Finch SC. Myelodysplasia and radiation. Radiat Res 2004;161:603-606.
6. Larson RA, Le Beau MM. Therapy-related myeloid leukaemia: A model for leukemogenesis in humans. Chem Biol Interact 2005;153-154:187-195.
7. Felix CA, Kolaris CP, Osheroff N. Topoisomerase II and the etiology of chromosomal translocations. DNA Repair (Amst) 2006;5:1093-1108.
8. Holmberg B, Lundberg P. Benzene: Standards, occurrence, and exposure. Am J Ind Med 1985;7:375-383.
9. Rinsky RA, Smith AB, Hornung R et al. Benzene and leukemia. An epidemiologic risk assessment. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1044-1050.
10. Paxton MB, Chinchilli VM, Brett SM et al. Leukemia risk associated with benzene exposure in the pliofilm cohort. II. Risk Estimates. Risk Anal 1994;14:155-161.
11. Schnatter AR, Nicolich MJ, Bird MG. Determination of leukemogenic benzene exposure concentrations: Refined analysis of the pliofilm cohort. Risk Anal 1996;16:833-840.
12. Brownson RC, Novotny TE, Perry MC. Cigarette smoking and adult leukemia: A meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:469-475.
13. Lichtman MA. Cigarette smoking, cytogenetic abnormalities, and acute myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia 2007;21:1137-1140.
14. Hill AB. The environment and disease: Association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:295-300.
15. The Cancer Genome Anatomy Project. Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations in Cancer. Available at http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/Chromosomes/ Mitelman. Accessed March 25, 2008.
16. Moloney WC. Radiogenic leukemia revisited. Blood 1987;70:905-908.
17. Weiss HA, Darby SC, Fearn T et al. Leukemia mortality after x-ray treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. Radiat Res 1995;142:1-11.
18. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Leukemia Fact Sheet, 2007-2008. Available at http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=9346#_new_cases. Accessed March 25, 2008.
19. Yang C, Zhang X. Incidence survey of leukemia in China. Chin Med Sci J 1991;6:65-70.
20. Finch SC, Hoshino T, Itoga T et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Blood 1969;33:79-86.
21. Pan JW, Cook LS, Schwartz SM et al. Incidence of leukemia in Asian migrants to the United States and their descendants. Cancer Causes Control 2002;13:791-795.
22. Boivin J-F, Hutchison GB, Evans FB et al. Leukemia after radiotherapy for primary cancers of various anatomic sites. Am J Epidemiol 1986 123:993-1003.
23. Shilnikova NS, Preston DL, Ron E et al. Cancer mortality risk among workers at the Mayak nuclear complex. Radiat Res 2003;159:787-798.
24. Ito T, Seyama T, Mizuno T et al. Induction of BCR-ABL fusion genes by in vitro X-irradiation. Jpn J Cancer Res 1993;84:105-109.
25. Deininger MW, Bose S, Gora-Tybor J et al. Selective induction of leukemia-associated fusion genes by high-dose ionizing radiation. Cancer Res 1998;58:421-425.
26. Kozubek S, Lukasova E, Ryznar L et al. Distribution of ABL and BCR genes in cell nuclei of normal and irradiated lymphocytes. Blood 1997;89:4537-4545.
27. Kozubek S, Lukasova E, Mareckova A et al. The topological organization of chromosomes 9 and 22 in cell nuclei has a determinative role in the induction of t(9,22) translocations and in the pathogenesis of t(9,22) leukemias. Chromosoma 1999;108:426-435.
28. Ballarini F, Ottolenghi A. A model of chromosome aberration induction and chronic myeloid leukaemia incidence at low doses. Radiat Environ Biophys 2004;43:165-171.
29. Radivoyevitch T, Kozubek S, Sachs RK. Biologically based risk estimation for radiation-induced CML. Inferences from BCR and ABL geometric distributions. Radiat Environ Biophys 2001;40:1-9.
30. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Devices and Radiological Health. What Are the Radiation Risks From CT. Available at http://www.fda.gov/ cdrh/ct/risks.html. Accessed March 25, 2008.
31. Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography - an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2277-2284.
32. Hurwitz LM, Yoshizumi T, Reiman RE et al. Radiation dose to the fetus from body MDCT during early gestation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006;186:871-876.
33. Brenner DJ, Elliston CD, Hall EJ et al. Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001;176:289-296.
34. Larson RA. Etiology and management of therapy-related myeloid leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2007;2007:453-459.
35. Rund D, Ben-Yehuda D. Therapy-related leukemia and myelodysplasia: Evolving concepts of pathogenesis and treatment. Hematology 2004;9:179-187.
36. Smith MA, McCaffrey RP, Karp JE. The secondary leukemias: Challenges and research directions. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:407-418.
37. Smith SM, Le Beau MM, Huo D et al. Clinical-cytogenetic associations in 306 patients with therapy-related myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia: The University of Chicago series. Blood 2003;102:43-52.
38. Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Philip P, Larsen SO et al. Therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. Cytogenetic characteristics of 115 consecutive cases and risk in seven cohorts of patients treated intensively for malignant diseases in the Copenhagen series. Leukemia 1993;7:1975-1986.
39. Kantarjian HM, Keating MJ, Walters RS et al. Therapy-related leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: Clinical, cytogenetic, and prognostic features. J Clin Oncol 1986;4:1748-1757.
40. Barlogie B, Tricot G, Haessler J et al. Cytogenetically defined myelodysplasia after melphalan-based autotransplantation for multiple myeloma linked to poor hematopoietic stem-cell mobilization: The Arkansas experience in more than 3,000 patients treated since 1989. Blood 2008;111:94-100.
41. Pagana L, Pulsoni A, Tosti ME et al. Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto. Clinical and biological features of acute myeloid leukaemia occurring as second malignancy: GIMEMA archive of adult acute leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2001;112:109-117.
42. Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Philip P, Larsen SO et al. Chromosome aberrations and prognostic factors in therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1990;76:1083-1091.
43. Sandberg AA, Vuopio P. Fourth International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia 1982: Secondary leukemias associated with neoplasia: Treated and untreated. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1984;11:319-321.
44. Shali W, Hélias C, Fohrer C et al. Cytogenetic studies of a series of 43 consecutive secondary myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias: Conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and multiplex FISH. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2006;168:133-145.
45. Lillington DM, Micallef IN, Carpenter E et al. Detection of chromosome abnormalities pre-high-dose treatment in patients developing therapy-related myelodysplasia and secondary acute myelogenous leukemia after treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2472-2481.
46. Rubin CM, Arthur DC, Woods WG et al. Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in children: Correlation between chromosomal abnormalities and prior therapy. Blood 1991;78:2982-2988.
47. Carli PM, Sgro C, Parchin-Geneste N et al. Increase therapy-related leukemia secondary to breast cancer. Leukemia 2000;14:1014-1017.
48. Howard RA, Gilbert ES, Chen BE et al. Leukemia following breast cancer: An international population-based study of 376,825 women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007;105:359-368.
49. Campone M, Roché H, Kerbrat P et al. Secondary leukemia after epirubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer patients: 16 years experience of the French Adjuvant Study Group. Ann Oncol 2005;16:1343-1351.
50. Kaplan HG, Malmgren JA, Atwood M. Leukemia incidence following primary breast carcinoma treatment. Cancer 2004;101:1529-1536.
51. Bernard-Marty C, Mano M, Paesmans M et al. Second malignancies following adjuvant chemotherapy: 6-year results from a Belgian randomized study comparing cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) with an anthracycline-based regimen in adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2003;14:693-698.
52. Linassier C, Barin C, Calais G et al. Early secondary acute myelogenous leukemia in breast cancer patients after treatment with mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil and radiation therapy. Ann Oncol 2000;11:1289-1294.
53. Diamandidou E, Buzdar AU, Smith TL et al. Treatment-related leukemia in breast cancer patients treated with fluorouracil-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide combination adjuvant chemotherapy: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:2722-2730.
54. Travis LB, Holowaty EJ, Bergfeldt K et al. Risk of leukemia after platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1999;340:351-357.
55. Travis LB, Curtis RE, Boice JD Jr et al. Second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 1996;56:1564-1570.
56. Heyn R, Khan F, Ensign LG et al. Acute myeloid leukemia in patients treated for rhabdomyosarcoma with cyclophosphamide and low-dose etoposide on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study III: An interim report. Med Pediatr Oncol 1994;23:99-106.
57. Heyn R, Haeberlen V, Newton WA et al. Second malignant neoplasms in children treated for rhabdomyosarcoma. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:262-270.
58. Hawkins MM, Wilson LM, Stovall MA et al. Epipodophyllotoxins, alkylating agents, and radiation and risk of secondary leukaemia after childhood cancer. BMJ 1992;304:951-958.
59. Pui CH, Ribeiro RC, Hancock ML et al. Acute myeloid leukemia in children treated with epipodophyllotoxins for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1682-1687.
60. Valagussa P, Santoro A, Fossati-Bellani F et al. Second acute leukemia and other malignancies following treatment for Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol 1986;4:830-837.
61. Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Ersbøll J, Sørensen HM et al. Risk of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and preleukemia in patients treated with cyclophosphamide for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Comparison with results obtained in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease and ovarian carcinoma with other alkylating agents. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:195-200.
62. Papa G, Mauro FR, Anselmo AP et al. Acute leukaemia in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. Br J Haematol 1984;58:43-52.
63. Chak LY, Sikic BI, Tucker MA et al. Increased incidence of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia following therapy in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Oncol 1984;2:385-390.
64. Tester WJ, Kinsella TJ, Waller B et al. Second malignant neoplasms complicating Hodgkin's disease: The National Cancer Institute experience. J Clin Oncol 1984;2:762-769.
65. Greene MH, Boice JD Jr, Greer BE et al. Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia after therapy with alkylating agents for ovarian cancer: A study of five randomized clinical trials. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1416-1421.
66. Reimer RR, Hoover R, Fraumeni JF Jr et al. Acute leukemia after alkylating-agent therapy of ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1977;297:177-181.
67. Coleman CN, Williams CJ, Flint A et al. Hematologic neoplasia in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med 1977;297:1249-1252.
68. Praga C, Bergh J, Bliss J et al. Risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in trials of adjuvant epirubicin for early breast cancer: Correlation with doses of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4179-4191.
69. Smith RE, Bryant J, DeCillis A et al. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Experience. Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer: The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Experience. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1195-1204.
70. Kröger N, Damon L, Zander AR et al. Solid Tumor Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation; German Adjuvant Breast Cancer Study Group; University of California, San Francisco. Secondary acute leukemia following mitoxantrone-based high-dose chemotherapy for primary breast cancer patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003;32:1153-1157.
71. Kollmannsberger C, Beyer J, Droz JP et al. Secondary leukemia following high cumulative doses of etoposide in patients treated for advanced germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3386-3391.
72. Cremin P, Flattery M, McCann SR et al. Myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia following adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer using mitoxantrone and methotrexate with or without mitomycin. Ann Oncol 1996;7:745-746.
73. Roman-Unfer S, Bitran JD, Hanauer S et al. Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia following intensive chemotherapy for breast cancer. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;16:163-168.
74. Bennett JM, Troxel AB, Gelman R et al. Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia secondary to mitolactol treatment in patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:874-875.
75. Winick NJ, McKenna RW, Shuster JJ et al. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with etoposide. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:209-217.
76. Ratain MJ, Kaminer LS, Bitran JD et al. Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following etoposide and cisplatin combination chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Blood 1987;70:1412-1417.
77. Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Osterlind K, Hansen M et al. Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, preleukemia, and solid tumors following intensive chemotherapy of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Blood 1985;66:1393-1397.
78. Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Karle H et al. Chemotherapy-related - late occurring - Philadelphia chromosome in AML, ALL and CML Similar events related to treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors? Leukemia 1997;11:1571-1574.
79. Aguiar RC. Therapy-related chronic myeloid leukemia: An epidemiological, clinical and pathogenetic appraisal. Leuk Lymphoma 1998;29:17-26 Erratum in: Leuk Lymphoma 1998;30:665.
80. Waller CF, Fetscher S, Lange W. Treatment-related chronic myelogenous leukemia. Ann Hematol 1999;78:341-354.
81. Specchia G, Buquicchio C, Albano F et al. Non-treatment-related chronic myeloid leukemia as a second malignancy. Leuk Res 2004;28:115-119.
82. Mamuris Z, Prieur M, Dutrillaux B et al. The chemotherapeutic drug melphalan induces breakage of chromosomes regions rearranged in secondary leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1989;37:65-77.
83. Mamuris Z, Prieur M, Dutrillaux B et al. Specificity of melphalan-induced rearrangements and their transmission through cell divisions. Mutagenesis 1989;4:133-139.
84. Beranek DT. Distribution of methyl and ethyl adducts following alkylation with monofunctional alkylating agents. Mutat Res 1990;231:11-30.
85. Escobar PA, Smith MT, Vasishta A et al. Leukaemia-specific chromosome damage detected by comet with fluorescence in situ hybridization (comet-FISH). Mutagenesis 2007;22:321-327.
86. Libura J, Slater DJ, Felix CA et al. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia-like MLL rearrangements are induced by etoposide in primary human CD34+ cells and remain stable after clonal expansion. Blood 2005;105:2124-2131.
87. Schnatter AR, Rosamilia, K, Wojcik NC. Review of the literature on benzene exposure and leukemia subtypes. Chem Biol Interact 2005;153-154:9-21.
88. Jenkins GJ, Doak SH, Johnson GE et al. Do dose response thresholds exist for genotoxic alkylating agents? Mutagenesis 2005;20:389-398.
89. Kim S, Lan Q, Waidyanatha S et al. Genetic polymorphisms and benzene metabolism in humans exposed to a wide range of air concentrations. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007;17:789-801.
90. Guillem VM, Collado M, Terol MJ et al. Role of MTHFR (677, 1298) haplotype in the risk of developing secondary leukemia after treatment of breast cancer and hematological malignancies. Leukemia 2007;21:1413-1422.
91. Perentesis JP. Genetic predisposition and treatment-related leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;36:541-548.
92. Lamm SH, Walters AS, Wilson R et al. Consistencies and inconsistencies underlying the quantitative assessment of leukemia risk from benzene exposure. Environ Health Perspect 1989;82:289-297.
93. Wong O, Raabe GK. Cell-type-specific leukemia analyses in a combined cohort of more than 208,000 petroleum workers in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1937-1989. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1995;21:307-321.
94. Yin SN, Hayes RB, Linet MS et al. An expanded cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group. Environ Health Perspect 1996;104(suppl 6):1339-1341.
95. Rushton L, Romaniuk H. A case-control study to investigate the risk of leukaemia associated with exposure to benzene in petroleum marketing and distribution workers in the United Kingdom. Occup Environ Med 1997;54:152-166.
96. Pyatt D. Benzene and hematopoietic malignancies. Clin Occup Environ Med 2004;4:529-555, vii.
97. Natelson EA. Benzene-induced acute myeloid leukemia: A clinician's perspective. Am J Hematol 2007;82:826-830.
98. Sorahan T, Kinlen LJ, Doll R. Cancer risks in a historical UK cohort of benzene exposed workers. Occup Environ Med 2005;62:231-236.
99. Smith MT. The mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia: A hypothesis and speculations on the cause of leukemia. Environ Health Perspect 2007;104(suppl 6):1219-1225.
100. Whysner J, Reddy MV, Ross PM et al. Genotoxicity of benzene and its metabolites. Mutat Res 2004;566:99-130.
101. Lindsey RH Jr, Bender RP, Osheroff N. Effects of benzene metabolites on DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase II alpha: 1,4-hydroquinone is a topoisomerase II poison. Chem Res Toxicol 2005;18:761-770.
102. Zhang L, Wang Y, Shang N et al. Benzene metabolites induce the loss and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in human lymphocytes. Leukemia Res 1998;22:105-113.
103. Stillman WS, Varella-Garcia M, Irons RD. The benzene metabolite, hydroquinone, selectively induces 5q31- and -7 in human CD34+CD19-bone marrow cells. Exp Hematol 2000;28:169-176.
104. Smith MT, Zhang L, Jeng M et al. Hydroquinone, a benzene metabolite, increases the level of aneusomy of chromosomes 7 and 8 in human CD34-positive blood progenitor cells. Carcinogenesis 2000;21:1485-1490.
105. Zhang L, Yang W, Hubbard AE et al. Nonrandom aneuploidy of chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 21 induced by the benzene metabolites hydroquinone and benzenetriol. Environ Mol Mutagen 2005;45:388-396.
106. Zhang L, Lan Q, Guo W et al. Use of OctoChrome fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect specific aneuploidy among all 24 chromosomes in benzene-exposed workers. Chem Biol Interact 2005;153-154:117-122.
107. Gun RT, Pratt N, Ryan P et al. Update of mortality and cancer incidence in the Australian petroleum industry cohort. Occup Environ Med 2006;63:476-481.
108. Lewis RJ, Schnatter AR, Drummond I et al. Mortality and cancer morbidity in a cohort of Canadian petroleum workers. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:918-928.
109. Bloemen LJ, Youk A, Bradley TD et al. Lymphohaematopoietic cancer risk among chemical workers exposed to benzene. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:270-274.
110. Whelan EM. Science on Trial. TCS Daily October 31, 2003. Available at http://tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=103103B. Accessed June 4, 2008.
111. Zebisch A, Staber PB, Delavar A et al. Two transforming C-RAF germline mutations identified in patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2006;66:3401-3408.
112. Segel GB, Lichtman MA. Familial (inherited) leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma: An overview. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2004;32:246-261.
113. Hemminki K, Jiang Y. Familial myeloid leukemias from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Leuk Res 2002;26:611-613.