First century of chicken gene study and mapping - A look back and forward

World's Poultry Science Journal

Volumn 60, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 19-41

  Romanov, M N ^a   Sazanov, A A ^b,c   Smirnov, A F ^b,c  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b All Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding   (Russian Federation)

^c ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Chicken; Genes; Mapping; Sequencing

Indexed keywords

AVES; GALLUS GALLUS;

EID: 4544277139     PISSN: 00439339     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/WPS20043     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. AMBADY, S., CHENG, H.H. and PONCE DE LEON, F.A. (2002) Development and mapping of microsatellite markers derived from chicken chromosome-specific libraries. Poultry Science 81: 1644-1646.
2. ANDREOZZI, L., FEDERICO, C., MOTTA, S., SACCONE, S., SAZANOVA, A.L., SAZANOV, A.A., SMIRNOV, A.F., GALKINA, S.A., LUKINA, N.A., RODIONOV, A.V., CARELS, N. and BERNARDI, G. (2001) Compositional mapping of chicken chromosomes and identification of the gene-richest regions. Chromosome Research 9: 521-532.
3. BARATTI, M., ALBERTI, A., GROENEN, M., VEENENDAAL, T. and FULGHERI, F.D. (2001) Polymorphic microsatellites developed by cross-species amplifications in common pheasant breeds. Animal Genetics 32: 222-225.
4. BATESON, W. (1909) Mendel's Principles of Heredity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
5. BATESON, W. and PUNNETT, R.C. (1911) The inheritance of peculiar pigmentation of the Silky fowl. Journal of Genetics 1: 185-203.
6. BATESON, W. and SAUNDERS, E.R. (1902) Experimental studies in the physiology of heredity. Reports to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society I: 1-160.
7. BENNETT, M.D., LEITCH, L.J., PRICE, H.J. and JOHNSTON, J.S. (2003) Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (∼100 Mb) and Drosophila (∼175 Mb) using flow cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be ∼157 Mb and thus ∼25% larger than the Arabidopsis genome initiative estimate of ∼125 Mb. Annals of Botany 91: 547-557.
8. BITGOOD, J.J. and SHOFFNER, R.N. (1990) Cytology and cytogenetics. In: Poultry Breeding and Genetics (Ed. Crawford, R.D.), Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 401-427.
9. BITGOOD, J.J. and SOMES, R.G., JR. (1990) Linkage relationships and gene mapping. In: Poultry Breeding and Genetics (Ed. Crawford, R.D.), Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 469-495.
10. BITGOOD, J.J. and SOMES, R.G., JR. (1993) Gene map of the chicken (Callus gallus or G. domesticus). In: Genetic Maps (Ed. O'Brien, S.), 6th edn, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA, pp. 4332-4342.
11. BLOOM, S.E., DELANY, M.E. and MUSCARELLA, D.E. (1993) Constant and variable features of avian chromosomes. In: Manipulation of the Avian Genome (Eds. Etches, R.J. and Verrinder Gibbins, A.M.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 39-59.
12. BROWN, W.R., HUBBARD, S.J., TICKLE, C. and WILSON, S.A. (2003) The chicken as a model for large-scale analysis of vertebrate gene function. Nature Review Genetics 4: 87-98.
13. BOARDMAN, P.E., SANZ-EZQUERRO, J., OVERTON, I.M., BURT, D.W., BOSCH, E., FONG, W.T., TICKLE, C., BROWN, W.R., WILSON, S.A. and HUBBARD, S.J. (2002) A comprehensive collection of chicken cDNAs. Current Biology 12: 1965-1969.
14. BUITKAMP, J., EWALD, D., SCHALKWYK, L., WEIHER, M., MASABANDA, J., SAZANOV, A., LEHRACH, H. and FRIES, R. (1998) Construction and characterisation of a gridded chicken cosmid library with four-fold genomic coverage. Animal Genetics 29: 295-301.
15. BUMSTEAD, N. and PALYGA, J. (1992) A preliminary linkage map of the chicken genome. Genomics 13: 690-697.
16. BURT, D.W. (2002) Origin and evolution of avian microchromosomes. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 96: 97-112.
17. BURT, D.W. and POURQUIÉ, O. (2003) Chicken genome-science nuggets to come soon. Science 300: 1669.
18. BURT, D.W., BRULEY, C., DUNN, I.C., JONES, C.T., RAMAGE, A., LAW, A.S., MORRICE, D.R., PATON, I.R., SMITH, J., WINDSOR, D., SAZANOV, A., FRIES, R. and WADDINGTON, D. (1999) The dynamics of chromosome evolution in birds and mammals. Nature 402: 411-413.
19. BURT, D.W., MORRICE, D.R., SEWALEM, A., SMITH, J., PATON, I.R., SMITH, E.J., BENTLEY, J. and HOCKING, P.M. (2003) Preliminary linkage map of the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) based on microsatellite markers. Animal Genetics 34: 399-409.
20. COHEN, D., CHUMAKOV, I. and WEISSENBACH, J. (1993) A first-generation physical map of the human genome. Nature 366: 698-701.
21. COLLINS, F.S., PATRINOS, A., JORDAN, E., CHAKRAVARTI, A., GESTELAND, R., WALTERS, L. and the members of the DOE and NIH planning groups (1998) New goals for the U.S. human genome project: 1998-2003. Science 282: 682-689.
22. CRITTENDEN, L.B., PROVENCHER, L., SANTANGELO, L., LEVIN, I., ABPLANALP, H., BRILES, R.W., BRILES, W.E. and DODGSON, J.B. (1993) Characterisation of a Red Jungle Fowl by White Leghorn backcross reference population for molecular mapping of the chicken genome. Poultry Science 72: 334-348.
23. CROOIJMANS, R.P.M.A., VREBALOV, J., DIJKHOF, R.J.M., VAN DER POEL, J.J. and GROENEN, M.A.M. (2000) Two-dimensional screening of the Wageningen chicken BAC library. Mammalian Genome 11: 360-363.
24. DAVENPORT, C.B. (1911) Another case of sex-limited heredity in poultry. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 9: 19-20.
25. DAVENPORT, C.B. (1912) Sex-limited inheritance in poultry. Journal of Experimental Zoology 13: 1-26.
26. DRANCHAK, P.K., CHAVES, L.D., ROWE, J.A. and REED, K.M. (2003) Turkey microsatellite loci from an embryonic cDNA library. Poultry Science 82: 526-531.
27. DUNN, I.C., SHARP, P.J., PATON, I.R. and BURT, D.W. (1999) Mapping of the gene responsible for henny feathering (CYP19/aromatase) to chicken chromosome E29C09W09. Proceedings of the Poultry Genetics Symposium, Mariensee, Germany, p. 114.
28. DUNN, L.C. (1928) The genetics of the domestic fowl. Journal of Heredity 19: 511-519.
29. DUNN, L.C. (1929) The genetics of the domestic fowl: Memoirs of the Anikowo Genetical Station, 1926. II. The genetics of leg feathering. Journal of Heredity 20: 111-118.
30. DUNN, L.C. and JULL, M.A. (1927) On the inheritance of some characteristics of the Silky fowl. Journal of Genetics 19: 27-63.
31. DUNN, L.C. and LANDAUER, W. (1930) Further data on a case of autosomal linkage in the domestic fowl. Journal of Genetics 22: 95-101.
32. DURHAM, P.M. and MARRYAT, D.C.E. (1908) Note on the inheritance of sex in canaries. Reports to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society IV: 57-60.
33. ETCHES, R.J. and HAWES, R.O. (1973) A summary of linkage relationships and a revised linkage map of the chicken. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 15: 553-570.
34. FILLON, V., MORISSON, M., ZOOROB, R., AUFFRAY, C., DOUAIRE, M., GELLIN, J. and VIGNAL, A. (1998) Identification of 16 chicken microchromosomes by molecular markers using two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Chromosome Research 6: 307-313.
35. GOODALE, H.D. (1909) Sex and its relation to the barring factor in poultry. Science 29: 1004-1005.
36. GOODALE, H.D. (1910) Breeding experiments in poultry. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 7: 178-179.
37. GOODALE, H.D. (1911) Sex-limited inheritance and sexual dimorphism in poultry. Science 33: 939-940.
38. GOODALE, H.D. (1917) Crossing-over in the sex chromosome of the male fowl. Science 46: 213.
39. GROENEN, M.A.M., CROOIJMANS, R.P.M.A., VEENENDALL, A., VAN KAAM, J.B.C.H.M., VEREIJKEN, A.L.J., VAN ARENDONK, J.A.M. and VAN DER POEL, J.J. (1997) QTL mapping in chicken using a three generation full sib family structure of an extreme broiler x broiler cross. Animal Biotechnology 8: 41-46.
40. GROENEN, M.A.M., CROOIJMANS, R.P.M.A., VEENENDAAL, A., CHENG, H.H., SIWEK, M. and VAN DER POEL, J.J. (1998) A comprehensive microsatellite linkage map of the chicken genome. Genomics 49: 265-274.
41. GROENEN, M.A.M., CHENG, H.H., BUMSTEAD, N., BENKEL, B.F., BRILES, W.E., BURKE, T., BURT, D.W., CRITTENDEN, L.B., DODGSON, J., HILLEL, J., LAMONT, S., PONCE DE LEON, A., SOLLER, M., TAKAHASHI, H. and VIGNAL, A. (2000) A consensus linkage map of the chicken genome. Genome Research 10: 137-47.
42. GUILLIER-GENSIK, Z., BERNHEIM, A. and COULLIN, P. (1999) Generation of whole-chromosome painting probes specific to each chicken macrochromosomes. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 87: 282-285.
43. HABERMANN, F., CREMER, M., WALTER, J., KRETH, G., VON HASE, J., BAUER, K., WIENBERG, J., CREMER, C., CREMER, T. and SOLOVEI, I. (2001) Arrangement of macro- and microchromosomes in chicken cells. Chromosome Research 9: 569-584.
44. HADLEY, P.B. (1910) Sex-limited inheritance. Science 32: 797.
45. HAGEDOORN, A.L. (1909) Mendelian inheritance of sex. Archiv für Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen 28: 1-34.
46. HALDANE, J.B.S. (1921) Linkage in poultry. Science 54: 663.
47. HARRY, D.E., MARINI, P.J., ZAITLIN, D. and REED, K.M. (2003) A first generation map of the turkey genome. Genome 46: 914-924.
48. HERTWIG, P. (1933) Geschlechtsgebundene und autosomale Koppelungen bei Hühnern. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft E. V. 35: 112-118.
49. HUANG, H.B., SONG, Y.Q., HSEI, M., ZAHORCHAK, R., CHIU, J., TEUSCHER, C. and SMITH, E.J. (1999) Development and characterisation of genetic mapping resources for the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Journal of Heredity 90: 240-242.
50. HUDSON, T.J., STEIN, L.D., GERETY, S.S., MA, J., CASTLE, A.B., SILVA, J., SLONIM, D.K., BAPTISTA, R., KRUGLYAK, L., XU, S.-H., HU, X., COLBERT, A.M.E., ROSENBERG, C., REEVEDALY, M.P., ROZEN, S., HUI, L., WU, X., VESTERGAARD, C., WILSON, K.M., BAE, J.S., MAITRA, S., GANIATSIS, S., EVANS, C.A., DEANGELIS, M.M., INGALLS, K.A., NAHF, R.W, HORTON, L.T., JR., ANDERSON, M.O., COLLYMORE, A.J., YE, W, KOUYOUMJIAN, V., ZEMSTEVA, I.S., TAM, J., DEVINE, R., COURTNEY, D.F., RENAUD, M.T., NGUYEN, H., O'CONNER, T.J., FIZAMES, C., FAURÉ, S., GYAPAY, G., DIB, C., MORISSETTE, J., ORLIN, J.B., BIRREN, B.W., GOODMAN, N., WEISSENBACH, J., HAWKINS, T.L., FOOTE, S., PAGE, D.C. and LANDER, E.S. (1995) An STS-based map of the human genome. Science 270: 1945-1954.
51. HUTT, F.B. (1933) Genetics of the fowl. II. A four-gene autosomal linkage group. Genetics 18: 82-94.
52. HUTT, F.B. (1936) Genetics of the fowl. VI. A tentative chromosome map. In: Neue Forschungen in Tierzucht und Abstammungslehre (Duerst Festschrift), pp. 105-112.
53. HUTT, F.B. (1949) Genetics of the Fowl. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
54. HUTT, F.B. (1960) New loci in the sex chromosome of the fowl. Heredity 15: 97-110.
55. HUTT, F.B. (1964) Animal Genetics. Ronald Press Company, New York, NY, USA.
56. HUTT, F.B. and LAMOREUX, W.F. (1940) Genetics of the fowl. II. A linkage map for six chromosomes. Journal of Heredity 31: 231-235.
57. IKEOBI, C.O., WOOLLIAMS, J.A, MORRICE, D.R., LAW, A., WINDSOR, D., BURT, D.W. and HOCKING, P.M. (2002) Quantitative trait loci affecting fatness in the chicken. Animal Genetics 33: 428-435.
58. ITOH, Y. and MIZUNO, S. (2002) Molecular and cytological characterisation of SspI- family repetitive sequence on the chicken W chromosome. Chromosome Research 10: 499-511.
59. JULL, M.A. (1930) The association of comb and crest characters in the domestic fowl. Journal of Heredity 21: 21-28.
60. KADI, F., MOUCHIROUD, D., SABEUR, G. and BERNARDI, G. (1993) The compositional patterns of the avian genomes and their evolutionary implications. Journal of Molecular Evolution 37: 544-551.
61. KATO, J., HATTORI, T., OHBA, S., TAMAKI, Y., YAMADA, N., TAGUCHI, T., OGIHARA, J., OHYA, K., ITOH, Y., HORI, T., ASAKAWA, S., SHIMIZU, N. and MIZUNO, S. (2002) Efficient selection of genomic clones from a female chicken bacterial artificial chromosome library by four-dimensional polymerase chain reactions. Poultry Science 81: 1501-1508.
62. KAYANG, B.B., INOUE-MURAYAMA, M., HOSHI, T., MATSUO, K., TAKAHASHI, H., MINEZAWA, M., MIZUTANI, M. and ITO, S. (2002) Microsatellite loci in Japanese quail and cross-species amplification in chicken and guinea fowl. Genetics Selection Evolution 34: 233-253.
63. KERJE, S., LIND, J., SCHÜTZ, K., JENSEN, P. and ANDERSSON, L. (2003) Melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1R) mutations are associated with plumage colour in chicken. Animal Genetics 34: 264-274.
64. LANDAUER, W. (1931) The linkage relationships of the autosomal genes for Creeper and Rose comb in the fowl. Anatomical Record 51: 123.
65. LEE, E.J., YOSHIZAWA, K., MANNEN, H., KIKUCHI, H., KIKUCHI, T., MIZUTANI, M. and TSUJI, S. (2002) Localisation of the muscular dystrophy AM locus using a chicken linkage map constructed with the Kobe University resource family. Animal Genetics 33: 42-48.
66. LEE, M.-K., REN, C.W., YAN, B., COX, B., ZHANG, H.-B., ROMANOV, M.N., SIZEMORE, F.G., SUCHYTA, S.P., PETERS, E. and DODGSON, J.B. (2003) Construction and characterisation of three complementary BAC libraries for analysis of the chicken genome. Animal Genetics 34: 151-152.
67. LEVIN, I., CHENG, H.H., BAXTER-JONES, C. and HILLEL, J. (1995) Turkey microsatellite DNA loci amplified by chicken specific primers. Animal Genetics 26: 107-110.
68. LIPKIN, E., FULTON, J., CHENG, H, YONASH, N. and SOLLER, M. (2002) Quantitative trait locus mapping in chickens by selective DNA pooling with dinucleotide microsatellite markers by using purified DNA and fresh or frozen red blood cells as applied to marker-assisted selection. Poultry Science 81: 283-292.
69. LOCK, R. H. (1906) Recent Progress in the Study of Variation, Heredity, and Evolution. E.P. Dutton & Co., New York, NY, USA.
70. MAAK, S., WIMMERS, K., WEIGEND, S. and NEUMANN, K. (2003) Isolation and characterisation of 18 microsatellites in the Peking duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and their application in other waterfowl species. Molecular Ecology Notes 3: 224-227.
71. MICHELMORE, R.W., PARAN, I. and KESSELI, R.V. (1991) Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulked segregant analysis: a rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions by using segregating populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88: 9828-9832.
72. MIZUNO, S. and MACGREGOR, H. (1998) The ZW lampbrush chromosomes of birds: a unique opportunity to look at the molecular cytogenetics of sex chromosomes. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 80: 149-157.
73. MOISEYEVA, I., ROMANOV, M. and PIGARYEV, N. (2000) Obituary: Sergey Petrov. World's Poultry Science Journal 56: 437-438.
74. MORGAN, T. H. (1910) The method of inheritance of two sex-limited characters in the same animal. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 8: 17-19.
75. MORGAN, T. H. (1911) An attempt to analyze the constitution of the chromosomes on the basis of sex-limited inheritance in Drosophila. Journal of Experimental Zoology 11: 365-412.
76. MORGAN, T. H. and GOODALE, H.D. (1912) Sex-linked inheritance in poultry. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 22: 113-133.
77. MORISSON, M., LEMIÈRE, A., BOSC, S., GALAN, M., PLISSON-PETIT, F., PINTON, P., DELCROS, C., FÈVE, K., PITEL, F., FILLON, V., YERLE, M. and VIGNAL, A. (2002) ChickRH6: a chicken whole-genome radiation hybrid panel. Genetics Selection Evolution 34: 521-533.
78. OHNO, S. (1961) Sex chromosomes and microchromosomes of Callus domesticus. Chromosoma 11: 484-498.
79. OKIMOTO, R., STIE, J.T., TAKEUCHI, S., PAYNE, W.S. and SALTER, D.W. (1999) Mapping the melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1-R) gene and association of MC1-R polymorphisms with E locus phenotypes. Poultry Science 78(Suppl.): 60.
80. PANG, S.W., RITLAND, C., CARLSON, J.E. and CHENG, K.M. (1999) Japanese quail microsatellite loci amplified with chicken-specific primers. Animal Genetics 30: 195-199.
81. PASSARGE, E., HORSTHEMKE, B. and FARBER, R.A. (1999) Incorrect use of the term synteny. Nature Genetics 23: 387.
82. PEARL, R. (1912) Notes on the history of barred breeds of poultry. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory 22: 297-308.
83. PEARL, R. and SURFACE, F.M. (1910a) On the inheritance of the barred color pattern in poultry. Archiv für Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen 30: 45-61.
84. PEARL, R. and SURFACE, F.M. (1910b) Studies on hybrid poultry. XXVI Annual Report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 84-115.
85. PEARL, R. and SURFACE, F.M. (1910c) Further data regarding the sex-limited inheritance of the barred color pattern in poultry. Science 32: 870-874.
86. PETROV, S.G. (1931) Plan of the chromosomes of the domestic fowl. Zhurnal experimental'noy biologii 7: 71-76.
87. PIMENTEL-SMITH, G.E., SHI, L., DRUMMOND, P., TU, Z. and SMITH, E.J. (2000) Amplification of sequence tagged sites in five avian species using heterologous oligonucleotides. Genetica 110: 219-226.
88. PISENTI, J.M., DELANY, M.E., TAYLOR, R.L., JR., ABBOTT, U.K., ABPLANALP, H., ARTHUR, J.A., BAKST, M.R., BAXTER-JONES, C., BITGOOD, J.J., BRADLEY, F., CHENG, K.M., DIETERT, R.R., DODGSON, J.B., DONOGHUE, A., EMSLEY, A.E., ETCHES, R., FRAHM, R.R., GERRITS, R.J., GOETINCK, P.F., GRUNDER, A.A., HARRY, D.E., LAMONT, S.J., MARTIN, G.R., MCGUIRE, P.E., MOBERG, G.P., PIERRO, L.J., QUALSET, C.O., QURESHI, M., SCHULTZ, F. and WILSON, B.W. (1999) Avian genetic resources at risk: an assessment and proposal for conservation of genetic stocks in the USA and Canada. Report No. 20, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Davis, CA, USA.
89. PITEL, F., BERGE, R., COQUERELLE, G., CROOIJMANS, R.P.M.A., GROENEN, M.A.M., VIGNAL, A. and TIXIER-BOICHARD, M. (2000) Mapping the Naked Neck (NA) and Polydactyly (PO) mutants of the chicken with microsatellite molecular markers. Genetics Selection Evolution 32: 73-86.
90. PUNNETT, R. C. and BATESON, W. (1908) The heredity of sex. Science 27: 785-787.
91. REED, K.M., MENDOZA, K.M. and BEATTIE, C.W. (2000) Comparative analysis of microsatellite loci in chicken and turkey. Genome 43: 796-802.
92. REED, K.M., CHAVES, L.D. and ROWE, J.A. (2002) Twelve new turkey microsatellite loci. Poultry Science 81: 1789-1791.
93. REN, C.W., LEE, M.-K., YAN, B., DING, K., COX, B., ROMANOV, M.N., PRICE, J.A., DODGSON, J.B. and ZHANG, H.-B. (2003) A BAC-based physical map of the chicken genome. Genome Research 13: 2754-2758.
94. RODIONOV, A.V. (1996) Micro versus macro: a review of structure and function of avian micro- and macrochromosomes. Genetika 32: 597-608.
95. RODIONOV, A.V., LUKINA, N.A., GALKINA, S.A., SOLOVEI, I. and SACCONE, S. (2002) Crossing over in chicken oogenesis: cytological and chiasma-based genetic maps of chicken lampbrush chromosome 1. Journal of Heredity 93: 125-129.
96. ROMANOV, M.N., PRICE, J.A. and DODGSON, J.B. (2003) Integration of animal linkage and BAC contig maps using overgo hybridization. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 102: (in print).
97. RUYTER-SPIRA, C.P., GU, Z.L., VAN DER POEL, J.J. and GROENEN, M.A.M. (1997) Bulked segregant analysis using microsatellites: mapping of the dominant white locus in the chicken. Poultry Science 76: 386-391.
98. RUYTER-SPIRA, C.P., DE GROOF, A.J.C., VAN DER POEL, J.J., HERBERGS, J., MASABANDA, J., FRIES, R. and GROENEN, M.A.M. (1998) The HMGI-C gene is a likely candidate for the autosomal dwarf locus in the chicken. Journal of Heredity 89: 295-300.
99. SAZANOV, A., MASABANDA, J., EWALD, D., TAKEUCHI, S., TIXIER-BOICHARD, M., BUITKAMP, J. and FRIES, R. (1998) Evolutionarily conserved telomeric location of BBC1 and MC1R on a microchromosome questions the identity of MC1R and a pigmentation locus on chromosome 1 in chicken. Chromosome Research 6: 651-654.
100. SAZANOV, A.A., TRUKHINA, A.V., SMIRNOV, A.F. and JASZCZAK, K. (2002) Two chicken genes APOA1 and ETS1 are physically assigned to the same microchromosome. Animal Genetics 33: 321-322.
101. SCHMID, M., NANDA, I., GUTTENBACH, M., STEINLEIN, C., HOEHN, M., SCHARTL, M., HAAF, T., WEIGEND, S., FRIES, R., BUERSTEDDE, J.-M., WIMMERS, K., BURT, D.W., SMITH, J., A'HARA, S., LAW, A., GRIFFIN, D.K., BUMSTEAD, N., KAUFMAN, J., THOMSON, P.A., BURKE, T., GROENEN, M.A.M., CROOIJMANS, R.P.M.A., VIGNAL, A., FILLON, V., MORISSON, M., PITEL, F., TIXIER-BOICHARD, M., LADJALI-MOHAMMEDI, K., HILLEL, J., MÄKI-TANILA, A., CHENG, H.H., DELANY, M.E., BURNSIDE, J. and MIZUNO, S. (2000) First report on chicken genes and chromosomes 2000. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 90: 169-218.
102. SEREBROVSKY, A.S. (1922) Crossing-over involving three sex-linked genes in chickens. American Naturalist 56: 571-572.
103. SEREBROVSKY, A.S. (1926) Studies on genetics of domestic fowl. In: Genetics of the Domestic Fowl: Memoirs of Anikowo Genetical Station near Moscow (Ed. Koltzoff, N.K.), Commissariat of Agriculture, Novaia Derevnia, Moscow, Russia, pp. 3-74. (Abstracted in: DUNN, 1928, 1929).
104. SEREBROVSKY, A.S. and PETROV, S.G. (1928) A case of close autosomal linkage in the fowl. Journal of Heredity 19: 306-306.
105. SEREBROVSKY, A.S. and PETROV, S.G. (1930) On the composition of the plan of the chromosomes of the domestic hen. Zhurnal experimental'noy biologii 6: 157-180.
106. SEREBROVSKY, A.S. and WASSINA, E.T. (1927) On the topography of the sex-chromosome in fowls. Journal of Genetics 17: 211-216.
107. SHIBUSAWA, M., NISHIDA-UMEHARA, C., MASABANDA, J., GRIFFIN, D.K., ISOBE, T. and MATSUDA, Y. (2002) Chromosome rearrangements between chicken and guinea fowl defined by comparative chromosome painting and FISH mapping of DNA clones. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 98: 225-230.
108. SMITH, E., SHI, L., DRUMMOND, P., RODRIGUEZ, L., HAMILTON, R., POWELL, E., NAHASHON, S., RAMLAL, S., SMITH, G. and FOSTER, J. (2000) Development and characterisation of expressed sequence tags for the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) genome and comparative sequence analysis with other birds. Animal Genetics 31: 62-67.
109. SMITH, E.J., SHI, L., DRUMMOND, P., RODRIGUEZ, L., HAMILTON, R., RAMLAL, S., SMITH, G., PIERCE, K. and FOSTER, J. (2001a) Expressed sequence tags for the chicken genome from a normalized 10-day-old White Leghorn whole embryo cDNA library: 1. DNA sequence characterisation and linkage analysis. Journal of Heredity 92: 1-8.
110. SMITH, E.J., SHI, L., PREVOST, L., DRUMMOND, P., RAMLAL, S., SMITH, G., PIERCE, K. and FOSTER, J. (2001b) Expressed sequence tags for the chicken genome from a normalized, ten-day-old white leghorn whole embryo cDNA library. 2. Comparative DNA sequence analysis of guinea fowl, quail, and turkey genomes. Poultry Science 80: 1263-1272.
111. SMITH, J., BRULEY, C.K., PATON, I.R., DUNN, I., JONES, C.T., WINDSOR, D., MORRICE, D.R., LAW, A.S., MASABANDA, J., SAZANOV, A., WADDINGTON, D., FRIES, R. and BURT, D.W. (2000) Differences in gene density on chicken macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Animal Genetics 31: 96-103.
112. SOMES, R.G., JR. (1973) Linkage relationships in domestic fowl. Journal of Heredity 64: 217-221.
113. SOMES, R.G., JR. (1978) New linkage groups and revised chromosome map of the domestic fowl. Journal of Heredity 69: 401-403.
114. SOMES, R.G., JR. (1987) Linked loci of the chicken - Gallus gallus (G. domesticus). In: Genetic Maps (Ed. O'Brien, S.), 4th edn, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA, pp. 422-429.
115. SOMES, R.G., JR. (1992) Identifying the ptilopody (feathered shank) loci of the chicken. Journal of Heredity 83: 230-234.
116. SPILLMAN, W.J. (1908) Spurious allelomorphism: results of some recent investigations. American Naturalist 42: 610-615.
117. SPILLMAN, W.J. (1909) Barring in Barred Plymouth Rocks. Poultry 5: 7.
118. STEVENS, L. (1986) Gene structure and organisation in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). World Poultry-Science Journal 42: 232-242.
119. STURTEVANT, A.H. (1911) Another sex-limited character in fowls. Science 33: 337-338.
120. STURTEVANT, A.H. (1912) An experiment dealing with sex-linkage in fowls. Journal of Experimental Zoology 12: 499-518.
121. SUCHYTA, S.P., CHENG, H.H., BURNSIDE, J. and DODGSON, J.B. (2001) Comparative mapping of chicken anchor loci orthologous to genes on human chromosomes 1, 4 and 9. Animal Genetics 32: 12-18.
122. SUNGUROV, A.N. (1933) On the plan of the fowl chromosomes. Biologicheskiy zhurnal 2: 196-201.
123. SUTTLE, A.D. and SIPE, G.R. (1932) Linkage of genes for crest and frizzle. Journal of Heredity 23: 135-142.
124. SUTTON, W.S. (1903) The chromosomes in heredity. Biological Bulletin 4: 231-251.
125. SUZUKI, T., KUROSAKI, T., SHIMADA, K., KANSAKU, N., KUHNLEIN, U., ZADWORNY, D., AGATA, K., HASHIMOTO, A., KOIDE, M., KOIKE, M., TAKATA, M., KUROIWA, A., MINAI, S., NAMIKAWA, T. and MATSUDA, Y. (1999) Cytogenetic mapping of 31 functional genes on chicken chromosomes by direct R-banding FISH. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 87: 32-40.
126. TATSUDA, K. and FUJINAKA, K. (2001) Genetic mapping of QTL affecting body weight in chickens using a F2 family. British Poultry Science 42: 333-337.
127. TOYE, A.A., SCHALKWYK, L., LEHRACH, H. and BUMSTEAD, N. (1997) A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library containing 10 haploid chicken genome equivalents. Mammalian Genome 8: 274-276.
128. TUISKULA-HAAVISTO, M., HONKATUKIA, M., VIKKI, J., DE KONIG, D., SCHULMAN, N. and MÄKI-TANILA, A. (2002) Mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting quality and production traits in eggs layers. Poultry Science 81: 919-927.
129. VALLEJO, R.L., BACON, L.D., LIU, H.C., WITTER, R.L., GROENEN, M.A.M., HILLEL, J. and CHENG, H.H. (1998) Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting susceptibility to Marek's disease virus induced tumors in F2 intercross chickens. Genetics 148: 349-360.
130. VAN KAAM, J.B.C.H.M., VAN ARENDONK, J.A.M., GROENEN, M.A.M., BOVENHUIS, H., VEREIJKEN, A.L.J., CROOIJMANS, R.P.M.A., VAN DER POEL, J.J. and VEENENDALL, A. (1998) Whole genome scan in chickens for quantitative trait loci affecting body weight in chickens using a three generation design. Livestock Production Science 54: 133-150.
131. VAN KAAM, J.B.C.H.M., GROENEN, M.A.M., BOVENHUIS, H., VEENENDAAL, A., VEREIJKEN, A.L.J. and VAN ARENDONK, J.A.M. (1999a) Whole genome scan in chickens for quantitative trait loci affecting growth and feed efficiency. Poultry Science 78: 15-23.
132. VAN KAAM, J.B.C.H.M., GROENEN, M.A.M., BOVENHUIS, H., VEENENDAAL, A., VEREIJKEN, A.L.J. and VAN ARENDONK, J.A.M. (1999b) Whole genome scan in chickens for quantitative trait loci affecting carcass traits. Poultry Science 78: 1091-1099.
133. WADDINGTON, D., SPRINGBETT, A.J. and BURT, D.W. (2000) A chromosome-based model for estimating the number of conserved segments between pairs of species from comparative genetic maps. Genetics 154: 323-332.
134. 2 mapping population. Journal of Applied Genetics 43: 319-329.
135. WARREN, D.C. (1928) Sex-linked characters of poultry. Genetics 13: 421-433.
136. WARREN, D.C. (1935) A new linkage group in the fowl (Gallus domesticus). American Naturalist 69: 82.
137. WARREN, D.C. (1949) Linkage relations of autosomal factors in the fowl. Genetics 34: 333-350.
138. WARREN, D.C. and HUTT, F.B. (1936) Linkage relations of crest, dominant white and frizzling in the fowl. American Naturalist 70: 379-394.
139. XU, G. and GOODRIDGE, A.G. (1998) A CT repeat in the promoter of the chicken malic enzyme gene is essential for function at an alternative transcription start site. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 358: 83-91.
140. YAMASHINA, Y. (1944) Karyotype studies in birds. I. Comparative morphology of chromosomes in seventeen races of domestic fowl. Cytologia 13: 270-296.
141. YONASH, N., BACON, L.D., WITTER, R.L. and CHENG, H.H. (1999) High resolution mapping and identification of new quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting susceptibility to Marek's disease. Animal Genetics 30: 126-135.
142. ZIMMER, R. and VERRINDER GIBBINS, A.M. (1997) Construction and characterisation of a large-fragment chicken bacterial artificial chromosome library. Genomics 42: 217-226.
143. ZIMMER, R., KING, W.A. and VERRINDER GIBBINS, A.M. (1997) Generation of chicken Z-chromosome painting probes by microdissection for screening large-insert genomic libraries. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 78: 124-130.