메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 455-492

Civil rights law at work: Sex discrimination and the rise of maternity leave policies 1

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033196562     PISSN: 00029602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/210317     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (191)

References (106)
  • 2
    • 0009161977 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the effect of an antidis-crimination program
    • edited by Orley Ashenfelter and James Blum. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Industrial Relations Section
    • Ashenfelter, Orley, and James Heckman. 1976. "Measuring the Effect of an Antidis-crimination Program." Pp. 46-84 in Evaluating the Labor Market Effects of Social Programs, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and James Blum. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Industrial Relations Section.
    • (1976) Evaluating the Labor Market Effects of Social Programs , pp. 46-84
    • Ashenfelter, O.1    Heckman, J.2
  • 3
    • 84936628654 scopus 로고
    • War and peace: The evolution of modern personnel administration in U.S. Industry
    • Baron, James N., Frank R. Dobbin, and P. Devereaux Jennings. 1986. "War and Peace: The Evolution of Modern Personnel Administration in U.S. Industry." American Journal of Sociology 92:350-83.
    • (1986) American Journal of Sociology , vol.92 , pp. 350-383
    • Baron, J.N.1    Dobbin, F.R.2    Jennings, P.D.3
  • 4
    • 84928837669 scopus 로고
    • Mission control? the development of personnel systems in U.S. Industry
    • Baron, James N., P. Devereaux Jennings, and Frank R. Dobbin. 1988. "Mission Control? The Development of Personnel Systems in U.S. Industry." American Sociological Review 53:497-514.
    • (1988) American Sociological Review , vol.53 , pp. 497-514
    • Baron, J.N.1    Jennings, P.D.2    Dobbin, F.R.3
  • 5
    • 84950965048 scopus 로고
    • Many companies revising maternity leave policies
    • December 10
    • Bender, Marilyn. 1973. "Many Companies Revising Maternity Leave Policies." New York Times, December 10, pp. 61-62.
    • (1973) New York Times , pp. 61-62
    • Bender, M.1
  • 9
    • 0009246047 scopus 로고
    • Paid leave and leave of absence policies
    • Washington, D.C.: BNA
    • -. 1975. "Paid Leave and Leave of Absence Policies." Personnel Policies Forum, Survey No. 111. Washington, D.C.: BNA.
    • (1975) Personnel Policies Forum, Survey , vol.111
  • 11
    • 84936824383 scopus 로고
    • Equal employment opportunity and the mobilization of law
    • Burstein, Paul, and Kathleen Monaghan. 1986. "Equal Employment Opportunity and the Mobilization of Law." Law and Society Review 16:355-88.
    • (1986) Law and Society Review , vol.16 , pp. 355-388
    • Burstein, P.1    Monaghan, K.2
  • 12
    • 84936628308 scopus 로고
    • Social-scientific and legal challenges to education and test requirements in employment
    • Burstein, Paul, and Susan Pitchford. 1990. "Social-Scientific and Legal Challenges to Education and Test Requirements in Employment." Social Problems 37:243-57.
    • (1990) Social Problems , vol.37 , pp. 243-257
    • Burstein, P.1    Pitchford, S.2
  • 13
    • 0009233385 scopus 로고
    • A pregnancy ruling that could cost $1.6 billion
    • November 29
    • Business Week. 1976. "A Pregnancy Ruling that Could Cost $1.6 Billion." November 29, p. 41.
    • (1976) Business Week , pp. 41
  • 14
    • 0009164023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California Government Code 12945. Dayton, Ohio: Lexis Law Publishing
    • California Government Code 12945. 1998. Deering's California Codes Annotated. Dayton, Ohio: Lexis Law Publishing.
    • (1998) Deering's California Codes Annotated
  • 15
    • 0009164023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California Unemployment Insurance Code 2626. Dayton, Ohio: Lexis Law Publishing
    • California Unemployment Insurance Code 2626. 1998. Deering's California Codes Annotated. Dayton, Ohio: Lexis Law Publishing.
    • (1998) Deering's California Codes Annotated
  • 17
    • 4243898414 scopus 로고
    • Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
    • Citizens' Advisory Council on the Status of Women. 1971. Women in 1970. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
    • (1971) Women in 1970
  • 18
    • 4243886910 scopus 로고
    • Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
    • -. 1973. Women in 1972. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
    • (1973) Women in 1972
  • 20
    • 0000953669 scopus 로고
    • The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields
    • DiMaggio, Paul J., and Walter W. Powell. 1983. "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields." American Sociological Review 35:147-60.
    • (1983) American Sociological Review , vol.35 , pp. 147-160
    • DiMaggio, P.J.1    Powell, W.W.2
  • 22
    • 0032283924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The strength of a weak state: The employment rights revolution and the rise of human resources management divisions
    • Dobbin, Frank, and John R. Sutton. 1998. "The Strength of a Weak State: The Employment Rights Revolution and the Rise of Human Resources Management Divisions." American Journal of Sociology 104:441-76.
    • (1998) American Journal of Sociology , vol.104 , pp. 441-476
    • Dobbin, F.1    Sutton, J.R.2
  • 23
    • 0027726931 scopus 로고
    • Equal opportunity law and the construction of internal labor markets
    • Dobbin, Frank, John R. Sutton, John W. Meyer, and W. Richard Scott. 1993. "Equal Opportunity Law and the Construction of Internal Labor Markets." American Journal of Sociology 99:396-427.
    • (1993) American Journal of Sociology , vol.99 , pp. 396-427
    • Dobbin, F.1    Sutton, J.R.2    Meyer, J.W.3    Scott, W.R.4
  • 25
    • 0009089550 scopus 로고
    • Sick leave pay still an issue where pregnancy is concerned
    • April 8
    • Dullea, Georgia. 1974. "Sick Leave Pay Still an Issue where Pregnancy Is Concerned." New York Times, April 8, p. 41.
    • (1974) New York Times , pp. 41
    • Dullea, G.1
  • 26
    • 84936823860 scopus 로고
    • Legal environments and organizational governance: The expansion of due process in the American workplace
    • Edelman, Lauren. 1990. "Legal Environments and Organizational Governance: The Expansion of Due Process in the American Workplace." American Journal of Sociology 95:1401-40.
    • (1990) American Journal of Sociology , vol.95 , pp. 1401-1440
    • Edelman, L.1
  • 27
    • 0000094797 scopus 로고
    • Legal ambiguity and symbolic structures: Organizational mediation of civil rights law
    • -. 1992. "Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law." American Journal of Sociology 97:1531-77.
    • (1992) American Journal of Sociology , vol.97 , pp. 1531-1577
  • 28
    • 81255211214 scopus 로고
    • Professional construction of the law: The inflated threat of wrongful discharge
    • Edelman, Lauren B., Steven E. Abraham, and Howard S. Erlanger. 1992. "Professional Construction of the Law: The Inflated Threat of Wrongful Discharge." Law and Society Review 26:47-84.
    • (1992) Law and Society Review , vol.26 , pp. 47-84
    • Edelman, L.B.1    Abraham, S.E.2    Erlanger, H.S.3
  • 29
    • 0009090994 scopus 로고
    • Sex discrimination under title VII: Some unresolved issues
    • July
    • Edwards, Harry T. 1973. "Sex Discrimination under Title VII: Some Unresolved Issues." Labor Law Journal 24 (July): 411-23.
    • (1973) Labor Law Journal , vol.24 , pp. 411-423
    • Edwards, H.T.1
  • 30
    • 0030490056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy discrimination litigation: Legal erosion of capitalist ideology under equal employment opportunity law
    • Edwards, Mark E. 1996. "Pregnancy Discrimination Litigation: Legal Erosion of Capitalist Ideology under Equal Employment Opportunity Law." Social Forces 75:247-69.
    • (1996) Social Forces , vol.75 , pp. 247-269
    • Edwards, M.E.1
  • 33
    • 0009166428 scopus 로고
    • Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
    • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 1966. First Annual Report. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
    • (1966) First Annual Report
  • 35
    • 0001167584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markets as politics: A political-cultural approach to market institutions
    • -. 1996. "Markets as Politics: A Political-Cultural Approach to Market Institutions." American Sociological Review 61:656-74.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.61 , pp. 656-674
  • 36
    • 0001845860 scopus 로고
    • History of maternity leave in Europe and the United States
    • edited by Edward F. Zigler and Meryl Frank. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press
    • Frank, Meryl, and Robyn Lipner. 1988. "History of Maternity Leave in Europe and the United States." Pp. 3-22 in The Parental Leave Crisis, edited by Edward F. Zigler and Meryl Frank. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
    • (1988) The Parental Leave Crisis , pp. 3-22
    • Frank, M.1    Lipner, R.2
  • 37
  • 38
    • 0002596121 scopus 로고
    • The impact of new unionization on wages and working conditions
    • Freeman, Richard B., and Morris M. Kleiner. 1990. "The Impact of New Unionization on Wages and Working Conditions." Journal of Labor Economics 8:S8-S25.
    • (1990) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.8
    • Freeman, R.B.1    Kleiner, M.M.2
  • 39
    • 0009232929 scopus 로고
    • Maternity leave policies under title VII
    • March
    • Fryburger, L. Bruce. 1975. "Maternity Leave Policies under Title VII." Labor Law Journal 26 (March): 163-73.
    • (1975) Labor Law Journal , vol.26 , pp. 163-173
    • Fryburger, L.B.1
  • 40
    • 84965558929 scopus 로고
    • Employer characteristics and the provision of family responsive policies
    • Glass, Jennifer, and Tetsushi Fujimoto. 1995. "Employer Characteristics and the Provision of Family Responsive Policies." Work and Occupations 22 (4): 380-411.
    • (1995) Work and Occupations , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 380-411
    • Glass, J.1    Fujimoto, T.2
  • 41
    • 0002426859 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring costs and occupational segregation by sex: A historical analysis
    • Goldin, Claudia. 1986. "Monitoring Costs and Occupational Segregation by Sex: A Historical Analysis." Journal of Labor Economics 4:1-28.
    • (1986) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.4 , pp. 1-28
    • Goldin, C.1
  • 42
    • 0012183193 scopus 로고
    • Institutional pressures and strategic responsiveness: Employer involvement in work-family issues
    • Goodstein, Jerry D. 1994. "Institutional Pressures and Strategic Responsiveness: Employer Involvement in Work-Family Issues." Academy of Management Journal 37 (2): 350-82.
    • (1994) Academy of Management Journal , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 350-382
    • Goodstein, J.D.1
  • 44
    • 4243830840 scopus 로고
    • Justice and the price of pregnancy; maternity leave: The issue dividing the feminist camp
    • April 5
    • Gorney, Cynthia. 1984. "Justice and the Price of Pregnancy; Maternity Leave: The Issue Dividing the Feminist Camp." Washington Post, April 5, p. D1.
    • (1984) Washington Post
    • Gorney, C.1
  • 45
    • 84936824352 scopus 로고
    • Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness
    • Granovetter, Mark. 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology 91:481-510.
    • (1985) American Journal of Sociology , vol.91 , pp. 481-510
    • Granovetter, M.1
  • 46
    • 0033053391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state, courts, and maternity policies in U.S. Organizations: Specifying institutional mechanisms
    • Guthrie, Doug, and Louise Marie Roth. 1999. "The State, Courts, and Maternity Policies in U.S. Organizations: Specifying Institutional Mechanisms." American Sociological Review 64:41-63.
    • (1999) American Sociological Review , vol.64 , pp. 41-63
    • Guthrie, D.1    Roth, L.M.2
  • 48
    • 0009162528 scopus 로고
    • Women employees seek disability coverage during pregnancy leave
    • December 1
    • Hyatt, James C. 1972. "Women Employees Seek Disability Coverage during Pregnancy Leave." Wall Street Journal, December 1, p. 1.
    • (1972) Wall Street Journal , pp. 1
    • Hyatt, J.C.1
  • 49
    • 0347919702 scopus 로고
    • Institutional and resource dependence determinants of responsiveness to work-family issues
    • Ingram, Paul, and Tal Simons. 1995. "Institutional and Resource Dependence Determinants of Responsiveness to Work-Family Issues." Academy of Management Journal 38:1466-82.
    • (1995) Academy of Management Journal , vol.38 , pp. 1466-1482
    • Ingram, P.1    Simons, T.2
  • 50
    • 0002721570 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intermittent labor force attachment on women's earnings
    • Jacobsen, Joyce P., and Laurence M. Levin. 1995. "Effects of Intermittent Labor Force Attachment on Women's Earnings." Monthly Labor Review 118 (9): 14-19.
    • (1995) Monthly Labor Review , vol.118 , Issue.9 , pp. 14-19
    • Jacobsen, J.P.1    Levin, L.M.2
  • 51
    • 4243251424 scopus 로고
    • Weighing the merits of family-leave act . . . Federal mandate is not the answer
    • May 9
    • Jasinoski, Jerry J. 1991. "Weighing the Merits of Family-Leave Act . . . Federal Mandate Is Not the Answer." St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 9, p. 3C.
    • (1991) St. Louis Post-dispatch
    • Jasinoski, J.J.1
  • 53
    • 0001913321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is bigger better? explaining the relationship between organization size and job rewards
    • Kalleberg, Arne L., and Mark E. Van Buren. 1996. "Is Bigger Better? Explaining the Relationship between Organization Size and Job Rewards." American Sociological Review 61:47-66.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.61 , pp. 47-66
    • Kalleberg, A.L.1    Van Buren, M.E.2
  • 56
    • 0003130318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labor supply effects of state maternity leave legislation
    • edited by Francine D. Blau and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. New York: Russell Sage
    • Klerman, Jacob Alex, and Arleen Leibowitz. 1997. "Labor Supply Effects of State Maternity Leave Legislation." Pp. 65-85 in Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace, edited by Francine D. Blau and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1997) Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace , pp. 65-85
    • Klerman, J.A.1    Leibowitz, A.2
  • 59
    • 0001178402 scopus 로고
    • The impact of affirmative action on employment
    • Leonard, Jonathan S. 1984. "The Impact of Affirmative Action on Employment." Journal of Labor Economics 2:439-63.
    • (1984) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.2 , pp. 439-463
    • Leonard, J.S.1
  • 60
    • 84936628888 scopus 로고
    • Work organization and workforce commitment: A study of plants and employees in the U.S. And japan
    • Lincoln, James R., and Arne L. Kalleberg. 1985. "Work Organization and Workforce Commitment: A Study of Plants and Employees in the U.S. and Japan." American Sociological Review 50:738-60.
    • (1985) American Sociological Review , vol.50 , pp. 738-760
    • Lincoln, J.R.1    Kalleberg, A.L.2
  • 61
    • 0009164677 scopus 로고
    • Rules to bar job bias based on pregnancy
    • Los Angeles Times. April 1, sec. 3
    • Los Angeles Times. 1972. "Rules to Bar Job Bias Based on Pregnancy." Los Angeles Times, April 1, sec. 3, p. 10.
    • (1972) Los Angeles Times , pp. 10
  • 62
    • 0030538687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection for whom? maximum hours laws and women's employment in the United States, 1880-1920
    • McCammon, Holly. 1996. "Protection for Whom? Maximum Hours Laws and Women's Employment in the United States, 1880-1920." Work and Occupations 23:132-64.
    • (1996) Work and Occupations , vol.23 , pp. 132-164
    • McCammon, H.1
  • 64
    • 0345926826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does law matter for social movements?
    • edited by Bryant G. Garth and Austin Sarat. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, American Bar Foundation
    • -. 1998. "How Does Law Matter for Social Movements?" Pp. 76-108 in How Does Law Matter? edited by Bryant G. Garth and Austin Sarat. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, American Bar Foundation.
    • (1998) How Does Law Matter? , pp. 76-108
  • 66
    • 0000057597 scopus 로고
    • Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony
    • Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. 1977. "Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony." American Journal of Sociology 83: 340-63.
    • (1977) American Journal of Sociology , vol.83 , pp. 340-363
    • Meyer, J.W.1    Rowan, B.2
  • 69
    • 0032220448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining organizational responsiveness to work-family issues: The role of human resource executives as issue interpreters
    • Milliken, Frances J., Luis Martins, and Hal Morgan. 1998. "Explaining Organizational Responsiveness to Work-Family Issues: The Role of Human Resource Executives as Issue Interpreters." Academy of Management Journal 5:580-92.
    • (1998) Academy of Management Journal , vol.5 , pp. 580-592
    • Milliken, F.J.1    Martins, L.2    Morgan, H.3
  • 70
    • 0009088965 scopus 로고
    • Court finds g.E. Guilty of sex bias in denial of disability benefits
    • National Underwriter. April 20
    • National Underwriter. 1974. "Court Finds G.E. Guilty of Sex Bias in Denial of Disability Benefits." National Underwriter, April 20, pp. 1-4.
    • (1974) National Underwriter , pp. 1-4
  • 71
    • 0009161983 scopus 로고
    • New Jersey Statutes St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing
    • New Jersey Statutes 43:21-29. 1991. New Jersey Statutes Annotated. St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing.
    • (1991) New Jersey Statutes Annotated , vol.43 , pp. 21-29
  • 72
    • 4243886908 scopus 로고
    • Job unit widens women's rights
    • New York Times. March 31
    • New York Times. 1972. "Job Unit Widens Women's Rights." New York Times, March 31, p. A1.
    • (1972) New York Times
  • 74
    • 21344447919 scopus 로고
    • Work/family programs and the employment relationship
    • Osterman, Paul. 1995. "Work/Family Programs and the Employment Relationship." Administrative Science Quarterly 40:681-700.
    • (1995) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 681-700
    • Osterman, P.1
  • 75
    • 0009246048 scopus 로고
    • Should leaves for new parents be mandatory? Mr. Klein: No concern of government
    • December 29, sec. 4
    • Pear, Robert. 1985. "Should Leaves for New Parents Be Mandatory? Mr. Klein: No Concern of Government." New York Times, December 29, sec. 4, p. 16.
    • (1985) New York Times , pp. 16
    • Pear, R.1
  • 76
    • 0016105831 scopus 로고
    • Theories of economic regulation
    • Posner, Richard A. 1974. "Theories of Economic Regulation." Bell Journal of Economics 5:335-58.
    • (1974) Bell Journal of Economics , vol.5 , pp. 335-358
    • Posner, R.A.1
  • 80
    • 0002240817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental leave policies in Europe and North America
    • edited by Francine D. Blau and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. New York: Russell Sage
    • Ruhm, Christopher J., and Jackqueline L. Teague. 1997. "Parental Leave Policies in Europe and North America." Pp. 133-56 in Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace, edited by Francine D. Blau and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1997) Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace , pp. 133-156
    • Ruhm, C.J.1    Teague, J.L.2
  • 85
    • 0009245167 scopus 로고
    • Maternity policies in industry
    • Silverman, Charlotte. 1943. "Maternity Policies in Industry." The Child 8:20-24.
    • (1943) The Child , vol.8 , pp. 20-24
    • Silverman, C.1
  • 87
    • 0009233386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friends in high places: The women's movement in costain's inviting women's rebellion
    • In press edited by Jeff Goodwin
    • -. In press. "Friends in High Places: The Women's Movement in Costain's Inviting Women's Rebellion." In Opportunistic Protest? edited by Jeff Goodwin.
    • Opportunistic Protest?
  • 88
    • 0002067638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the national organizations study
    • edited by Arne L. Kalleberg, David Knoke, Peter V. Marsden, and Joe L. Spaeth. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage
    • Spaeth, Joe L., and Diana P. O'Rourke. 1996. "Design of the National Organizations Study." Pp. 23-44 in Organizations in America, edited by Arne L. Kalleberg, David Knoke, Peter V. Marsden, and Joe L. Spaeth. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
    • (1996) Organizations in America , pp. 23-44
    • Spaeth, J.L.1    O'Rourke, D.P.2
  • 89
    • 0040238745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polls-trends. Affirmative action and the public, 1970-1995
    • Steeh, Charlotte, and Maria Krysan. 1996. "The Polls-Trends. Affirmative Action and the Public, 1970-1995. Public Opinion Quarterly 60:128-58.
    • (1996) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.60 , pp. 128-158
    • Steeh, C.1    Krysan, M.2
  • 90
    • 85041440705 scopus 로고
    • Social structure and organization
    • edited by James G. March. Chicago: Rand McNally
    • Stinchcombe, Arthur. 1965. "Social Structure and Organization." Pp. 142-93 in Handbook of Industrial Organization, edited by James G. March. Chicago: Rand McNally.
    • (1965) Handbook of Industrial Organization , pp. 142-193
    • Stinchcombe, A.1
  • 91
    • 0030327943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new institutionalism in organizational analysis
    • Suchman, Mark C., and Lauren B. Edelman. 1996. "The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis." Law and Social Inquiry 21:903-41.
    • (1996) Law and Social Inquiry , vol.21 , pp. 903-941
    • Suchman, M.C.1    Edelman, L.B.2
  • 93
    • 0347934819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The APA at fifty: Health-health tradeoffs
    • -. 1996. "The APA at Fifty: Health-Health Tradeoffs." University of Chicago Law Review 63:1533-71.
    • (1996) University of Chicago Law Review , vol.63 , pp. 1533-1571
  • 94
    • 0001622770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two faces of governance: Responses to legal uncertainty in U.S. Firms, 1955 to 1985
    • Sutton, John R., and Frank Dobbin. 1996. "The Two Faces of Governance: Responses to Legal Uncertainty in U.S. Firms, 1955 to 1985." American Sociological Review 61:794-811.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.61 , pp. 794-811
    • Sutton, J.R.1    Dobbin, F.2
  • 96
    • 0009246049 scopus 로고
    • Solidarity or segmentation: Employer strategies and labor supply in Sweden and the United States
    • New Orleans, June
    • Swenson, Peter. 1992. "Solidarity or Segmentation: Employer Strategies and Labor Supply in Sweden and the United States." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association, New Orleans, June.
    • (1992) Annual Meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association
    • Swenson, P.1
  • 97
    • 84937297283 scopus 로고
    • White backlash to workplace affirmative action: Peril or myth
    • Taylor, Marylee. 1995. "White Backlash to Workplace Affirmative Action: Peril or Myth." Social Forces 73:1385-1414.
    • (1995) Social Forces , vol.73 , pp. 1385-1414
    • Taylor, M.1
  • 98
    • 36248993322 scopus 로고
    • United States Code 42: 2000e(k). St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing
    • United States Code 42: 2000e(k). 1994. United States Code Annotated. St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing.
    • (1994) United States Code Annotated
  • 99
    • 4243251423 scopus 로고
    • Maternity-leave law found illegal by judge
    • March 22
    • UPI (United Press International). 1984. "Maternity-Leave Law Found Illegal by Judge." New York Times, March 22, p. C5.
    • (1984) New York Times
  • 101
    • 0002917678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working mothers then and now: A cross-cohort analysis of the effects of maternity leave on women's pay
    • edited by Francine D. Blau and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. New York: Russell Sage
    • Waldfogel, Jane. 1997. "Working Mothers Then and Now: A Cross-Cohort Analysis of the Effects of Maternity Leave on Women's Pay." Pp. 92-126 in Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace, edited by Francine D. Blau and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1997) Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace , pp. 92-126
    • Waldfogel, J.1
  • 102
    • 0009246327 scopus 로고
    • EEOC declares illegal employer policies that discriminate on the basis of pregnancy
    • Wall Street Journal. April 3
    • Wall Street Journal. 1972. "EEOC Declares Illegal Employer Policies That Discriminate on the Basis of Pregnancy." Wall Street Journal, April 3, p. 6.
    • (1972) Wall Street Journal , pp. 6
  • 103
    • 0009166675 scopus 로고
    • Sex discrimination and the impact of title VII
    • March
    • Walsh, Ethel Bent. 1974. "Sex Discrimination and the Impact of Title VII." Labor Law Journal 25 (March): 150-54.
    • (1974) Labor Law Journal , vol.25 , pp. 150-154
    • Walsh, E.B.1
  • 104
    • 4243235856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Campaign '96: Transcript of the second presidential debate
    • Washington Post. October 17
    • Washington Post. 1996. "Campaign '96: Transcript of the Second Presidential Debate." Washington Post, October 17, p. A12.
    • (1996) Washington Post
  • 105
  • 106
    • 84881832826 scopus 로고
    • The economics of organization: The transaction cost approach
    • Williamson, Oliver. 1981. "The Economics of Organization: The Transaction Cost Approach." American Journal of Sociology 87:548-77.
    • (1981) American Journal of Sociology , vol.87 , pp. 548-577
    • Williamson, O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.