Postharvest hygiene management in the litchi export chain

Stewart Postharvest Review

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2008, Pages

  De Reuck, Karen ^a   Zeeman, Karin ^a   Korsten, Lise ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Contamination sources; Hygiene control; Postharvest decay; Sanitation

Indexed keywords

LITCHI CHINENSIS;

EID: 45849109136     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17459656     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2212/spr.2008.3.1     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Harker FR, Gunson FA and Jaeger SR. The case for fruit quality - an interpretative review of consumer attitudes, and preferences for apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2003: 3: 333-347.
2. Shewfelt RL. What is quality? Postharvest Biology and Technology 1999: 15: 197-200.
3. Korsten L. Advances in control of postharvest diseases in tropical fresh produce. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation 2006: 1 (1): 48-61.
4. 2 fumigation and storage of litchi fruit.
5. Holcroft DM and Mitcham EJ. Postharvest physiology and handling of litchi (Litchi chinesis Sonn). Postharvest Biology and Technology 1996: 9: 265-281.
6. Tongdee SC. Post-harvest technology of fresh lychee: commercial perspectives from Thailand. South African Litchi Growers' Association. Yearbook 1998: 9: 37-43.
7. Jiang YM, Zhu XR and Li YB. Postharvest control of litchi fruit rot by Bacillus subtilis. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und Technologie 2001: 34: 430-436.
8. Beuchat LR. Pathogenic micro-organisms associated with fresh produce. Journal of Food Protection 1995: 59 (2): 204-216.
9. Sobiczewski P, Bryk H and Berenynski S. Evaluation of epiphytic bacteria isolated from apple leaves in the control of postharvest apple diseases. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 1996: 4: 35-45.
10. Teixidó N, Usall J, Magan N and Viňas I. Microbial population dynamics on Golden Delicious apples from bud to harvest and effect of fungicide applications. Annual Applied Biology 1999: 134: 109-116.
11. De Roever C. Microbiological safety evaluations and recommendations on fresh produce. Food Control 1999: 10: 117-143. * This article discusses the various microbiological safety evaluations and preventative methods that need to be enforced.
12. Beuchat LR. Ecological factors influencing survival and growth of human pathogens on raw fruits and vegetables. Microbes and Infection 2002: 4: 413-423.
13. Janisiewicz WJ, Conway WS, Brown MW, Sapers GM, Fratamico P and Buchanan RL. Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut apple tissue and its potential for transmission by fruit flies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1999: 65: 1-5.
14. Atlas RM and Bartha R. Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications (4th Edition), Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing, California; 1998: 116-119 pp.
15. Sivakumar D and Korsten L. Preliminary observation of preharvest micro-cracking development in the pericarp of litchi cv. Mauritius. South African Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 2005: 17: 34-36.
16. De Jager ES, Wehner FC and Korsten L. Fungal postharvest pathogens of litchi fruit in South Africa. South African Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 2003: 15: 24-32.
17. De Jager ES and Korsten L. Effect of fungicides and disinfectants in the prevention litchi pericarp browning and control of postharvest diseases. South African Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 2003: 15: 16-21.
18. Swarts DH and Anderson T. Chemical control of mould growth on Litchis during storage and sea shipment. South African Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 1988: 1: 24-25.
19. Coates L, Zhou E and Sittigul C. Diseases. In: Litchi and longan: botany, production and uses. Menzel CM and White GK (Eds). CABI Publishing, Nambour, Queensland, Australia; 2005: chapter 14: 273-295 pp. ** This article discusses associated soil-borne, foliar, floral, stem fruit, preharvest, as well as postharvest diseases associated with litchis.
20. Morey PR, Hull MC and Andrew M. El Nino water leaks identify rooms with concealed mould growth and degraded indoor air quality. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 2003: 52: 197-202.
21. Anderson HW. Diseases of fruit crops. McGraw Hill Publications, New York; 1956: 82-85 pp.
22. Johnston CL, Jacobs R and Korsten L. Identification of Penicillium species in the litchi export chain. South African Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 2006: 18: 51-57.
23. Fitzell RD and Coates LM. Diseases of lychee. In: Postharvest diseases of horticultural produce: Tropical fruit. Coates LM, Cook AW and Persley DM (Eds). Brisbane, Queensland, Department of Primary Industries 1995: 41-42 pp.
24. Jacobs R and Korsten L. Preliminary identification of Penicillium species isolated throughout the litchi export chain from South Africa to distribution centres in the Netherlands and United Kingdom. South African Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 2004: 16: 34-39.
25. Tournas VH and Karsoudas E. Mould and Yeast flora in fresh berries, grapes and citrus fruits. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2005: 105: 11-17.
26. McMillian RT. Disease of Litchi chinesis in south Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 1994: 107: 360-362.
27. Johnson GI. Postharvest disease assessment: rating systems. In: Proceedings of the Australasian Postharvest Conference 1989, Beattie BB (ed). Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, Occasional Publication; 1990: 46: 107-117.
28. De Jager ES, Opperman M and Korsten L. Quality standards in litchi packinghouses: packinghouse sanitation. South Africa Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 2000: 11: 26-29.
29. Gaylor GE, MacCready RA, Reardon JP and McKeran BF. An outbreak of salmonellosis traced to watermelon. Public Health Report 1995: 70: 311-313.
30. O'Brien S. Shigella flexneri outbreak in Southwest England. Eurosurveillance Weekly 1998: 34: 2-3.
31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cholera associated with imported frozen coconut milk - Maryland, 1991. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1991: 40: 844-845.
32. Niu MT, Polish LB, Robertson BH, Khanna BK, Woodruff BA, Shapiro CN, Miller MA, Smith JD, Gedrose JK, Alter MJ and Margolis HS. Multistate outbreak of hepatitis A associated with frozen strawberries. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1992: 166: 518-524.
33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis A associated with consumption of frozen strawberries - Michigan, March, 1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1997: 46: 295-288.
34. Ponka LM, Von Bonsdorff GH and Lyytikainen O. Outbreak of calicivirus gastroenteritis associated with eating frozen raspberries. Euroserveillance Weekly 1999: 4: 66-69.
35. Herwaldt BL and Ackers ML. An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries. New England Journal of Medicine 1997: 336: 1548-1556.
36. Penteado AL, Eblen BS and Miller AJ. Evidence of Salmonella internalization into fresh mangoes during simulated post harvest insect disinfection procedure. Journal of Food Protection 2004: 67: 181-184.
37. Suslow TV, Orla MP, Beuchat LR, Garrett EH, Parish ME, Harris LJ, Farber JN and Busta FF. Production practices as risk factors in microbial food safety of fresh and fresh cut produce. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety: Chapter 2: 1-40.
38. Natvig EE, Ingham SC, Ingham BH, Cooperband LR and Roper TR. Salmonella enteric Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli contamination of root and leaf vegetables grown in soils with incorporated bovine manure. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2002: 68: 2737-2744.
39. Gerba CP and Smith JE. Sources of pathogenic microorganisms and their fate during land application of wastes. Journal of Environmental Quality 2005: 34: 42-48.
40. Islam M, Morgan J, Doyle MP, Phatak SC, Milner P and Jiang X. Fate of Salmonella enteric Serovar Typhimurium on carrots and radish grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2004: 70: 2497-2502.
41. Koopmans M and Duizer E. Foodborne viruses: an emerging problem. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2004: 90: 23-41.
42. Da Cruz AG, Cenci SA and Maia MCA. Quality assurance requirements in produce processing. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2006: 17: 406-411.
43. Beuchat LR and Ryu J-H. Produce handling and processing practices. Emerging Infectious Diseases 1997: Special Issue 4: 459-465.
44. Wells JM and Butterfield JE. Incidence of Salmonella on fresh fruits and vegetables affected by fungal rot or physical injury. Plant Disease 1999: 83: 722-726.
45. Lizada C. Fruit handling systems in developing countries. Postharvest Handling of Tropical Fruits, ACIAR Publication; 1993: Vol 50.
46. Thompson JF, Mitchell FG, Rumsey TR and Kasmire RF. Cooling horticultural commodities. In: Postharvest technology of horticultural crops. Kader AA (Ed). Regents of the University of California, CA; 2002: 109-116 pp.
47. Jiang YM, Wang Y, Song L, Liu H, Lichter A, Kerdchoechuen O, Joyce DC and Shi J. Postharvest characteristics and handling of litchi fruit - an overview. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 2006: 46: 1541-1556.
48. King GA, Henderson KG and Lill RE. Shelf-life of stored asparagus is strongly related to post-harvest accumulated heat units. Annals of Applied Biology 1988: 112: 329-336.
49. McNicol RJ, Williamson B and Dolan A. Effects of inoculation wounding and temperature on post-harvest gray mold Botrytis cinerea of red raspberries. Journal of Horticulture Science 1990: 65: 147-166.
50. Sivakumar D and Korsten L. Occurrence of micro-cracking in the pericarp structure during fruit development of litchi cv. Mauritius. South Africa Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 2005: 17: 34-40.
51. Ilangantileke SG, Noomhorn A, Upadhyay IP and Srinivas Rao M. Effect of irradiation and storage temperature on the shelf life and quality of Thai lychee. In: Postharvest handling of tropical fruits, Champ BR, Highley E and Johnson GI (Eds) . ACIAR Conference Proceedings, Chang Mai, Thailand; 1993: 50: 352-354.
52. Jiang YM, Li J and Jiang W. Effects of chitosan coating on shelf life of cold-stored litchi fruit at ambient temperature. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und Technologie 2005: 38: 757-761.
53. Sivakumar D, Zeeman K and Korsten L. Effect of biocontrol agent (Bacillus subtilis) and modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest decay control and quality retention of litchi during storage. Phytoparasitica 2007: 35 (5): 507-518.
54. Sivakumar D, Regnier T, Demoz D and Korsten L. Effect of different postharvest treatments on quality retention in litchi fruit during low temperature storage. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2005: 80: 32-38.
55. Sivakumar D and Korsten L. Evaluation of the integrated application of two types of modified atmosphere packaging and hot water treatments on quality retention in the litchi cultivar McLean's Red. Journal of Horticulture Science Biotechnology 2006: 81: 639-644.
56. Sivakumar D and Korsten L. Influence of modified atmosphere packaging and postharvest treatments on quality retention of litchi cv. Mauritius. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2006: 41: 135-142.
57. 2 concentrations on physiology and quality of litchi fruit in storage. Food chemistry 2005: 91: 659-663.
58. Adams MR and Moss MO. Food microbiology, 2nd Edition. Royal Society of Chemistry. Cambridge, United Kingdom; 2000: 41-42 pp.
59. Kluytmans J, Van Belkum A and Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1997: 3: 505-520.
60. Lonsdale JH and Kremer-Köhne S. Maintaining market quality of fresh litchis during storage. Part 2: Control of postharvest decay. South Africa Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 1991: 10: 18-20.
61. 2 residues in litchi fruit after post-harvest SO2 treatments. South African Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 1993: 5: 15-16.
62. FAO. Section 2: Principles for the establishment and application of microbiological criteria for foods. http://www.fao.org/docrep/ (Accessed 06/05/2008).
63. FAO. Section 3: The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) System. CAC/GL 21 - 1997. http://www.fao.org/docrep/W6419E/w6419e00.HTM (Accessed 06/05/2008).
64. Brackett RE. Incidence, contributing factors, and control of bacterial pathogens in produce. Postharvest Biology and Technology 1999: 15: 305-311.
65. UMFDA. Prerequisite programs for Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs). In: JIFSAN Good Agricultural Practices Program; University of Maryland; 2007.
66. 2- residues on commercially fumigated HLH Mauritius and McLean's Red litchi fruit. South African Litchi Growers' Association Yearbook 2000: 11: 42-46.
67. 2 fumigation for colour retention of litchi fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2000: 18: 235-244.
68. Jiang YM and Fu JR. Postharvest browning litchi fruit by water loss and its prevention by controlled atmosphere storage at high relative humidity. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und Technologie 1999: 32: 278-283.
69. Kader AA. Modified and controlled atmosphere storage of tropical fruits. In: Postharvest handling of tropical fruits, Johnson GI and Highley E (Eds). ACIAR, Canberra, Australia, 1994: 239-249 pp.
70. Drake SR, Elving DC, Drake SL and Visser DB. Quality of modified atmosphere packaged "Bartlett" pears as influenced by time and type of storage. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 2004: 28: 348-358.