메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 493-500

Bacterial colonization and the development of intestinal defences

Author keywords

Bacterial epithelial 'cross talk'; Inflammatory bowel disease; Innate immunity; Intestinal allergy; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Toll like receptors

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL ANTIGEN; CD4 ANTIGEN; IMIDAZOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; PROBIOTIC AGENT; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 1; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 3; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 5; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 6; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 7; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9;

EID: 4544326737     PISSN: 08357900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2004/690421     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (81)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0029863108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of immune function within the human intestine and its role in neonatal diseases
    • Insoft RM, Sanderson IR, Walker WA. Development of immune function within the human intestine and its role in neonatal diseases. Pediatr Clin North Am 1996;43:551-71.
    • (1996) Pediatr. Clin. North Am. , vol.43 , pp. 551-571
    • Insoft, R.M.1    Sanderson, I.R.2    Walker, W.A.3
  • 2
    • 0037867722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial-enterocyte crosstalk: Cellular mechanisms in health and disease
    • Kohler H, McCormick BA, Walker A. Bacterial-enterocyte crosstalk: Cellular mechanisms in health and disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;36:175-85.
    • (2003) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. , vol.36 , pp. 175-185
    • Kohler, H.1    McCormick, B.A.2    Walker, A.3
  • 3
    • 0020562186 scopus 로고
    • Development and differences of intestinal flora in the neonatal period in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants
    • Yoshioka H, Iseki, K, Fujita K. Development and differences of intestinal flora in the neonatal period in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. Pediatrics 1983;72:317-21.
    • (1983) Pediatrics , vol.72 , pp. 317-321
    • Yoshioka, H.1    Iseki, K.2    Fujita, K.3
  • 4
    • 0023687225 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the gastrointestinal microflora on induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in C3H/HeJ mice
    • Moreau MC, Corthier G. Effect of the gastrointestinal microflora on induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in C3H/HeJ mice. Infect Immun 1988;56:2766-8.
    • (1988) Infect. Immun. , vol.56 , pp. 2766-2768
    • Moreau, M.C.1    Corthier, G.2
  • 5
    • 0029975350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of anti-CD3 antibody-induced IL-4 production by bovine caseins hydrolysed with Lactobacillus GG-derived enzymes
    • Sutas Y, Hurme M, Isolauri E. Down-regulation of anti-CD3 antibody-induced IL-4 production by bovine caseins hydrolysed with Lactobacillus GG-derived enzymes. Scand J Immunol 1996;43:687-9.
    • (1996) Scand. J. Immunol. , vol.43 , pp. 687-689
    • Sutas, Y.1    Hurme, M.2    Isolauri, E.3
  • 6
    • 0018092512 scopus 로고
    • Increase in the population of duodenal immunoglobulin A plasmocytes in axenic mice associated with different living or dead bacterial strains of intestinal origin
    • Moreau MC, Ducluzeau R, Guy-Grand D, Muller MC. Increase in the population of duodenal immunoglobulin A plasmocytes in axenic mice associated with different living or dead bacterial strains of intestinal origin. Infect Immun 1987;21:532-9.
    • (1987) Infect. Immun. , vol.21 , pp. 532-539
    • Moreau, M.C.1    Ducluzeau, R.2    Guy-Grand, D.3    Muller, M.C.4
  • 7
    • 0033004028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmented filamentous bacteria are potent stimuli of a physiologically normal state of the murine gut mucosal immune system
    • Talham GL, Jiang HQ, Bos NA, Cebra JJ. Segmented filamentous bacteria are potent stimuli of a physiologically normal state of the murine gut mucosal immune system. Infect Immum 1999;67:1992-2000.
    • (1999) Infect. Immum. , vol.67 , pp. 1992-2000
    • Talham, G.L.1    Jiang, H.Q.2    Bos, N.A.3    Cebra, J.J.4
  • 9
    • 0034039543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nutrients and bacterial colonization in the development of intestinal host defense
    • Walker WA. Role of nutrients and bacterial colonization in the development of intestinal host defense. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;30(Suppl 2):S2-7.
    • (2000) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Walker, W.A.1
  • 10
    • 0024535961 scopus 로고
    • In vivo modulation of cytolytic activity and Thy-1 expression in TCR-gamma delta+intraepithelial lymphocytes
    • Lefrancois L, Goodman T. In vivo modulation of cytolytic activity and Thy-1 expression in TCR-gamma delta+intraepithelial lymphocytes. Science 1989;243:1716-8.
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 1716-1718
    • Lefrancois, L.1    Goodman, T.2
  • 11
    • 0037438711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial colonization drives lymphocyte accumulation and differentiation in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches
    • Yamanaka T, Helgeland L, Farstad IN, Fukushima H, Midtvedt T, Brandtzaeg P. Microbial colonization drives lymphocyte accumulation and differentiation in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches. J Immunol 2003;170:816-22.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 816-822
    • Yamanaka, T.1    Helgeland, L.2    Farstad, I.N.3    Fukushima, H.4    Midtvedt, T.5    Brandtzaeg, P.6
  • 12
    • 0025861164 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella-induced M-cell formation in germ-free mouse Peyer's patch tissue
    • Savidge TC, Smith MW, James PS, Aldred P. Salmonella-induced M-cell formation in germ-free mouse Peyer's patch tissue. Am J Pathol 1991;139:177-84.
    • (1991) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.139 , pp. 177-184
    • Savidge, T.C.1    Smith, M.W.2    James, P.S.3    Aldred, P.4
  • 13
    • 0037446531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Cure of colitis by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
    • Mottet C, Uhlig HH, Powrie F. Cutting edge: Cure of colitis by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2003;170:3939-43.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 3939-3943
    • Mottet, C.1    Uhlig, H.H.2    Powrie, F.3
  • 14
    • 0031569530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+ T cell down-regulation in human intestinal mucosa: Evidence for intestinal tolerance to luminal bacterial antigens
    • Khoo UY, Proctor IE, Macpherson AJ. CD4+ T cell down-regulation in human intestinal mucosa: Evidence for intestinal tolerance to luminal bacterial antigens. J Immunol 1997;158:3626-34.
    • (1997) J. Immunol. , vol.158 , pp. 3626-3634
    • Khoo, U.Y.1    Proctor, I.E.2    Macpherson, A.J.3
  • 15
    • 0029916216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The absence of gut flora, the doses of antigen ingested and aging affect the long-term peripheral tolerance induced by ovalbumin feeding in mice
    • Moreau MC, Gaboriau-Routhiau V. The absence of gut flora, the doses of antigen ingested and aging affect the long-term peripheral tolerance induced by ovalbumin feeding in mice. Res Immunol 1996;147:49-59.
    • (1996) Res. Immunol. , vol.147 , pp. 49-59
    • Moreau, M.C.1    Gaboriau-Routhiau, V.2
  • 16
    • 0031571230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction
    • Sudo N, Sawamura S, Tanaka K, Aiba Y, Kubo C, Koga Y. The requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction. J Immunol 1997;159:1739-45.
    • (1997) J. Immunol. , vol.159 , pp. 1739-1745
    • Sudo, N.1    Sawamura, S.2    Tanaka, K.3    Aiba, Y.4    Kubo, C.5    Koga, Y.6
  • 17
    • 0019984839 scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune response: LPS converts germfree mice to sensitivity to oral tolerance induction
    • Wannemuehler MJ, Kiyono H, Babb JL, Michalek SM, McGhee JR. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune response: LPS converts germfree mice to sensitivity to oral tolerance induction. J Immunol 1992;129:959-65.
    • (1992) J. Immunol. , vol.129 , pp. 959-965
    • Wannemuehler, M.J.1    Kiyono, H.2    Babb, J.L.3    Michalek, S.M.4    McGhee, J.R.5
  • 18
    • 0034670017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Priming by microbial antigens from the intestinal flora determines the ability of CD4+ T cells to rapidly secrete IL-4 in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major
    • Julia V, McSorley SS, Malherbe L, et al. Priming by microbial antigens from the intestinal flora determines the ability of CD4+ T cells to rapidly secrete IL-4 in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. J Immunol 2000;165:5637-45.
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 5637-5645
    • Julia, V.1    McSorley, S.S.2    Malherbe, L.3
  • 19
    • 0343878233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressor T cells: Rebirth, function and homeostasis
    • Shevach EM. Suppressor T cells: Rebirth, function and homeostasis. Curr Biol 2000;10:R572-5.
    • (2000) Curr. Biol. , vol.10
    • Shevach, E.M.1
  • 20
    • 0031939403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+CD25+ T cells inhibit both the induction and effector function of autoreactive T cells and represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory cells
    • Suri-Payer E, Amar AZ, Thornton AM, Shevach EM. CD4+CD25+ T cells inhibit both the induction and effector function of autoreactive T cells and represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory cells. J Immunol 1998;160:1212-8.
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.160 , pp. 1212-1218
    • Suri-Payer, E.1    Amar, A.Z.2    Thornton, A.M.3    Shevach, E.M.4
  • 21
    • 0034679567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation
    • Read S, Malmstrom V, Powrie F. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 2000;192:295-302.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.192 , pp. 295-302
    • Read, S.1    Malmstrom, V.2    Powrie, F.3
  • 22
    • 0037450804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells selectively express toll-like receptors and are activated by lipopolysaccharide
    • Caramalho I, Lopes-Carvalho T, Ostler D, Zelenay S, Haury M, Demengeot J. Regulatory T cells selectively express toll-like receptors and are activated by lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med 2003;197:403-11.
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.197 , pp. 403-411
    • Caramalho, I.1    Lopes-Carvalho, T.2    Ostler, D.3    Zelenay, S.4    Haury, M.5    Demengeot, J.6
  • 23
    • 0032935617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development
    • Cebra JJ. Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:1046S-51S.
    • (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.69
    • Cebra, J.J.1
  • 24
    • 0031768678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating and maintaining the gastrointestinal ecosystem: What we know and need to know from gnotobiology
    • Falk PG, Hooper LV, Midtvedt T, Gordon JI. Creating and maintaining the gastrointestinal ecosystem: What we know and need to know from gnotobiology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998;62:1157-70.
    • (1998) Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. , vol.62 , pp. 1157-1170
    • Falk, P.G.1    Hooper, L.V.2    Midtvedt, T.3    Gordon, J.I.4
  • 25
    • 0030663890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neonatal development of intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes in the murine small intestine
    • Steege JC, Buurman WA, Forget PP. The neonatal development of intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes in the murine small intestine. Dev Immunol 1997;5:121-8.
    • (1997) Dev. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 121-128
    • Steege, J.C.1    Buurman, W.A.2    Forget, P.P.3
  • 26
    • 0037270375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of indigenous microflora in the development of marine intestinal fucosyl- and sialyltransferases
    • Nanthakumar NN, Dai D, Newburg DS, Walker WA. The role of indigenous microflora in the development of marine intestinal fucosyl- and sialyltransferases. FASEB J 2003;17:44-6.
    • (2003) FASEB J. , vol.17 , pp. 44-46
    • Nanthakumar, N.N.1    Dai, D.2    Newburg, D.S.3    Walker, W.A.4
  • 27
    • 0036144233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal-associated molecular patterns induce selective toll-like receptor-trafficking from apical membrane to cytoplasmic compartments in polarized intestinal epithelium
    • Cario E, Brown D, McKee M, Lynch-Devaney K, Gerken G, Podolsky DK. Commensal-associated molecular patterns induce selective toll-like receptor-trafficking from apical membrane to cytoplasmic compartments in polarized intestinal epithelium. Am J Pathol 2002;160:165-73.
    • (2002) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.160 , pp. 165-173
    • Cario, E.1    Brown, D.2    McKee, M.3    Lynch-Devaney, K.4    Gerken, G.5    Podolsky, D.K.6
  • 28
    • 0034445697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Cario E, Podolsky DK. Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease. Infect Immun 2000;68:7010-7.
    • (2000) Infect. Immun. , vol.68 , pp. 7010-7017
    • Cario, E.1    Podolsky, D.K.2
  • 29
    • 0035069387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an innate immune response in the immature human intestine: Toll-like receptors on fetal enterocytes
    • Fusunyan RF, Nanthakumar NN, Baldeon ME, Walker WA. Evidence for an innate immune response in the immature human intestine: Toll-like receptors on fetal enterocytes. Pediatr Res 2001;49:589-93.
    • (2001) Pediatr. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 589-593
    • Fusunyan, R.F.1    Nanthakumar, N.N.2    Baldeon, M.E.3    Walker, W.A.4
  • 30
    • 0033996191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen processing and presentation by intestinal epithelial cells - Polarity and complexity
    • Hershberg RM, Mayer LF. Antigen processing and presentation by intestinal epithelial cells - polarity and complexity. Immunol Today 2000;21:123-8.
    • (2000) Immunol. Today , vol.21 , pp. 123-128
    • Hershberg, R.M.1    Mayer, L.F.2
  • 31
    • 10744230291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining complex contributions of NOD2/CARD15 gene mutations, age at onset, and tobacco use on Crohn's disease phenotypes
    • Brant SR, Picco MF, Achkar JP, et al. Defining complex contributions of NOD2/CARD15 gene mutations, age at onset, and tobacco use on Crohn's disease phenotypes. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2003;9:281-9.
    • (2003) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 281-289
    • Brant, S.R.1    Picco, M.F.2    Achkar, J.P.3
  • 32
    • 0034886143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors: Critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
    • Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T. Toll-like receptors: Critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol 2001;2:675-80.
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 675-680
    • Akira, S.1    Takeda, K.2    Kaisho, T.3
  • 33
    • 0030831210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
    • Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 1997;388:394-7.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 394-397
    • Medzhitov, R.1    Preston-Hurlburt, P.2    Janeway Jr., C.A.3
  • 34
    • 0035956425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary perspective on innate immune recognition
    • Mushegian A, Medzhitov R. Evolutionary perspective on innate immune recognition. J Cell Biol 2001;155:705-10.
    • (2001) J. Cell Biol. , vol.155 , pp. 705-710
    • Mushegian, A.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 35
    • 0038282518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors and T-helper-1/T-helper-2 responses
    • Dabbagh K, Lewis DB. Toll-like receptors and T-helper-1/T-helper-2 responses. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2003;16:199-204.
    • (2003) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 199-204
    • Dabbagh, K.1    Lewis, D.B.2
  • 36
    • 0035881675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Bacterial flagellin activates basolaterally expressed tlr5 to induce epithelial proinflammatory gene expression
    • Gewirtz AT, Navas, TA, Lyons S, Godowski PJ, Madara JL. Cutting edge: Bacterial flagellin activates basolaterally expressed tlr5 to induce epithelial proinflammatory gene expression. J Immunol 2001;167:1882-5.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.167 , pp. 1882-1885
    • Gewirtz, A.T.1    Navas, T.A.2    Lyons, S.3    Godowski, P.J.4    Madara, J.L.5
  • 37
    • 0037307854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human intestinal epithelial cells are broadly unresponsive to Toll-like receptor 2-dependent bacterial ligands: Implications for host-microbial interactions in the gut
    • Melmed G, Thomas LS, Lee N, et al. Human intestinal epithelial cells are broadly unresponsive to Toll-like receptor 2-dependent bacterial ligands: Implications for host-microbial interactions in the gut. J Immunol 2003;170:1406-15.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 1406-1415
    • Melmed, G.1    Thomas, L.S.2    Lee, N.3
  • 39
    • 0037446528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic compartmentalization of Toll-like receptor 4 in the mouse gut
    • Ortega-Cava CF, Ishihara S, Rumi MA, et al. Strategic compartmentalization of Toll-like receptor 4 in the mouse gut. J Immunol 2003;170:3977-85.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 3977-3985
    • Ortega-Cava, C.F.1    Ishihara, S.2    Rumi, M.A.3
  • 40
    • 0035321325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria
    • Rescigno M, Urbano M, Valzasina B, et al. Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nat Immunol 2001;2:361-7.
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 361-367
    • Rescigno, M.1    Urbano, M.2    Valzasina, B.3
  • 41
    • 0036136321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of multiple isolated lymphoid follicles on the antimesenteric wall of the mouse small intestine
    • Hamada H, Hiroi T, Nishiyama Y, et al. Identification of multiple isolated lymphoid follicles on the antimesenteric wall of the mouse small intestine. J Immunol 2002;168:57-64.
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.168 , pp. 57-64
    • Hamada, H.1    Hiroi, T.2    Nishiyama, Y.3
  • 42
  • 43
    • 0037738569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor expression in murine DC subsets: Lack of TLR7 expression by CD8 alpha+ DC correlates with unresponsiveness to imidazoquinolines
    • Edwards AD, Diebold SS, Slack EM, et al. Toll-like receptor expression in murine DC subsets: Lack of TLR7 expression by CD8 alpha+ DC correlates with unresponsiveness to imidazoquinolines. Eur J Immunol 2003;33:827-33.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.33 , pp. 827-833
    • Edwards, A.D.1    Diebold, S.S.2    Slack, E.M.3
  • 44
    • 0036892280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in expression of toll-like receptors and their reactivities in dendritic cells in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice
    • Liu T, Matsuguchi T, Tsuboi N, Yajima T, Yoshikai Y. Differences in expression of toll-like receptors and their reactivities in dendritic cells in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Infect Immun 2002;70:6638-45.
    • (2002) Infect. Immun. , vol.70 , pp. 6638-6645
    • Liu, T.1    Matsuguchi, T.2    Tsuboi, N.3    Yajima, T.4    Yoshikai, Y.5
  • 45
    • 0035813157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human dendritic cells
    • Re F, Strominger JL. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human dendritic cells. J Biol Chem 2001;276:37692-9.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 37692-37699
    • Re, F.1    Strominger, J.L.2
  • 46
    • 0037767231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential induction of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 in dendritic cells by microbial toll-like receptor activators and skewing of T-cell cytokine profiles
    • Qi H, Denning TL, Soong L. Differential induction of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 in dendritic cells by microbial toll-like receptor activators and skewing of T-cell cytokine profiles. Infect Immun 2003;71:3337-42.
    • (2003) Infect. Immun. , vol.71 , pp. 3337-3342
    • Qi, H.1    Denning, T.L.2    Soong, L.3
  • 47
    • 0042333419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4-mediated innate IL-10 activates antigen-specific regulatoryT cells and confers resistance to Bordetella pertussis by inhibiting inflammatory pathology
    • Higgins SC, Lavelle EC, McCann C, et al. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated innate IL-10 activates antigen-specific regulatoryT cells and confers resistance to Bordetella pertussis by inhibiting inflammatory pathology. J Immunol 2003;171:3119-27.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.171 , pp. 3119-3127
    • Higgins, S.C.1    Lavelle, E.C.2    McCann, C.3
  • 50
    • 0036966116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal vaginal microflora during pregnancy and the risk of asthma hospitalization and use of antiasthma medication in early childhood
    • Benn CS, Thorsen P, Jensen JS, et al. Maternal vaginal microflora during pregnancy and the risk of asthma hospitalization and use of antiasthma medication in early childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110:72-7.
    • (2002) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.110 , pp. 72-77
    • Benn, C.S.1    Thorsen, P.2    Jensen, J.S.3
  • 52
    • 0035793372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine
    • Hooper LV, Wong MH, Thelin A, Hansson L, Falk PG, Gordon JI. Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine. Science 2001;291:881-4.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 881-884
    • Hooper, L.V.1    Wong, M.H.2    Thelin, A.3    Hansson, L.4    Falk, P.G.5    Gordon, J.I.6
  • 53
    • 0037134046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergy, parasites and the hygiene hypothesis
    • Yazdanbakhsh M, Kremsner PG, van Ree R. Allergy, parasites and the hygiene hypothesis. Science 2002;296:490-4.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 490-494
    • Yazdanbakhsh, M.1    Kremsner, P.G.2    van Ree, R.3
  • 54
    • 0037185020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic bacterium prevents cytokine-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells
    • Yan F, Polk DB. Probiotic bacterium prevents cytokine-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2002;277:50959-65.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 50959-50965
    • Yan, F.1    Polk, D.B.2
  • 56
    • 0038121809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double blind, placebo controlled trial of two probiotic strains in interleukin 10 knockout mice and mechanistic link with cytokine balance
    • McCarthy J, O'Mahony L, O'Callaghan L, et al. Double blind, placebo controlled trial of two probiotic strains in interleukin 10 knockout mice and mechanistic link with cytokine balance. Gut 2003;52:975-80.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 975-980
    • McCarthy, J.1    O'Mahony, L.2    O'Callaghan, L.3
  • 57
    • 0036839109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mucosal tumour necrosis factor alpha production in Crohn's disease can be downregulated ex vivo by probiotic bacteria
    • Borruel N, Carol M, Casellas F, et al. Increased mucosal tumour necrosis factor alpha production in Crohn's disease can be downregulated ex vivo by probiotic bacteria. Gut 2002;51:659-64.
    • (2002) Gut , vol.51 , pp. 659-664
    • Borruel, N.1    Carol, M.2    Casellas, F.3
  • 58
    • 0035820307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Kalliomäki M, Salminen S, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Koskinen F, Isolauri E. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:1076-9.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1076-1079
    • Kalliomäki, M.1    Salminen, S.2    Arvilommi, H.3    Kero, P.4    Koskinen, F.5    Isolauri, E.6
  • 59
    • 0038730917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Kalliomäki M, Salminen S, Poussa T, Arvilommi H, Isotauri E. Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:1869-71.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1869-1871
    • Kalliomäki, M.1    Salminen, S.2    Poussa, T.3    Arvilommi, H.4    Isotauri, E.5
  • 60
    • 0041663833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of probiotic Escherichia coli after birth reduces frequency of allergies and repeated infections later in life (after 10 and 20 years)
    • Lodinova-Zadnikova R, Cukrowska B, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H. Oral administration of probiotic Escherichia coli after birth reduces frequency of allergies and repeated infections later in life (after 10 and 20 years). Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003;131:209-11.
    • (2003) Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. , vol.131 , pp. 209-211
    • Lodinova-Zadnikova, R.1    Cukrowska, B.2    Tlaskalova-Hogenova, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.