메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1135, Issue , 2008, Pages 265-279

Adolescent obesity and puberty: The "perfect storm"

Author keywords

Adolescent obesity; Estrogen; Leptin, insulin; Menstrual cycle; Obesity; Overweight; Pediatric obesity

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; INSULIN; LEPTIN;

EID: 45549084976     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1429.009     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (223)

References (150)
  • 1
    • 20144363712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century
    • Olshansky, S.J. et al. 2005. A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. N. Engl. J. Med. 352 : 1138 1145.
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.352 , pp. 1138-1145
    • Olshansky, S.J.1
  • 2
    • 33645523067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
    • Ogden, C.L. et al. 2006. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA 295 : 1549 1555.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1549-1555
    • Ogden, C.L.1
  • 3
    • 0036831506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity development during adolescence in a biracial cohort: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study
    • Kimm, S.Y. et al. 2002. Obesity development during adolescence in a biracial cohort: the NHLBI Growth and Health Study. Pediatrics 110 : e54.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110
    • Kimm, S.Y.1
  • 4
    • 33845657879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood overweight and cardiovascular disease risk factors: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study
    • Thompson, D.R. et al. 2007. Childhood overweight and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J. Pediatr. 150 : 18 25.
    • (2007) J. Pediatr. , vol.150 , pp. 18-25
    • Thompson, D.R.1
  • 5
    • 33646833449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of adiposity in adolescence: Five year longitudinal study of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people in Britain
    • Wardle, J. et al. 2006. Development of adiposity in adolescence: five year longitudinal study of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people in Britain. Br. Med. J. 332 : 1130 1135.
    • (2006) Br. Med. J. , vol.332 , pp. 1130-1135
    • Wardle, J.1
  • 6
    • 0031912265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease
    • Dietz, W.H. 1998. Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics 101 : 518 525.
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.101 , pp. 518-525
    • Dietz, W.H.1
  • 7
    • 0034899978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood and adolescent obesity: Prevalence and significance
    • vii.
    • Styne, D.M. 2001. Childhood and adolescent obesity: prevalence and significance. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 48 : 823 54, vii.
    • (2001) Pediatr. Clin. North Am. , vol.48 , pp. 823-854
    • Styne, D.M.1
  • 8
    • 2542548063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents
    • Weiss, R. et al. 2004. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N. Engl. J. Med. 350 : 2362 2374.
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.350 , pp. 2362-2374
    • Weiss, R.1
  • 9
    • 2942720484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is pubertal timing associated with psychopathology in young adulthood
    • Graber, J.A. et al. 2004. Is pubertal timing associated with psychopathology in young adulthood. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 43 : 718 726.
    • (2004) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 718-726
    • Graber, J.A.1
  • 10
    • 0031028282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric risk associated with early puberty in adolescent girls
    • Hayward, C. et al. 1997. Psychiatric risk associated with early puberty in adolescent girls. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 36 : 255 262.
    • (1997) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 255-262
    • Hayward, C.1
  • 11
    • 33644663192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early puberty and adolescent pregnancy: The influence of alcohol use
    • Deardorff, J. et al. 2005. Early puberty and adolescent pregnancy: the influence of alcohol use. Pediatrics 116 : 1451 1456.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , pp. 1451-1456
    • Deardorff, J.1
  • 12
    • 0029795009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of age at menarche as early life predictors of breast cancer risk
    • Petridou, E. et al. 1996. Determinants of age at menarche as early life predictors of breast cancer risk. Int. J. Cancer 68 : 193 198.
    • (1996) Int. J. Cancer , vol.68 , pp. 193-198
    • Petridou, E.1
  • 13
    • 0031714991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menstrual factors in relation to breast cancer risk
    • Titus-Ernstoff, L. et al. 1998. Menstrual factors in relation to breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 7 : 783 789.
    • (1998) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. , vol.7 , pp. 783-789
    • Titus-Ernstoff, L.1
  • 14
    • 0031670579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western diet, early puberty, and breast cancer risk
    • Stoll, B.A. 1998. Western diet, early puberty, and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 49 : 187 193.
    • (1998) Breast Cancer Res. Treat. , vol.49 , pp. 187-193
    • Stoll, B.A.1
  • 15
    • 0036777648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: The Bogalusa Heart Study
    • Freedman, D.S. et al. 2002. Relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 110 : e43.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110
    • Freedman, D.S.1
  • 16
    • 0031004856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: A study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network
    • Herman-Giddens, M.E. et al. 1997. Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics 99 : 505 512.
    • (1997) Pediatrics , vol.99 , pp. 505-512
    • Herman-Giddens, M.E.1
  • 17
    • 33748257812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pubertal development in girls: Secular trends
    • Kaplowitz, P. 2006. Pubertal development in girls: secular trends. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 18 : 487 491.
    • (2006) Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.18 , pp. 487-491
    • Kaplowitz, P.1
  • 18
    • 0036791149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in the presence of secondary sex characteristics and menarche among US girls: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • &
    • Wu, T., P. Mendola & G.M. Buck. 2002. Ethnic differences in the presence of secondary sex characteristics and menarche among US girls: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Pediatrics 110 : 752 757.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , pp. 752-757
    • Wu, T.1    Mendola, P.2    Buck, G.M.3
  • 19
    • 0037384940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: Results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart
    • &
    • Anderson, S.E., G.E. Dallal & A. Must. 2003. Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart. Pediatrics 111 : 844 850.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111 , pp. 844-850
    • Anderson, S.E.1    Dallal, G.E.2    Must, A.3
  • 20
    • 3442891262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent decline in age at menarche: The Fels Longitudinal Study
    • Demerath, E.W. et al. 2004. Recent decline in age at menarche: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16 : 453 457.
    • (2004) Am. J. Hum. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 453-457
    • Demerath, E.W.1
  • 21
    • 33644556181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pubertal correlates in black and white girls
    • Biro, F.M. et al. 2006. Pubertal correlates in black and white girls. J. Pediatr. 148 : 234 240.
    • (2006) J. Pediatr. , vol.148 , pp. 234-240
    • Biro, F.M.1
  • 22
    • 1842429476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navigating the recent articles on girls' puberty in Pediatrics: What do we know and where do we go from here?
    • &
    • Herman-Giddens, M.E., P.B. Kaplowitz & R. Wasserman. 2004. Navigating the recent articles on girls' puberty in Pediatrics: what do we know and where do we go from here? Pediatrics 113 : 911 917.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , pp. 911-917
    • Herman-Giddens, M.E.1    Kaplowitz, P.B.2    Wasserman, R.3
  • 23
    • 33745965475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and late weight gain and the timing of puberty
    • &
    • Dunger, D.B., M.L. Ahmed & K.K. Ong. 2006. Early and late weight gain and the timing of puberty. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 254-255 : 140 145.
    • (2006) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , vol.254-255 , pp. 140-145
    • Dunger, D.B.1    Ahmed, M.L.2    Ong, K.K.3
  • 24
    • 0031647276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed puberty in obese boys: Comparison with constitutional delayed puberty and response to testosterone therapy
    • Kaplowitz, P. 1998. Delayed puberty in obese boys: comparison with constitutional delayed puberty and response to testosterone therapy. J. Pediatr. 133 : 745 749.
    • (1998) J. Pediatr. , vol.133 , pp. 745-749
    • Kaplowitz, P.1
  • 25
    • 0036843884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is obesity associated with early sexual maturation? a comparison of the association in American boys versus girls
    • Wang, Y. 2002. Is obesity associated with early sexual maturation? A comparison of the association in American boys versus girls. Pediatrics 110 : 903 910.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , pp. 903-910
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 26
    • 33947156663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight status in young girls and the onset of puberty
    • Lee, J.M. et al. 2007. Weight status in young girls and the onset of puberty. Pediatrics 119 : e624 630.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119
    • Lee, J.M.1
  • 27
    • 0034890968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earlier onset of puberty in girls: Relation to increased body mass index and race
    • Kaplowitz, P.B. et al. 2001. Earlier onset of puberty in girls: relation to increased body mass index and race. Pediatrics 108 : 347 353.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.108 , pp. 347-353
    • Kaplowitz, P.B.1
  • 28
    • 0035286567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial divergence in adiposity during adolescence: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study
    • Kimm, S.Y. et al. 2001. Racial divergence in adiposity during adolescence: the NHLBI Growth and Health Study. Pediatrics 107 : E34.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.107
    • Kimm, S.Y.1
  • 29
    • 4344674128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty-year trends in serial body mass index during adolescence in girls: The Fels Longitudinal Study
    • Demerath, E.W. et al. 2004. Fifty-year trends in serial body mass index during adolescence in girls: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80 : 441 446.
    • (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.80 , pp. 441-446
    • Demerath, E.W.1
  • 30
    • 0035022880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study
    • Biro, F.M. et al. 2001. Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J. Pediatr. 138 : 636 463.
    • (2001) J. Pediatr. , vol.138 , pp. 636-463
    • Biro, F.M.1
  • 31
    • 0022486641 scopus 로고
    • Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity
    • Garn, S.M. et al. 1986. Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 43 : 879 883.
    • (1986) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.43 , pp. 879-883
    • Garn, S.M.1
  • 32
    • 0037384455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percent body fat at age 5 predicts earlier pubertal development among girls at age 9
    • &
    • Davison, K.K., E.J. Susman & L.L. Birch. 2003. Percent body fat at age 5 predicts earlier pubertal development among girls at age 9. Pediatrics 111 : 815 821.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111 , pp. 815-821
    • Davison, K.K.1    Susman, E.J.2    Birch, L.L.3
  • 33
    • 0035089180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maturational timing and overweight prevalence in US adolescent girls
    • &
    • Adair, L.S. & P. Gordon-Larsen. 2001. Maturational timing and overweight prevalence in US adolescent girls. Am. J. Public Health 91 : 642 644.
    • (2001) Am. J. Public Health , vol.91 , pp. 642-644
    • Adair, L.S.1    Gordon-Larsen, P.2
  • 34
    • 33644612183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood overweight and maturational timing in the development of adult overweight and fatness: The Newton Girls Study and its follow-up
    • Must, A. et al. 2005. Childhood overweight and maturational timing in the development of adult overweight and fatness: the Newton Girls Study and its follow-up. Pediatrics 116 : 620 627.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , pp. 620-627
    • Must, A.1
  • 35
    • 0037795301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pubertal maturation in girls and the relationship to anthropometric changes: Pathways through puberty
    • Biro, F.M. et al. 2003. Pubertal maturation in girls and the relationship to anthropometric changes: pathways through puberty. J. Pediatr. 142 : 643 646.
    • (2003) J. Pediatr. , vol.142 , pp. 643-646
    • Biro, F.M.1
  • 36
    • 0033011132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsustained or slowly progressive puberty in young girls: Initial presentation and long-term follow-up of 20 untreated patients
    • &
    • Palmert, M.R., H.V. Malin & P.A. Boepple. 1999. Unsustained or slowly progressive puberty in young girls: initial presentation and long-term follow-up of 20 untreated patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 : 415 423.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.84 , pp. 415-423
    • Palmert, M.R.1    Malin, H.V.2    Boepple, P.A.3
  • 37
    • 0020320999 scopus 로고
    • Critical fat, menarche, and the maintenance of menstrual cycles: A critical review
    • &
    • Scott, E.C. & F.E. Johnston. 1982. Critical fat, menarche, and the maintenance of menstrual cycles: a critical review. J. Adolesc. Health Care. 2 : 249 260.
    • (1982) J. Adolesc. Health Care. , vol.2 , pp. 249-260
    • Scott, E.C.1    Johnston, F.E.2
  • 38
    • 0028390005 scopus 로고
    • The right weight: Body fat, menarche and fertility
    • Frisch, R.E. 1994. The right weight: body fat, menarche and fertility. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 53 : 113 29.
    • (1994) Proc. Nutr. Soc. , vol.53 , pp. 113-129
    • Frisch, R.E.1
  • 39
    • 0016149002 scopus 로고
    • Menstrual cycles: Fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset
    • &
    • Frisch, R.E. & J.W. McArthur. 1974. Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset. Science 185 : 949 51.
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 949-951
    • Frisch, R.E.1    McArthur, J.W.2
  • 40
    • 0014960635 scopus 로고
    • Height and weight at menarche and a hypothesis of critical body weights and adolescent events
    • &
    • Frisch, R.E. & R. Revelle. 1970. Height and weight at menarche and a hypothesis of critical body weights and adolescent events. Science 169 : 397 399.
    • (1970) Science , vol.169 , pp. 397-399
    • Frisch, R.E.1    Revelle, R.2
  • 41
    • 0026667758 scopus 로고
    • Body fat mass, body fat distribution, and pubertal development: A longitudinal study of physical and hormonal sexual maturation of girls
    • de Ridder, C.M. et al. 1992. Body fat mass, body fat distribution, and pubertal development: a longitudinal study of physical and hormonal sexual maturation of girls. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75 : 442 446.
    • (1992) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.75 , pp. 442-446
    • De Ridder, C.M.1
  • 42
    • 0020513130 scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of fatness in premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls of the same age
    • &
    • Garn, S.M., M. LaVelle & J.J. Pilkington. 1983. Comparisons of fatness in premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls of the same age. J. Pediatr. 103 : 328 331.
    • (1983) J. Pediatr. , vol.103 , pp. 328-331
    • Garn, S.M.1    Lavelle, M.2    Pilkington, J.J.3
  • 44
    • 0034464741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin and leptin receptor expression in rat and mouse pituitary cells
    • Jin, L. et al. 2000. Leptin and leptin receptor expression in rat and mouse pituitary cells. Endocrinology 141 : 333 339.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 333-339
    • Jin, L.1
  • 45
    • 0030735281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary
    • Karlsson, C. et al. 1997. Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 : 4144 4148.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.82 , pp. 4144-4148
    • Karlsson, C.1
  • 46
    • 0034455755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of leptin receptor in human endometrium and fluctuation during the menstrual cycle
    • Kitawaki, J. et al. 2000. Expression of leptin receptor in human endometrium and fluctuation during the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85 : 1946 1950.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.85 , pp. 1946-1950
    • Kitawaki, J.1
  • 47
    • 0030980198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal assessment of hormonal and physical alterations during normal puberty in boys. V. Rising leptin levels may signal the onset of puberty
    • &
    • Mantzoros, C.S., J.S. Flier & A.D. Rogol. 1997. A longitudinal assessment of hormonal and physical alterations during normal puberty in boys. V. Rising leptin levels may signal the onset of puberty. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 : 1066 1070.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.82 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Mantzoros, C.S.1    Flier, J.S.2    Rogol, A.D.3
  • 48
    • 0031713957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in leptin levels during puberty are related to the subcutaneous fat depot and sex steroids
    • Roemmich, J.N. et al. 1998. Gender differences in leptin levels during puberty are related to the subcutaneous fat depot and sex steroids. Am. J. Physiol. 275 : E543 551.
    • (1998) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.275
    • Roemmich, J.N.1
  • 49
    • 34948850885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between nocturnal urinary leptin and gonadotrophins as children progress towards puberty
    • Maqsood, A.R. et al. 2007. The relationship between nocturnal urinary leptin and gonadotrophins as children progress towards puberty. Horm. Res. 68 : 225 230.
    • (2007) Horm. Res. , vol.68 , pp. 225-230
    • Maqsood, A.R.1
  • 50
    • 0029896530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting
    • Ahima, R.S. et al. 1996. Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting. Nature 382 : 250 252.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 250-252
    • Ahima, R.S.1
  • 51
    • 0036800760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency
    • Farooqi, I.S. et al. 2002. Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency. J. Clin. Invest. 110 : 1093 1103.
    • (2002) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.110 , pp. 1093-1103
    • Farooqi, I.S.1
  • 52
    • 4344690525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human leptin in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea
    • Welt, C.K. et al. 2004. Recombinant human leptin in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. N. Engl. J. Med. 351 : 987 997.
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.351 , pp. 987-997
    • Welt, C.K.1
  • 53
    • 33747052261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood obesity: Behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpreting the First Law of Thermodynamics
    • Lustig, R.H. 2006. Childhood obesity: behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpreting the First Law of Thermodynamics. Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab. 2 : 447 458.
    • (2006) Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.2 , pp. 447-458
    • Lustig, R.H.1
  • 54
    • 0030921181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin is inversely related to age at menarche in human females
    • Matkovic, V. et al. 1997. Leptin is inversely related to age at menarche in human females. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 : 3239 3245.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.82 , pp. 3239-3245
    • Matkovic, V.1
  • 55
    • 0032761350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of leptin during childhood growth and development
    • &, viii.
    • Roemmich, J.N. & A.D. Rogol. 1999. Role of leptin during childhood growth and development. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 28 : 749 764, viii.
    • (1999) Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. , vol.28 , pp. 749-764
    • Roemmich, J.N.1    Rogol, A.D.2
  • 56
    • 0037340205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A leptin-sympathetic-leptin feedback loop: Potential implications for regulation of arterial pressure and body fat
    • Mark, A.L. et al. 2003. A leptin-sympathetic-leptin feedback loop: potential implications for regulation of arterial pressure and body fat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 177 : 345 349.
    • (2003) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.177 , pp. 345-349
    • Mark, A.L.1
  • 58
    • 6044270502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity, leptin resistance, and the effects of insulin reduction
    • Lustig, R.H. et al. 2004. Obesity, leptin resistance, and the effects of insulin reduction. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 28 : 1344 1348.
    • (2004) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.28 , pp. 1344-1348
    • Lustig, R.H.1
  • 59
    • 0030792135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of increased body weight gain and obesity in Pima Indian children
    • Odeleye, O.E. et al. 1997. Fasting hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of increased body weight gain and obesity in Pima Indian children. Diabetes 46 : 1341 1345.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1341-1345
    • Odeleye, O.E.1
  • 60
    • 0002631727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance is a result, not a cause of obesity: Socratic debate: The con side
    • In. A. Angel, H.A., C. Bouchard,*et al., Eds. LIbbey. London.
    • Sims, E. 1996. Insulin resistance is a result, not a cause of obesity: Socratic debate: the con side. In Progress in Obesity Research. A. Angel, H.A., C. Bouchard, et al., Eds. LIbbey. London.
    • (1996) Progress in Obesity Research.
    • Sims, E.1
  • 61
    • 0032860997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance during puberty: Results from clamp studies in 357 children
    • Moran, A. et al. 1999. Insulin resistance during puberty: results from clamp studies in 357 children. Diabetes 48 : 2039 2044.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 2039-2044
    • Moran, A.1
  • 62
    • 0028983095 scopus 로고
    • Gender and Tanner stage differences in body composition and insulin sensitivity in early pubertal children
    • Travers, S.H. et al. 1995. Gender and Tanner stage differences in body composition and insulin sensitivity in early pubertal children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80 : 172 178.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.80 , pp. 172-178
    • Travers, S.H.1
  • 63
    • 0022652051 scopus 로고
    • Impaired insulin action in puberty: A contributing factor to poor glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes
    • Amiel, S.A. et al. 1986. Impaired insulin action in puberty: a contributing factor to poor glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 315 : 215 219.
    • (1986) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.315 , pp. 215-219
    • Amiel, S.A.1
  • 64
    • 30744448677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and beta-cell function during puberty
    • Ball, G.D. et al. 2006. Longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and beta-cell function during puberty. J. Pediatr. 148 : 16 22.
    • (2006) J. Pediatr. , vol.148 , pp. 16-22
    • Ball, G.D.1
  • 65
    • 0032948363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: A prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women
    • Legro, R.S. et al. 1999. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 : 165 169.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.84 , pp. 165-169
    • Legro, R.S.1
  • 66
    • 34548039205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Norman, R.J. et al. 2007. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet 370 : 685 697.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 685-697
    • Norman, R.J.1
  • 67
    • 5544328189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen regulation of growth hormone action
    • Leung, K.C. et al. 2004. Estrogen regulation of growth hormone action. Endocr. Rev. 25 : 693 721.
    • (2004) Endocr. Rev. , vol.25 , pp. 693-721
    • Leung, K.C.1
  • 68
    • 0029972402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans
    • Bjorntorp, P. 1996. The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 20 : 291 302.
    • (1996) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.20 , pp. 291-302
    • Bjorntorp, P.1
  • 69
    • 0036875211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue intracrinology: Potential importance of local androgen/estrogen metabolism in the regulation of adiposity
    • Belanger, C. et al. 2002. Adipose tissue intracrinology: potential importance of local androgen/estrogen metabolism in the regulation of adiposity. Horm. Metab. Res. 34 : 737 745.
    • (2002) Horm. Metab. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 737-745
    • Belanger, C.1
  • 70
    • 0021717212 scopus 로고
    • Serum sex hormone-binding globulin during puberty in girls and in different types of adolescent menstrual cycles
    • Apter, D. et al. 1984. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin during puberty in girls and in different types of adolescent menstrual cycles. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) 107 : 413 419.
    • (1984) Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) , vol.107 , pp. 413-419
    • Apter, D.1
  • 71
    • 33646410148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of obesity and hyperandrogenemia during the pubertal transition in girls: Obesity as a potential factor in the genesis of postpubertal hyperandrogenism
    • McCartney, C.R. et al. 2006. The association of obesity and hyperandrogenemia during the pubertal transition in girls: obesity as a potential factor in the genesis of postpubertal hyperandrogenism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91 : 1714 1722.
    • (2006) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.91 , pp. 1714-1722
    • McCartney, C.R.1
  • 72
    • 0005963315 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen metabolism in disorders of nutrition and dietary composition
    • & In. K. Pirke, W. Wuttke. & U. Schweiger, Eds. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.
    • Lustig, R., H.L. Bradlow & J. Fishman. 1989. Estrogen metabolism in disorders of nutrition and dietary composition. In The Menstrual Cycle and Its Disorders. K. Pirke, W. Wuttke & U. Schweiger, Eds. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.
    • (1989) The Menstrual Cycle and Its Disorders.
    • Lustig, R.1    Bradlow, H.L.2    Fishman, J.3
  • 73
    • 0020540295 scopus 로고
    • Effects of obesity on estradiol metabolism: Decreased formation of nonuterotropic metabolites
    • Schneider, J. et al. 1983. Effects of obesity on estradiol metabolism: decreased formation of nonuterotropic metabolites. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 56 : 973 978.
    • (1983) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.56 , pp. 973-978
    • Schneider, J.1
  • 74
    • 18844475944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls
    • Berkey, C.S. et al. 2000. Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls. Pediatrics 105 : E56.
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.105
    • Berkey, C.S.1
  • 75
    • 0035090328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Crespo, C.J. et al. 2001. Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 155 : 360 365.
    • (2001) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , vol.155 , pp. 360-365
    • Crespo, C.J.1
  • 76
    • 0036872617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of the number and choice of leisure time physical activities from mid to late adolescence: Implications for school curricula and community recreation programs
    • Aaron, D.J. et al. 2002. Longitudinal study of the number and choice of leisure time physical activities from mid to late adolescence: implications for school curricula and community recreation programs. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 156 : 1075 1080.
    • (2002) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , vol.156 , pp. 1075-1080
    • Aaron, D.J.1
  • 77
    • 0037026693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence
    • Kimm, S.Y. et al. 2002. Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence. N. Engl. J. Med. 347 : 709 715.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 709-715
    • Kimm, S.Y.1
  • 78
    • 33744991559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2005
    • Eaton, D.K. et al. 2006. Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2005. MMWR Surveill Summ. 55 : 1 108.
    • (2006) MMWR Surveill Summ. , vol.55 , pp. 1-108
    • Eaton, D.K.1
  • 79
    • 0042237954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with changes in physical activity: A cohort study of inactive adolescent girls
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D. et al. 2003. Factors associated with changes in physical activity: a cohort study of inactive adolescent girls. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 157 : 803 810.
    • (2003) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , vol.157 , pp. 803-810
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D.1
  • 80
    • 0032565112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Andersen, R.E. et al. 1998. Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 279 : 938 942.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 938-942
    • Andersen, R.E.1
  • 81
    • 33947140905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal relationship between television viewing and leisure-time physical activity during adolescence
    • Taveras, E.M. et al. 2007. Longitudinal relationship between television viewing and leisure-time physical activity during adolescence. Pediatrics 119 : e314 319.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119
    • Taveras, E.M.1
  • 82
    • 34250791554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of physical activity in producing and maintaining weight loss
    • &
    • Catenacci, V.A. & H.R. Wyatt. 2007. The role of physical activity in producing and maintaining weight loss. Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab. 3 : 518 529.
    • (2007) Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.3 , pp. 518-529
    • Catenacci, V.A.1    Wyatt, H.R.2
  • 83
    • 33947185205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and correlates of weight loss in adolescents in a national sample
    • Boutelle, K.N. et al. 2007. Identification and correlates of weight loss in adolescents in a national sample. Obesity (Silver Spring) 15 : 473 482.
    • (2007) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.15 , pp. 473-482
    • Boutelle, K.N.1
  • 84
    • 0032743289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial
    • Robinson, T.N. 1999. Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Jama 282 : 1561 1567.
    • (1999) Jama , vol.282 , pp. 1561-1567
    • Robinson, T.N.1
  • 85
    • 6344223056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: A meta-analysis
    • Marshall, S.J. et al. 2004. Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 28 : 1238 1246.
    • (2004) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.28 , pp. 1238-1246
    • Marshall, S.J.1
  • 86
    • 3242722324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: A longitudinal birth cohort study
    • &
    • Hancox, R.J., B.J. Milne & R. Poulton. 2004. Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Lancet 364 : 257 262.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 257-262
    • Hancox, R.J.1    Milne, B.J.2    Poulton, R.3
  • 87
    • 33846323647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of television and video viewing with fast food intake by preschool-age children
    • Taveras, E.M. et al. 2006. The association of television and video viewing with fast food intake by preschool-age children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 14 : 2034 2041.
    • (2006) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.14 , pp. 2034-2041
    • Taveras, E.M.1
  • 88
    • 0038005021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between fruit and vegetable intake and change in body mass index among a large sample of children and adolescents in the United States
    • Field, A.E. et al. 2003. Association between fruit and vegetable intake and change in body mass index among a large sample of children and adolescents in the United States. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 27 : 821 826.
    • (2003) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.27 , pp. 821-826
    • Field, A.E.1
  • 89
    • 4644231257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change
    • Berkey, C.S. et al. 2004. Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change. Obes. Res. 12 : 778 88.
    • (2004) Obes. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 778-788
    • Berkey, C.S.1
  • 90
    • 33645036507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on body weight in adolescents: A randomized, controlled pilot study
    • Ebbeling, C.B. et al. 2006. Effects of decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on body weight in adolescents: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Pediatrics 117 : 673 80.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , pp. 673-680
    • Ebbeling, C.B.1
  • 91
    • 34248551882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults: A randomized trial
    • Ebbeling, C.B. et al. 2007. Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 297 : 2092 2102.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 2092-2102
    • Ebbeling, C.B.1
  • 92
    • 0142120446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of skipping breakfast and weight change in adolescents
    • Berkey, C.S. et al. 2003. Longitudinal study of skipping breakfast and weight change in adolescents. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 27 : 1258 1266.
    • (2003) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.27 , pp. 1258-1266
    • Berkey, C.S.1
  • 93
    • 0037362909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family meal patterns: Associations with sociodemographic characteristics and improved dietary intake among adolescents
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D. et al. 2003. Family meal patterns: associations with sociodemographic characteristics and improved dietary intake among adolescents. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 103 : 317 322.
    • (2003) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.103 , pp. 317-322
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D.1
  • 95
    • 24344461853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family dinner and adolescent overweight
    • Taveras, E.M. et al. 2005. Family dinner and adolescent overweight. Obes. Res. 13 : 900 6.
    • (2005) Obes. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 900-906
    • Taveras, E.M.1
  • 96
    • 33747140352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family dinner meal frequency and adolescent development: Relationships with developmental assets and high-risk behaviors
    • Fulkerson, J.A. et al. 2006. Family dinner meal frequency and adolescent development: relationships with developmental assets and high-risk behaviors. J. Adolesc. Health 39 : 337 345.
    • (2006) J. Adolesc. Health , vol.39 , pp. 337-345
    • Fulkerson, J.A.1
  • 97
    • 5644268188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are family meal patterns associated with disordered eating behaviors among adolescents?
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D. et al. 2004. Are family meal patterns associated with disordered eating behaviors among adolescents? J. Adolesc. Health 35 : 350 359.
    • (2004) J. Adolesc. Health , vol.35 , pp. 350-359
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D.1
  • 98
    • 33748199096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between unsupervised time after school and physical activity in adolescent girls
    • Rushovich, B.R. et al. 2006. The relationship between unsupervised time after school and physical activity in adolescent girls. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 3 : 20.
    • (2006) Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. , vol.3 , pp. 20
    • Rushovich, B.R.1
  • 99
    • 33645576908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When children eat what they watch: Impact of television viewing on dietary intake in youth
    • Wiecha, J.L. et al. 2006. When children eat what they watch: impact of television viewing on dietary intake in youth. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 160 : 436 442.
    • (2006) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , vol.160 , pp. 436-442
    • Wiecha, J.L.1
  • 100
    • 0346850819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of television viewing patterns on fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents
    • Boynton-Jarrett, R. et al. 2003. Impact of television viewing patterns on fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents. Pediatrics 112 : 1321 1326.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , pp. 1321-1326
    • Boynton-Jarrett, R.1
  • 101
    • 3042767898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's food consumption during television viewing
    • Matheson, D.M. et al. 2004. Children's food consumption during television viewing. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79 : 1088 1094.
    • (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.79 , pp. 1088-1094
    • Matheson, D.M.1
  • 102
    • 16644375784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African-American girls' dietary intake while watching television
    • Matheson, D.M. et al. 2004. African-American girls' dietary intake while watching television. Obes. Res. 12 (Suppl 32S 37S.
    • (2004) Obes. Res. , vol.12
    • Matheson, D.M.1
  • 103
    • 0036154491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight-related concerns and behaviors among overweight and nonoverweight adolescents: Implications for preventing weight-related disorders
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D. et al. 2002. Weight-related concerns and behaviors among overweight and nonoverweight adolescents: implications for preventing weight-related disorders. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 156 : 171 178.
    • (2002) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , vol.156 , pp. 171-178
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D.1
  • 104
    • 33645352791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: How do dieters fare 5 years later?
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D. et al. 2006. Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: how do dieters fare 5 years later? J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 106 : 559 68.
    • (2006) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.106 , pp. 559-568
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D.1
  • 105
    • 0141890036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between dieting and weight change among preadolescents and adolescents
    • Field, A.E. et al. 2003. Relation between dieting and weight change among preadolescents and adolescents. Pediatrics 112 : 900 906.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , pp. 900-906
    • Field, A.E.1
  • 106
    • 33947095423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and gender differences in the association of dieting and gains in BMI among young adults
    • Field, A.E. et al. 2007. Race and gender differences in the association of dieting and gains in BMI among young adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 15 : 456 464.
    • (2007) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.15 , pp. 456-464
    • Field, A.E.1
  • 107
    • 33745229218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between depressive symptoms and obesity during puberty
    • Richardson, L.P. et al. 2006. Associations between depressive symptoms and obesity during puberty. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 28 : 313 320.
    • (2006) Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 313-320
    • Richardson, L.P.1
  • 108
    • 0036725970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity
    • &
    • Goodman, E. & R.C. Whitaker. 2002. A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity. Pediatrics 110 : 497 504.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , pp. 497-504
    • Goodman, E.1    Whitaker, R.C.2
  • 109
    • 14844286962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newer antipsychotic drugs and obesity in children and adolescents. How should we assess drug-associated weight gain?
    • Vieweg, W.V. et al. 2005. Newer antipsychotic drugs and obesity in children and adolescents. How should we assess drug-associated weight gain? Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 111 : 177 184.
    • (2005) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.111 , pp. 177-184
    • Vieweg, W.V.1
  • 110
    • 33750622165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elucidation of the mechanism of weight gain and glucose tolerance abnormalities induced by chlorpromazine
    • Amamoto, T. et al. 2006. The elucidation of the mechanism of weight gain and glucose tolerance abnormalities induced by chlorpromazine. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 102 : 213 219.
    • (2006) J. Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.102 , pp. 213-219
    • Amamoto, T.1
  • 111
    • 33746856923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of health-related quality of life in obese youth
    • &
    • Zeller, M.H. & A.C. Modi. 2006. Predictors of health-related quality of life in obese youth. Obesity 14 : 122 130.
    • (2006) Obesity , vol.14 , pp. 122-130
    • Zeller, M.H.1    Modi, A.C.2
  • 112
    • 33646380854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in adolecents with extreme obesity presenting for bariatric surgery
    • &
    • Zeller, M.H., H.R. Roehrig & A.C. Modi. 2006. Health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in adolecents with extreme obesity presenting for bariatric surgery. Pediatrics 117 : 1155 1161.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , pp. 1155-1161
    • Zeller, M.H.1    Roehrig, H.R.2    Modi, A.C.3
  • 113
    • 20644457327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of body mass index and perceived weight with suicide ideation and suicide attempts among US high school students
    • Eaton, D.K. et al. 2005. Associations of body mass index and perceived weight with suicide ideation and suicide attempts among US high school students. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 159 : 513 519.
    • (2005) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , vol.159 , pp. 513-519
    • Eaton, D.K.1
  • 114
    • 0041488669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of weight-based teasing and emotional well-being among adolescents
    • &
    • Eisenberg, M.E., D. Neumark-Sztainer & M. Story. 2003. Associations of weight-based teasing and emotional well-being among adolescents. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 157 : 733 738.
    • (2003) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , vol.157 , pp. 733-738
    • Eisenberg, M.E.1    Neumark-Sztainer, D.2    Story, M.3
  • 115
    • 33947185739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and risk of low self-esteem: A statewide survey of Australian children
    • Franklin, J. et al. 2006. Obesity and risk of low self-esteem: a statewide survey of Australian children. Pediatrics 118 : 2481 2487.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118 , pp. 2481-2487
    • Franklin, J.1
  • 116
    • 2342526580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children
    • Janssen, I. et al. 2004. Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children. Pediatrics 113 : 1187 1194.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , pp. 1187-1194
    • Janssen, I.1
  • 117
    • 14644415480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and overweight among inner-city Hispanic children and adolescents
    • & 267
    • Mirza, N.M., D. Davis & J.A. Yanovski. 2005. Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and overweight among inner-city Hispanic children and adolescents. J. Adolesc. Health 36 : 267 e16 20.
    • (2005) J. Adolesc. Health , vol.36
    • Mirza, N.M.1    Davis, D.2    Yanovski, J.A.3
  • 118
    • 33748557848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood obesity and self-esteem
    • Strauss, R.S. 2000. Childhood obesity and self-esteem. Pediatrics 105 : e15.
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.105
    • Strauss, R.S.1
  • 119
    • 33644853627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity
    • Gordon-Larsen, P. et al. 2006. Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity. Pediatrics 117 : 417 424.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , pp. 417-424
    • Gordon-Larsen, P.1
  • 120
    • 29944445719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood safety and overweight status in children
    • Lumeng, J.C. et al. 2006. Neighborhood safety and overweight status in children. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 160 : 25 31.
    • (2006) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , vol.160 , pp. 25-31
    • Lumeng, J.C.1
  • 121
    • 27644498484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School lunch and snacking patterns among high school students: Associations with school food environment and policies
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D. et al. 2005. School lunch and snacking patterns among high school students: associations with school food environment and policies. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2 : 14.
    • (2005) Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. , vol.2 , pp. 14
    • Neumark-Sztainer, D.1
  • 122
    • 8544245653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-taking behavior in adolescents: The paradigm
    • Irwin, C.E., Jr. et al. 1997. Risk-taking behavior in adolescents: the paradigm. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 817 : 1 35.
    • (1997) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.817 , pp. 1-35
    • Irwin Jr., C.E.1
  • 123
    • 0030879331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unhealthy eating and other risk-taking behavior: Are they related?
    • &
    • Lytle, L.A. & J. Roski. 1997. Unhealthy eating and other risk-taking behavior: are they related? Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 817 : 49 65.
    • (1997) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.817 , pp. 49-65
    • Lytle, L.A.1    Roski, J.2
  • 124
    • 0023905173 scopus 로고
    • Health concerns of high school students and teachers' beliefs about student health concerns
    • Sobal, J. et al. 1988. Health concerns of high school students and teachers' beliefs about student health concerns. Pediatrics 81 : 218 223.
    • (1988) Pediatrics , vol.81 , pp. 218-223
    • Sobal, J.1
  • 127
    • 39649084029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood obesity: Adrift in the "limbic triangle"
    • &
    • Mietus-Snyder, M.L. & R.H. Lustig. 2007. Childhood obesity: Adrift in the "limbic triangle". Annu. Rev. Med. 59 : 147 162.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Med. , vol.59 , pp. 147-162
    • Mietus-Snyder, M.L.1    Lustig, R.H.2
  • 128
    • 45549104799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive approaches to the treatment of pediatric and adolescent obesity
    • In. W. O'Donahue, B.A. Moore. & B. Scott, Eds. Routledge, London.
    • Lustig, R. 2008. Intensive approaches to the treatment of pediatric and adolescent obesity. In Pedriatric and Adolescent Obesity Treatment. W. O'Donahue, B.A. Moore & B. Scott, Eds. Routledge, London.
    • (2008) Pedriatric and Adolescent Obesity Treatment.
    • Lustig, R.1
  • 129
    • 3042791287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bariatric surgery for severely overweight adolescents: Concerns and recommendations
    • Inge, T.H. et al. 2004. Bariatric surgery for severely overweight adolescents: concerns and recommendations. Pediatrics 114 : 217 223.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , pp. 217-223
    • Inge, T.H.1
  • 131
    • 0038050334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dance and reducing television viewing to prevent weight gain in African-American girls: The Stanford GEMS pilot study
    • Robinson, T.N. et al. 2003. Dance and reducing television viewing to prevent weight gain in African-American girls: the Stanford GEMS pilot study. Ethn. Dis. 13 : S65 77.
    • (2003) Ethn. Dis. , vol.13
    • Robinson, T.N.1
  • 132
    • 0025245861 scopus 로고
    • Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children
    • Epstein, L.H. et al. 1990. Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children. JAMA 264 : 2519 2523.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 2519-2523
    • Epstein, L.H.1
  • 133
    • 33751178797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivational interviewing for pediatric obesity: Conceptual issues and evidence review
    • &
    • Resnicow, K., R. Davis & S. Rollnick. 2006. Motivational interviewing for pediatric obesity: conceptual issues and evidence review. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 106 : 2024 2033.
    • (2006) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.106 , pp. 2024-2033
    • Resnicow, K.1    Davis, R.2    Rollnick, S.3
  • 134
    • 39649084029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood obesity: Adrift in the "limbic triangle"
    • Mietus-Snyder, M.L. & R.H. Lustig. 2007. Childhood obesity: adrift in the "limbic triangle". Annu. Rev. Med. 59 : 147 162.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Med. , vol.59 , pp. 147-162
    • Mietus-Snyder, M.L.1    Lustig., R.H.2
  • 135
    • 0002548485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert committee recommendations. the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services
    • &
    • Barlow, S.E. & W.H. Dietz. 1998. Obesity evaluation and treatment: expert committee recommendations. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services. Pediatrics 102 : E29.
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.102
    • Barlow, S.E.1    Dietz, W.H.2
  • 136
    • 33750505670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACOG Committee Opinion No. 351, November 2006: The overweight adolescent: Prevention, treatment, and obstetric-gynecologic implications
    • ACOG.
    • ACOG. 2006. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 351, November 2006: The overweight adolescent: prevention, treatment, and obstetric-gynecologic implications. Obstet. Gynecol. 108 : 1337 1348.
    • (2006) Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.108 , pp. 1337-1348
  • 137
    • 0141998792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome: Syndrome XX?
    • &
    • Sam, S. & A. Dunaif 2003. Polycystic ovary syndrome: syndrome XX? Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 14 : 365 370.
    • (2003) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.14 , pp. 365-370
    • Sam, S.1    Dunaif, A.2
  • 138
    • 0035142971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early metabolic abnormalities in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • Lewy, V.D. et al. 2001. Early metabolic abnormalities in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J. Pediatr. 138 : 38 44.
    • (2001) J. Pediatr. , vol.138 , pp. 38-44
    • Lewy, V.D.1
  • 139
    • 0028889654 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome are found in adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism
    • Apter, D. et al. 1995. Metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome are found in adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80 : 2966 2973.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.80 , pp. 2966-2973
    • Apter, D.1
  • 140
    • 18844408055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of hyperandrogenemic and metabolic phenotype with carotid intima-media thickness in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Vryonidou, A. et al. 2005. Association of hyperandrogenemic and metabolic phenotype with carotid intima-media thickness in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 : 2740 2746.
    • (2005) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.90 , pp. 2740-2746
    • Vryonidou, A.1
  • 141
    • 0028786656 scopus 로고
    • Serine phosphorylation of human P450c17 increases 17,20-lyase activity: Implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Zhang, L.H. et al. 1995. Serine phosphorylation of human P450c17 increases 17,20-lyase activity: implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 : 10619 10623.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 10619-10623
    • Zhang, L.H.1
  • 142
    • 12344332482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of yo-yo diet, caloric restriction, and olestra on tissue distribution of hexachlorobenzene
    • Jandacek, R.J. et al. 2005. Effects of yo-yo diet, caloric restriction, and olestra on tissue distribution of hexachlorobenzene. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 288 : G292 299.
    • (2005) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol. , vol.288
    • Jandacek, R.J.1
  • 143
    • 0022378883 scopus 로고
    • Obesity and its effect on reproductive function
    • &
    • Friedman, C.I. & M.H. Kim. 1985. Obesity and its effect on reproductive function. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 28 : 645 663.
    • (1985) Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.28 , pp. 645-663
    • Friedman, C.I.1    Kim, M.H.2
  • 144
    • 0036095455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that GnRH decreases with gonadal steroid feedback but increases with age in postmenopausal women
    • Gill, S. et al. 2002. Evidence that GnRH decreases with gonadal steroid feedback but increases with age in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 : 2290 2296.
    • (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.87 , pp. 2290-2296
    • Gill, S.1
  • 145
    • 0030666150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous estrogen and postmenopausal breast cancer: A quantitative review
    • &
    • Thomas, H.V., G.K. Reeves & T.J. Key. 1997. Endogenous estrogen and postmenopausal breast cancer: a quantitative review. Cancer Causes Control 8 : 922 8.
    • (1997) Cancer Causes Control , vol.8 , pp. 922-928
    • Thomas, H.V.1    Reeves, G.K.2    Key, T.J.3
  • 146
    • 84929538321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cancer
    • In. S.E.C. Yeung. & R.F. Gagel, Eds. Dekker. New York. In press.
    • Lustig, R.A.B.H. 2008 Obesity and cancer. In Internal Medicine Care of Cancer Patients. S.E.C. Yeung & R.F. Gagel, Eds. Dekker. New York. In press.
    • (2008) Internal Medicine Care of Cancer Patients.
    • Lustig, R.A.B.H.1
  • 147
    • 18044363644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical complications in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A review of the literature
    • discussion S87-89.
    • Katzman, D.K. 2005. Medical complications in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a review of the literature. Int. J. Eat Disord. 37 (Suppl S52 59 discussion S87-89.
    • (2005) Int. J. Eat Disord. , vol.37
    • Katzman, D.K.1
  • 148
    • 0026795998 scopus 로고
    • Binge-eating and polycystic ovaries
    • &
    • McCluskey, S.E., J.H. Lacey & J.M. Pearce. 1992. Binge-eating and polycystic ovaries. Lancet 340 : 723.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 723
    • McCluskey, S.E.1    Lacey, J.H.2    Pearce, J.M.3
  • 149
    • 0028972990 scopus 로고
    • Ovarian morphology and insulin sensitivity in women with bulimia nervosa
    • Raphael, F.J. et al. 1995. Ovarian morphology and insulin sensitivity in women with bulimia nervosa. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 43 : 451 455.
    • (1995) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.43 , pp. 451-455
    • Raphael, F.J.1
  • 150
    • 34250822501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of menstrual disturbance in eating disorders
    • Poyastro Pinheiro, A. et al. 2007. Patterns of menstrual disturbance in eating disorders. Int. J. Eat Disord. 40 : 424 434.
    • (2007) Int. J. Eat Disord. , vol.40 , pp. 424-434
    • Poyastro Pinheiro, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.