The process of sex segregation in a gender-typed field: The case of male nurses

Sociological Perspectives

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 259-279

  Kmec, Julie A ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Gender typed occupation; Nursing; Sex segregation

Indexed keywords

EID: 45449116565     PISSN: 07311214     EISSN: 15338673     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/sop.2008.51.2.259     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Acker, Joan. 1990. "Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations." Gender & Society 4: 139-58.
2. Allison, Paul D. 2000. Missing Data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
3. Allmendinger, Jutta and J. Richard Hackman. 1995. "The More, the Better? A Four-Nation Study of the Inclusion of Women in Symphony Orchestras." Social Forces 74: 423-60.
4. American Hospital Association 2003. "Annual Survey." Retrieved October 1, 2005, from http://www.statehealthfacts.org
5. Baron, James N. 1984 "Organizational Perspectives on Stratification." Annual Review of Sociology 10: 37-69.
6. Bendick, Mark, M. L. Egan, and S. M. Lofhjelm. 1998. The Documentation and Evaluation of Anti-Discrimination Training in the United States. Conditions of Work Branch, International Labour Office, Geneva, International Migration Papers, 29.
7. Bradley, Harriet. 1993. "Across the Great Divide: The Entry of Men into 'Women's Jobs.'" Pp. 10-27 in Doing "Women's Work": Men in Nontraditional Occupations, edited by C. Williams. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
8. Britton, Dana. 2000. "The Epistemology of the Gendered Organization." Gender & Society 14:418-34.
9. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1982. "Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey: A Databook, September, Bulletin 2096." Washington, DC: Author.
10. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2002. "Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey: A Databook, September, Bulletin 2056." Washington, DC: Author.
11. Burton, Clare. 1991. The Promise and the Price: The Struggle for Equal Opportunity in Women's Employment. North Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
12. Cejka, Mary Ann and Alice H. Eagly. 1999. "Gender-Stereotypic images of Occupations Correspond to the Sex Segregation of Employment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25: 413-23.
13. England, Paula. 1992. Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. New York: Aldine.
14. England, Paula. Michelle Budig, and Nancy Folbre. 2002. "Wages of Virtue: The Relative Pay of Care Wark." Social Problems 49: 455-73.
15. Floge, Liliane, and Deborah M. Merrill. 1986. "Tokenism Reconsidered: Male Nurses and Female Physicians in a Hospital Setting." Social Forces 64: 925-47.
16. Grodsky Eric and Devah Pager. 2001. "The Structure of Disadvantage: Individual and Occupational Determinants of the Black-White Wage Gap." American Sociological Review 66: 542-67.
17. Health Care Personnel Shortage Task Force. 2002. Health Personnel Task Force: Crisis or Opportunity? Olympia, WA: Workforce and Training Education Coordinating Board.
18. Heilman, Madeline, E. 1983 "Sex Bias in Work Settings: The Lack of Fit Model." Research in Organizational Behavior 5: 269-98.
19. Heilman, Madeline, E. 1984. "Information as a Deterrent against Sex Discrimination: The Effects of Applicant Sex and Information Type on Preliminary Employment Decisions." Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 33: 164-86.
20. Heilman, Madeline, E. 1995. "Sex Stereotypes: Do They Influence Perceptions of Managers?" Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 10: 237-52.
21. Heilman, Madeline, E. and Richard F. Martell. 1986. "Exposure to Successful Women: Antidote to Sex Discrimination in Applicant Screening Decisions." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 37: 376-90.
22. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 2006. Retrieved April 3, 2006, from, http://www.jointcommission.org
23. Joint Commission Public Policy Initiative. 2002. Health Care at the Crossroads: Strategies for Addressing the Evolving Nursing Crisis. Washington, DC: Author.
24. Kelly, Erin and Frank Dobbin. 1999. "Civil Rights Law at Work: Sex Discrimination and the Rise of Maternity Leave Policies." American Journal of Sociology 105: 455-92.
25. Kmec, Julie A. 2005. "Setting Occupational Sex Segregation in Motion: Demand-Side Explanations of Sex Traditional Employment." Work and Occupations 32: 322-54.
26. Lawton, Wendy 2002. "Hey, Fellas: Operation Tries to Get Guys into Nursing." The Oregonian. Retrieved March 15, 2005, from http://www.oregoncenterfornursing.org/about/ocnnews/heyfellas.html
27. Levinson, Richard. 1975. "Sex Discrimination and Employment Practice: An Experiment with Unconventional Job Inquiries." Social Problems 22: 533-43.
28. Liao, Tim F. 1994. Interpreting Probability Models: Logit, Probit, and Other Generalized Linear Models. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
29. Long, J. Scott. 1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30. Marsden, Peter V. 1994. "The Hiring Process: Recruitment Methods." American Behavioral Scientist 37: 979-91.
31. Marsden, Peter V. 1996. "The Staffing Process: Recruitment and Selection Methods." Pp. 133-56 in Organizations in America, edited by A. L. Kalleberg, P. V. Marsden, H. E. Aldrich, and J. W. Cassell. New York: Russell Sage.
32. Marsden, Peter V. and Elizabeth H. Gorman. 2001. "Social Networks, Job Changes, and Recruitment." Pp. 467-502 in Sourcebook for Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes, edited by I. Berg and A. L. Kalleberg. New York: Kluwer.
33. McPherson, Miller, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James Cook. 2001. "Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks." Annual Review of Sociology 27: 415-44.
34. Mencken, F. Carson and Idee Winfield. 1999. "Employer Recruiting and the Gender Composition of Jobs." Sociological Focus 32: 201-19.
35. Moss, Philip and Chris Tilly. 2001. Stories Employers Tell: Race, Skill and Hiring in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
36. Okamoto, Dina and Paula England. 1999. "Is There a Supply Side to Occupational Segregation?" Sociological Perspectives 42: 557-582.
37. Oregon Health Workforce Project. 2002. Registered Nurse Workforce 2002: A Sourcebook. Portland: Oregon Health & Science University.
38. Perry, Elizabeth L., Alison Davis-Blake, and Carol T. Kulik. 1994. "Explaining Gender-Based Selection Decisions: A Synthesis of Contextual and Cognitive Approaches." The Academy of Management Review 19: 786-820.
39. Petersen, Trond, Ishak Saporta, and Marc-David Seidel. 2000. "Offering a Job: Meritocracy and Social Networks." American Journal of Sociology 106: 763-816.
40. Pfeffer, Jeffrey and Alison Davis-Blake. 1987. "The Effect of the Proportion of Women on Salaries: The Case of College Administrators." Administrative Science Quarterly 32: 1-24.
41. Pierce, Jennifer. 1995. Gender Trials: Emotional Lives in Contemporary Law Firms. Berkeley: University of California Press.
42. Reskin, Barbara F. 2002. "Rethinking Employment Discrimination and its Remedies." Pp. 218-44 in The New Economic Sociology: Developments in an Emerging Field, edited by M. Guillen, R. Collins, P. England, and M. Meyer. New York Russell Sage.
43. Reskin, Barbara F. 2003. "Including Mechanisms in our Models of Ascriptive Inequality." American Sociological Review 68:1-21.
44. Reskin, Barbara F. and Denise D. Bielby. 2005. "A Sociological Perspective on Gender and Career Outcomes." Journal of Economic Perspectives 19: 71-86.
45. Reskin, Barbara F. and Debra B. McBrier. 2000. "Why Not Ascription? Organizations' Employment of Male and Female Managers." American Sociological Review 65: 210-23.
46. Reskin, Barbara F. and Patricia A. Roos. 1990. Job Queues, Gender Queues: Explaining Women's Inroads into Male Occupations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
47. Ridgeway, Cecilia L. 1993. "Gender, Status, and the Social Psychology of Expectations." Pp. 175-98 in Theory on Gender/Feminism on Theory edited by P. England. New York: Aldine.
48. Ridgeway, Cecilia L. 1997. "Interaction and the Conservation of Gender Inequality: Considering Employment." American Sociological Review 62: 218-35.
49. Ridgeway, Cecilia L. and Shelley Correll. 2004. "Unpacking the Gender System: A Theoretical Perspective on Gender Beliefs and Social Relations." Gender & Society 18: 510-31.
50. Roncek, Dennis W. 1992. "Learning More from Tobit Coefficients: Extending a Comparative Analysis of Political Protest." American Sociological Review 57: 503-7.
51. Roos, Patricia A. and Patricia A. McDaniel. 1996. "Are Occupations Gendered? Evidence from Census Microdata, 1970 to 1990." Unpublished manuscript, Rutgers University.
52. Rotolo, Thomas and John Wilson. 2004. "What Happened to the 'Long Civic Generation'? Explaining Cohort Differences in Volunteerism." Social Forces 82: 1091-121.
53. Salancik, Gerald R. and Jeffrey Pfeffer. 1978. "Uncertainty, Secrecy, and the Choice of Similar Others." Social Psychology 41: 246-55.
54. Spratley, Ernell, Ayah Johnson, Julie Sochalski, Marshall Fritz, and William Spencer. 2000. "The Registered Nurse Population: Findings from the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses." Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Service Administration.
55. Sturm, Susan. 2001. "Second Generation Employment Discrimination." Columbia Law Review 101: 458-568.
56. Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald. 1993. Gender and Racial Inequality at Work: The Sources and Consequences of Job Segregation. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
57. Torres, Lisa V., Matt Huffman, and Steven Velasco. 1998. "Comment on Patricia Drentea's 'Consequences of Women's Formal and Informal Job Search Methods for Employment in Female-Dominated Jobs.'" Gender and Society 12: 466-68.
58. United States Census Bureau. 2005. "EEO Residence Data Results for total US: Registered Nurses." Retrieved July 15, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/broker
59. United States Department of Labor. 2005. "Chart 8. Occupations with the Largest Numerical Increases in Employment, Projected 2002-2012." Retrieved June 20, 2005, from http://www.bls.gov/oco/images/ocotjc08.gif
60. Washington State Hospital Association. 2005. "Washington Hospitals: Basic Facts." Retrieved September 30, 2005, from http://www.wsha.org/fastfacts.htm
61. Williams, Christine. 1989. Gender Differences at Work: Women and Men in Nontraditional Occupations. Berkeley: University of California Press.
62. Williams, Christine. 1992. "The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the 'Female' Professions." Social Problems 39: 253-67.
63. Williams, Christine. 1995. Still a Man's World: Men Who Do 'Women's Work.' Berkeley: University of California Press.