Fat cells

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 847-870

  Ramsay, T G ^a  

^a PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA 3 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN; FATTY ACID; FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN; GROWTH HORMONE; HYDROCORTISONE; INSULIN; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; PEPTIDE YY; PROSTAGLANDIN E1; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; RECEPTOR SUBTYPE; TESTOSTERONE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ADIPOCYTE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMAL CELL; CELL METABOLISM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FATTY ACID TRANSPORT; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LIPOGENESIS; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW;

EID: 0030460921     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70358-3     Document Type: Article

References (184)

1. Y.I. Ahn M.I. Kamboh R.F. Humman Two DNA polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase gene and their associations with factors related to cardiovascular disease J Lipid Res 34 1993 421
2. A. Angel G.A. Bray Synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol by liver, adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa from obese and control patients Eur J Clin Invest 9 1979 355
3. B. Appel S.K. Fried Effects of insulin and dexamethasone on lipoprotein lipase in human adipose tissue Am J Physiol 262 1992 E695
4. P. Arner Adenosine, prostaglandins and phosphodiesterase as targets for obesity pharmacotherapy Int J Obes 17 suppl 1 1993 S57
5. P. Arner Differences in lipolysis between human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues Ann Med 27 1995 435
6. P. Arner J. Hellmér A. Wennlund Studies on adrenoceptor occupancy in isolated human fat cells and its relationship with the lipolysis rate Eur J Pharmacol 146 1988 45
7. P. Arner E. Kriegholm P. Engfeldt Adrenergic regulation of lipolysis in situ at rest and during exercise J Clin Invest 85 1990 893
8. K. Asayama S. Amemiya S. Kusano Growth hormone induced changes in postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activity Metab Clin Exp 33 1984 129
9. P. Ashby D.S. Robinson Effects of insulin, glucocorticoids, and adrenaline on the activity of rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase Biochem J 188 1980 185
10. F. Assimacopoulos-Jeannet S. Brichard F. Rencurel In vivo effects of hyperinsulinemia on lipogenic enzymes and glucose transporter expression in rat liver and adipose tissues Metabolism 44 1995 228
11. K.L. Ball B.K. Speake D.S. Robinson Effects of adrenaline on the turnover of lipoprotein lipase in rat adipose tissue Biochim Biophys Acta 877 1986 399
12. S. Bao R.M. Smith L. Jarett The effects of brefeldin A on the glucose transport system in rat adipocytes: Implications regarding the intracellular locus of insulin-sensitive GLUT4 J Biol Chem 270 1995 30199
13. S. Barcellini-Couget A. Pradines-Figueres P. Roux The regulation by growth hormone of lipoprotein lipase gene expression is mediated by c-fos protooncogene Endocrinology 132 1993 53
14. C.A. Baxa R.S. Sha M.K. Buelt Human adipocyte lipid-binding protein: Purification of the protein and cloning of its complementary DNA Biochemistry 28 1989 8683
15. P. Belfrage G. Fredrikson H. Olsson Control of adipose tissue lipolysis by phosphorylation/dephosphyorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase A. Angel C. Hollenberg D. Roncari The Adipocyte and Obesity: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms 1983 Raven Press New York 217
16. G. Bengtsson T. Olivecrona Lipoprotein lipase: Some effects of activator proteins Eur J Biochem 106 1980 549
17. J.L. Benovic M. Bouvier M.G. Caron Regulation of adenylyl cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors Ann Rev Cell Biol 4 1979 405
18. 2-adrenoceptor properties Eur J Clin Invest 15 1985 341
19. O. Bjorkman Fuel metabolism during exercise in normal and diabetic man Diabetes Metab Rev 1 1986 319
20. W.L. Blake S.D. Clarke Induction of adipose fatty acid binding protein (a-FABP) by insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173 1990 87
21. M. Bronnegard M. Ottosson J. Boos Lack of evidence for estrogen and progesterone receptors in human adipose tissue J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 51 1994 275
22. J.D. Brunzell R.S. Schwartz R.H. Eckel Insulin and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in humans Int J Obes 5 1981 685
23. P.J. Campbell M.G. Carlson N. Nurjhan Fat metabolism in human obesity Am J Physiol 266 1994 E600
24. P.J. Campbell M.G. Carlson J.O. Hill Regulation of free fatty acid metabolism by insulin in humans: Role of lipolysis and reesterification Am J Physiol 263 1990 E1063
25. B. Cannon J. Nedergaard J. Lundberg Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) is costored with noradrenaline in vascular but not in parenchymal sympathetic nerves of brown adipose tissue Exp Cell Res 164 1986 546
26. C. Carpéné J. Galitzky P. Collon Desensitization of beta-1 and beta-2 but not beta-3 adrenoceptor-mediated lipolytic response of adipocytes after long-term norepinephrine infusion J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265 1993 237
27. 2-adrenergic one Am J Physiol 265 1993 E74
28. 1 in mammal adipocytes Am J Physiol 266 1994 R1141
29. P. Cavallo-Perin A. Bruno M. Cassader The glucoregulatory and antilipolytic actions of insulin in abdominal obesity with normal or impaired glucose tolerance: An in vivo and in vitro study Eur J Clin Invest 22 1992 725
30. J.C. Chamberlain J.A. Thorn K. Oka DNA polymorphisms at the lipoprotein lipase gene: Associations with normal and hypertriglyceridaemic subjects Atherosclerosis 79 1989 85
31. M. Cigolini U. Smith Human adipose tissue in culture. VIII. Studies on the insulin-antagonistic effect of glucocorticoids Metab Clin Exp 28 1979 502
32. S.W. Coppack N. Frayn S.M. Humphreys Effects of insulin on human adipose tissue metabolism in vivo Clin Sci 77 1989 663
33. S.W. Coppack M.D. Jensen J.M. Miles In vivo regulation of lipolysis in humans J Lipid Res 35 1994 177
34. S.W. Coppack R.D. Evans R.M. Fisher Adipose tissue metabolism in obesity: Lipase action in vivo before and after a mixed meal Metabolism 41 1992 264
35. M.P. Czech Molecular actions of insulin on glucose transport Ann Rev Nutr 15 1995 441
36. M.P. Czech J.M. Buxton Insulin action on the internalization of the GLUT4 glucose transporter in isolated rat adipocytes J Biol Chem 268 1993 9187
37. M. Digirolamo F.D. Newby J. Lovejoy Lactate production in adipose tissue: A regulated function with extra-adipose implications FASEB J 6 1992 2405
38. W. Doerrler K.R. Feingold C. Grunfeld Cytokines induce catabolic effects in cultured adipocytes by multiple mechanisms Cytokine 6 1994 478
39. H.J. Dowling S.K. Fried F.X. Pi-Sunyer Insulin resistance in adipocytes of obese women: Effects of body fat distribution and race Metabolism 44 1995 987
40. R.H. Eckel Lipoprotein lipase: A multifunctional enzyme relevant to common metabolic diseases N Engl J Med 320 1989 1060
41. R.A. Eckel T.J. Yost Weight reduction increases adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase responsiveness in obese women J Clin Invest 80 1987 992
42. N.K. Edens S.K. Fried J.G. Kral In vitro lipid synthesis in human adipose tissue from three abdominal sites Am J Physiol 265 1993 E374
43. N.K. Edens R.L. Leibel J. Hirsch Mechanism of free fatty acid re-esterification in human adipocytes J Lipid Res 31 1990 1423
44. J.J. Egan A.S. Greenberg M.K. Chang Mechanism of hormone-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes: Translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase to the lipid storage droplet Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 1992 8537
45. H. Eriksson M. Ridderstrale E. Degerman Evidence for the key role of the adipocyte cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase in the antilipolytic action of insulin Biochim Biophys Acta 1266 1995 101
46. B. Feve B. Baude S. Krief Inhibition by dexamethasone of beta 3 adrenergic receptor responsiveness in 3T3-F442A adipocytes: Evidence for a transcriptional mechanism J Biol Chem 267 1992 15909
47. B. Feve K. Elhadri A. Quignard-Boulange Transcriptional downregulation by insulin of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor expression in 3T3-F442A adipocytes: A mechanism for repressing the cAMP signaling pathway Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 1994 5677
48. K.N. Frayn S. Shadid R. Hamlani Regulation of fatty acid movement in human adipose tissue in the postabsorptive-to-postprandial transition Am J Physiol 266 1994 E308
49. G. Fredrikson P. Belfrage Positional specificity of hormone-sensitive lipase of rat adipose tissue J Biol Chem 258 1983 17253
50. S.K. Fried C.D. Russell N.L. Grauso Lipoprotein lipase regulation by insulin and glucocorticoid in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of obese women and men J Clin Invest 92 1993 2191
51. S.K. Fried R. Zechner Effects of cachectin/tumor necrosis factor on human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity, mRNA levels and biosynthesis J Lipid Res 30 1989 1917
52. J. Frystyk E. Vestbo C. Skjaerbaek Free insulin-like growth factors in human obesity Metabolism 44 1995 37
53. V.C. Gavino G.R. Gavino Adipose hormone-sensitive lipase preferentially releases polyunsaturated fatty acids from triglycerides Lipids 27 1992 950
54. A.J. Garton D.G. Campbell P. Cohen Primary structure of the site on bovine hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase FEBS Lett 229 1988 68
55. W.T. Garvey L. Maianu T.P. Huecksteadt Pretranslational suppression of a glucose transporter protein causes insulin resistance in adipocytes from patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity J Clin Invest 87 1991 1072
56. G. Giacchetti E. Faloia A. Taccaliti Decreased expression of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter mRNA (GLUT4) in adipose tissue of non-insulin-dependent diabetic and obese patients: Evaluation by a simplified quantitative PCR assay J Endocrinol Invest 17 1994 709
57. H. Goodman G. Grichting Growth hormone and lipolysis: A reevaluation Endocrinology 113 1983 1697
58. J. Ha S. Daniel I.S. Kong Cloning of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase cDNA Eur J Biochem 219 1994 297
59. A.P. Halestrap R.M. Denton Insulin and the regulation of adipose tissue acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase Biochem J 132 1973 509
60. I. Hardardottir W. Doerrler K.R. Feingold Cytokines stimulate lipolysis and decrease lipoprotein lipase activity in cultured fat cells by a prostaglandin independent mechanism Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186 1992 237
61. R.D. Harper E.D. Saggerson Factor affecting fatty acid oxidation in fat cells isolated from rat white adipose tissue J Lipid Res 17 1976 516
62. H. Hauner T. Petruschke M. Russ Effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on glucose transport and lipid metabolism of newly differentiated human fat cells in cell culture Diabetologia 38 1995 764
63. M.R. Hayden J.J. Kastelein H. Funke Phenotypic variation of mutations in the human lipoprotein-lipase gene Biochem Soc Trans 21 1993 506
64. F.M. Herr V. Matarese D.A. Bernlohr Surface lysine residues modulate the collisional transfer of fatty acid from adipocyte fatty acid binding protein to membranes Biochemistry 34 1995 11840
65. F.B. Hillgartner L.M. Salati A.G. Goodridge Physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in nutritional regulation of fatty acid synthesis Physiol Rev 75 1995 47
66. C. Holm P. Belfrage G. Fredrikson Human adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase: Identification and comparison with other species Biochim Biophys Acta 1006 1989 193
67. C. Holm T.G. Kirchgessner K.L. Svenson Hormone-sensitive lipase: Sequence, expression and chromosomal localization to 19 cent-q13.3 Science 241 1988 1503
68. G.S. Hotamisligil A. Budavari D. Murray Reduced tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor in obesity-diabetes: Central role of tumor necrosis factor-α J Clin Invest 94 1994 1543
69. G.S. Hotamisligil N.S. Shargill B.M. Spiegelman Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-α: Direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance Science 259 1993 87
70. S. Ikemoto K.S. Thompson M. Takahashi High fat diet-induced hyperglycemia: Prevention by low level expression of a glucose transporter (GLUT4) minigene in transgenic mice Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 1995 3096
71. P.H. Iverius J.D. Brunzell Relationship between lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma sex steroid level in obese women J Clin Invest 82 1988 1106
72. S.C. Jamdar W.F. Cao Triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes in lean and obese Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Acta 1255 1995 237
73. D.E. James M. Strube M. Mueckler Molecular cloning and characterization of an insulin-regulatable glucose transporter Nature 338 1989 83
74. P.A. Jansson A. Larsson U. Smith Glycerol production in subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean and obese humans J Clin Invest 89 1992 1610
75. P.A. Jansson A. Larsson U. Smith Lactate release from the subcutaneous tissue in lean and obese men J Clin Invest 93 1994 240
76. R. Jemaa S. Tuzet C. Portos Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms: Associations with hypertriglyceridemia and body mass index in obese people Int J Obes 19 1995 270
77. M.D. Jensen M. Caruso V.J. Heiling Insulin regulation of lipolysis in nondiabetic and IDDM subjects Diabetes 38 1989 1595
78. B.H. Jhun A.L. Rampal H. Liu Effects of insulin on steady state kinetics of GLUT4 sub-cellular distribution in rat adipocytes J Biol Chem 267 1992 17710
79. B.B. Kahn Dietary regulation of glucose transporter gene expression: Tissue specific effects in adipose cells and muscle J Nutr 124 1994 1289S
80. B.B. Kahn M.J. Charron H.F. Lodish Differential regulation two glucose transporters in adipose cells from diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats J Clin Invest 84 1989 404
81. F. Karpe T. Olivecrona G. Walldius Lipoprotein lipase in plasma after an oral fat load: Relation to free fatty acids J Lipid Res 33 1992 975
82. H. Kather Purine accumulation in human fat cell suspensions: Evidence that human adipocytes release inosine and hypoxanthine rather than adenosine J Biol Chem 263 1988 8803
83. H. Kather Pathways of purine metabolism in human adipocytes: Further evidence against a role of adenosine as an endogenous regulator of human fat cell function J Biol Chem 265 1990 96
84. J. Katz P.A. Wals Lipogenesis from lactate in rat adipose tissue Biochim Biophys Acta 348 1974 344
85. P.A. Kern S. Marshall R.H. Eckel Regulation of lipoprotein lipase in primary cultures of isolated human adipocytes J Clin Invest 75 1985 199
86. P.A. Kern M. Saghizadeh J.M. Ong The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue: Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase J Clin Invest 95 1995 2111
87. K.H. Kim H.J. Tae Pattern and regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene expression J Nutr 124 1994 1273S
88. 2-adrenergic receptor Science 238 1987 650
89. I.J. Kozka A.E. Clark J.P. Reckless The effects of insulin on the level and activity of the GLUT4 present in human adipose cells Diabetologia 38 1995 661
90. 3-adrenergic receptor mRNA in man J Clin Invest 91 1993 344
91. M. Lafontan Differential recruitment and differential regulation by physiological amines of fat cell beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3 adrenergic receptors expressed in native fat cells and in transfected cell lines Cell Signal 6 1994 363
92. 2 antagonists and lipid mobilizing strategies Am J Clin Nutr 55 1992 219S
93. D. Langin G. Tavernier M. Lafontan Regulation of beta 3-adrenoceptor expression in white fat cells Fundam Clin Pharmacol 9 1995 97
94. K.H. Lee K.H. Kim Effect of epinephrine on acetyl-CoA carboxylase in rat epididymal adipose tissue J Biol Chem 253 1978 8157
95. 3-adrenoceptors in obesity J Clin Invest 95 1995 1109
96. P. Lönnroth P.A. Jansson B.B. Fredholm Microdialysis of intercellular adenosine concentration in subcutaneous tissue in humans Am J Physiol 256 1989 E250
97. C. Marcus V. Margery A. Kamel Effects of growth hormone on lipolysis in humans Acta Paediatr Suppl 406 1994 54
98. P. Marin B. Oden P. Bjorntorp Assimilation and mobilization of triglycerides in subcutaneous abdominal and femoral adipose tissue in vivo in men: Effects of androgens J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 1995 239
99. P. Marin M. Rebuffe-Scrieve U. Smith Glucose uptake in human adipose tissue Metabolism 36 1987 1154
100. M.K. Marshall W. Doerrler K.R. Feingold Leukemia inhibitory factor induces changes in lipid metabolism in cultured adipocytes Endocrinology 135 1994 141
101. M.H. Maslowska A.D. Sniderman L.D. MacLean Regional differences in triacylglycerol synthesis in adipose tissue and in cultured preadipocytes J Lipid Res 34 1993 219
102. R.K. Mattu E.W.A. Needham R. Morgan DNA variants at the LPL gene locus associate with angiographically defined severity of atherosclerosis and serum lipoprotein levels in a Welsh population Arterioscler Thromb 14 1994 1090
103. 2-adrenoceptor binding sites in human fat cells from various deposits: Functional consequences Eur J Clin Invest 17 1987 156
104. P. Mauriège A. Marette C. Atgie Regional variation in adipose tissue metabolism of severely obese premenopausal women J Lipid Res 36 1995 672
105. P. Mauriège D. Prud'homme S. Lemieux Regional differences in adipose tissue lipolysis from lean and obese women: Existence of postreceptor alterations Am J Physiol 269 1995 E341
106. K.M. McGowan S.D. Long P.H. Pekala Glucose transporter gene expression: Regulation of transcription and mRNA stability Pharmacol Ther 66 1995 465
107. S.A. Melki N.A. Abumrad Glycerolipid synthesis in isolated adipocytes: Substrate dependence and influence of norepinephrine J Lipid Res 33 1992 669
108. S. Misra K. Sakamoto N. Moustaid Localization of sequences for the basal and insulin-like growth factor-I inducible activity of the fatty acid synthase promoter in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts Biochem J 298 1994 575
109. T. Mizutani Y. Nishikawa H. Adachi Identification of estrogen receptor in human adipose tissue and adipocytes J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78 1994 950
110. C.L. Morin I.R. Schlaepfer R.H. Eckel Tumor necrosis factor-alpha eliminates binding of NF-Y and an octamer-binding protein to the lipoprotein lipase promoter in 3T3-L1 adipocytes J Clin Invest 95 1995 1684
111. N. Moustaid R.S. Beyer H.S. Sul Identification of an insulin response element in the fatty aid synthase promoter J Biol Chem 269 1994 5629
112. T. Murase N. Yamada N. Ohsawa Decline of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase in acromegalic patients Metab Clin Exp 29 1980 666
113. F. Nantel S. Marullo S. Krief Cell-specific downregulation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor J Biol Chem 269 1994 13148
114. P. Nilsson-Ehle S. Carlstrom P. Belfrage Rapid effects on lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of humans after carbohydrate and lipid intake: Time course and relation to plasma glycerol, triglyceride, insulin levels Scand J Clin Lab Invest 35 1975 373
115. N. Oda A. Nakai T. Mokuno Dexamethasone-induced changes in glucose transporter 4 in rat heart muscle, skeletal muscle and adipocytes Eur J Endocrinol 133 1995 121
116. H. Ogiwara T. Tanabe J. Nikawa Inhibition of rat liver acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase by palmitoyl CoA: Formation of equimolar enzyme-inhibitor complex Eur J Biochem 89 1978 33
117. J.J. Ohisalo Effects of adenosine on lipolysis in human subcutaneous fat cells J Clin Endocrinol Metab 52 1981 359
118. T. Olivecrona G. Liu M. Hultin Regulation of lipoprotein lipase Biochem Soc Trans 21 1993 509
119. J.M. Ong B. Saffari R.B. Simsolo Epinephrine inhibits lipoprotein lipase gene expression in rat adipocytes through multiple steps in posttranscriptional processing Mol Endocrinol 6 1992 61
120. J.M. Ong P.A. Kern Effect of feeding and obesity on lipoprotein lipase activity, immunoreactive protein, and messenger RNA levels in human adipose tissue J Clin Invest 84 1989 305
121. M. Ottosson P. Marin K. Karason Blockade of the glucocorticoid receptor with RU486: Effects in vitro and in vivo on human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity Obes Res 3 1995 233
122. M. Ottosson K. Vikman-Adolfsson S. Enerback Growth hormone inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity in human adipose tissue J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 1995 936
123. M. Ottosson K. Vikman-Adolfsson S. Enerback The effects of cortisol on the regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in human adipose tissue J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79 1995 820
124. K. Park K.H. Kim The site of cAMP action in the insulin induction of gene expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is AP-2 J Biol Chem 268 1993 17811
125. O. Pedersen C.R. Kahn J.S. Flier High fat feeding causes insulin resistance and a marked decrease in the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT4) in fat cells of rats Endocrinology 129 1991 771
126. O. Pedersen C.R. Kahn B.B. Kahn Divergent regulation of the Glut 1 and Glut 4 glucose transporters in isolated adipocytes from Zucker rats J Clin Invest 89 1992 1964
127. J. Peterson B.E. Bihain G. Bengtsson-Olivecrona Fatty acid control of lipoprotein lipase: A link between energy metabolism and lipid transport Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 1990 909
128. M.A. Pfeifer J.D. Brunzell J.D. Best The response of plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipoprotein lipase to treatment in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects without familial hypertriglyceridemia Diabetes 32 1975 525
129. I. Posner J. DeSanctis Kinetics of product inhibition and mechanisms of lipoprotein lipase activation by apolipoprotein C-II Biochemistry 26 1987 3711
130. O.J. Pykalisto P.H. Smith J.D. Brunzell Determinants of human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase: Effect of diabetes and obesity on basal- and diet-induced activity J Clin Invest 56 1975 1108
131. T. Raclot E. Mioskowski A.C. Bach Selectivity of fatty acid mobilization: A general metabolic feature of adipose tissue Am J Physiol 269 1995 R1060
132. G. Ranganathan J.M. Ong A. Yukht Tissue-specific expression of human lipoprotein lipase: Effect of the 3′-untranslated region on the translation J Biol Chem 270 1995 7149
133. M.V. Raynolds P.D. Awald D.F. Gordon Lipoprotein lipase gene expression in rat adipocytes is regulated by isoproterenol and insulin through different mechanism Mol Endocrinol 4 1990 1416
134. M. Rebuffe-Scrive M. Krotkiewski J. Elfverson Muscle and adipose tissue morphology and metabolism in Cushing's syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67 1988 1112
135. A.E. Renold G.F. Cahill Adipose tissue Handbook of Physiology 1965 American Physiological Society Washington, DC
136. 2-adrenoceptors Diabetologia 37 1994 428
137. S. Reynisdottir K. Ellerfeldt H. Wahrenberg Multiple lipolysis defects in the insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome J Clin Invest 93 1994 2590
138. 2 and prostacyclin in rat and human adipocytes Biochem J 247 1987 389
139. 2 action and binding in human adipocytes: Effects of sex, age and obesity Metabolism 37 1988 268
140. B. Richelsen Release and effects of prostaglandins in adipose tissue Prostaglandins 47 1992 171
141. 2 formation in adipocytes Mol Cell Endocrinol 85 1992 73
142. B. Richelsen S.B. Pedersen J.D. Borglum Growth hormone treatment of obese women for 5 wk: Effect on body composition and adipose tissue LPL activity Am J Physiol 266 1994 E211
143. G.V. Richieri R.T. Ogata A.M. Kleinfeld Thermodynamics of fatty acid binding to fatty acid-binding proteins and fatty acid partition between water and membranes measured using the fluorescent probe ADIFAB J Biol Chem 270 1995 15076
144. V. Rolland I. Dugail X. Le Liepvre Evidence of increased glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthetase promoter activities in transiently transfected adipocytes from genetically obese rats J Biol Chem 270 1995 1102
145. D. Rosenbaum R.S. Haber A. Dunaif Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: Decreased expression of GLUT-4 glucose transporters in adipocytes Am J Physiol 264 1993 E197
146. C.N. Sadur R.H. Eckel Insulin stimulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase: Use of the euglycemic clamp technique J Clin Invest 69 1982 1119
147. E.D. Saggerson Hormonal regulation of biosynthetic activities in white adipose tissue A. Cryer R.L.R. Van New Perspectives in Adipose Tissue: Structure, Function and Development 1985 Butterworths London 87
148. S. Santamarina-Fojo H.B. Brewer Lipoprotein lipase: Structure, function and mechanism of action Int J Clin Lab Res 24 1994 143
149. A. Sasaki P. Sivaram I.J. Goldberg Lipoprotein lipase binding to adipocytes: Evidence for the presence of a heparin-sensitive binding protein Am J Physiol 265 1993 E880
150. U. Saxena L.D. Witte I.J. Goldberg Release of endothelial cell lipoprotein lipase by plasma lipoproteins and free fatty acids J Biol Chem 264 1989 4349
151. R. Savard Y. Deshaies J.P. Després Lipogenesis and lipoprotein lipase in human adipose tissue: Reproducibility of measurements and relationships with fat cell size Can J Physiol Pharmacol 62 1984 1448
152. J.E. Schaffer H.F. Lodish Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein Cell 79 1994 427
153. E. Schrago T. Spennetta E. Gordon Fatty acid synthesis in human adipose tissue J Biol Chem 244 1969 2761
154. R.A. Schwartz J.D. Brunzell Increase of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity with weight loss J Clin Invest 67 1981 1425
155. W. Schwieterman D. Sorrentino B.J. Potter Uptake of oleate by isolated rat adipocytes is mediated by a 40-kDa plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein closely related to that in liver and gut Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 1988 359
156. J. Seidell P. Bjorntorp L. Sjostrom Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels Metabolism 39 1990 897
157. R.L. Seip T.J. Angelopoulos C.F. Semenkovich Exercise induces human lipoprotein lipase gene expression in skeletal muscle but not adipose tissue Am J Physiol 268 1995 E229
158. R.B. Simsolo J.M. Ong B. Saffari Effect of improved diabetes control on the expression of lipoprotein lipase in human adipose tissue J Lipid Res 33 1992 89
159. M.K. Sinha C. Raineri-Maldonado C. Buchanan Adipose tissue glucose transporters in NIDDM: Decreased levels of muscle/fat isoform Diabetes 40 1991 472
160. B.G. Slavin J.M. Ong P.A. Kern Hormonal regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase activity and mRNA levels in isolated rat adipocytes J Lipid Res 35 1994 1535
161. C.J. Smith V. Vasta E. Deggerman Hormone-sensitive cyclic GMP-inhibited cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in rat adipocytes: Regulation of insulin- and cAMP-dependent activation by phosphorylation J Biol Chem 266 1991 13385
162. D.K. Snyder L.E. Underwood D.R. Clemmons Persistent lipolytic effect of exogenous growth hormone during caloric restriction Am J Med 98 1995 129
163. S.R. Sooranna E.D. Saggerson Studies on the role of insulin in the regulation of glyceride synthesis in rat epididymal adipose tissue Biochem J 150 1975 441
164. R.S. Sparkes S. Zollman I. Klisak Human genes involved in lipolysis of plasma lipoproteins: Mapping of loci for lipoprotein lipase to 8p22 and hepatic lipase to 5q21 Genomics 1 1987 138
165. P. Strålfors P. Björgell P. Belfrage Hormonal regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase in intact adipocytes: Identification of phosphorylated sites and effects on the phosphorylation by lipolytic hormones and insulin Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 1984 3317
166. C. Sztalryd F.B. Kraemer Regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase during fasting Am J Physiol 266 1994 E179
167. C. Sztalryd F.B. Kraemer Differences in hormone-sensitive lipase expression in white adipose tissue from various anatomic locations of the rat Metabolism 43 1994 241
168. H.J. Tae X. Luo K.H. Kim Roles of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein and its binding site on repression and depression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene J Biol Chem 269 1994 10475
169. H.J. Tae S. Zhang K.H. Kim cAMP activation of CAAT enhancer binding protein β gene expression and promoter I of acetyl-CoA carboxylase J Biol Chem 270 1995 21487
170. M.R. Taskinen E.A. Nikkila Lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in insulin-deficient human diabetes: Relation to high density and very-low density lipoproteins and response to treatment Diabetologia 17 1979 351
171. H. Tornqvist P. Belfrage Purification and some properties of a monoacylglycerol hydrolyzing enzyme of rat adipose tissue J Biol Chem 251 1976 813
172. B.L. Trigatti D. Mangroo G.E. Gerber Photoaffinity labeling and fatty acid permeation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes J Biol Chem 266 1991 22621
173. P. Valet M. Berlan M. Beauville Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY inhibit lipolysis in human and dog fat cells through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein J Clin Invest 85 1990 291
174. A. Vancura D. Haldar Purification and characterization of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver mitochondria J Biol Chem 269 1994 27209
175. R.G. Vernon R.A. Clegg The metabolism of white adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro A. Cryer R.L.R. Van New Perspectives in Adipose Tissue: Structure, Function and Development 1985 Butterworths London 65
176. M.C. Vohl B. Lamarche P. Moorjanis The lipoprotein lipase Hind III polymorphism modulates plasma triglyceride levels in visceral obesity Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 15 1995 714
177. H. Wahrenberg F. Lönnqvist P. Arner Mechanisms underlying regional differences in lipolysis in human adipose tissue J Clin Invest 84 1989 458
178. K.L. Wion T.G. Kirchgessner A.J. Lusis Human lipoprotein lipase complementary DNA sequence Science 235 1987 1638
179. M.G. Wootan J. Storch Regulation of fluorescent fatty acid transfer from adipocyte and heart fatty acid binding proteins by acceptor membrane lipid composition and structure J Biol Chem 269 1994 10517
180. J. Yang G.D. Holman Comparison of GLUT4 and GLUT1 subcellular trafficking in basal and insulin-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells J Biol Chem 268 1993 4600
181. S.J. Yeaman G.M. Smith C.A. Jepson The multifunctional role of hormone sensitive lipase in lipid metabolism Adv Enzyme Regul 34 1994 355
182. A. Yukht R.C. Davis J.M. Ong Regulation of lipoprotein lipase translation by epinephrine in 3T3-L1 cells: Importance of the 3′ untranslated region J Clin Invest 96 1995 2438
183. S.L. Zhou D. Stump D. Sorentino Adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells involves augmented expression of a 43-kDa plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein J Biol Chem 267 1992 14456
184. A. Zorzano W. Wilkinson N. Kotliar Insulin-regulated glucose uptake in rat adipocytes is mediated by two transporter isoforms present in at least vesicle populations J Biol Chem 264 1989 12358