Doripenem: An expected arrival in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 749-771

  Poulakou, Garyphallia ^a   Giamarellou, Helen ^a  

^a NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

Author keywords

Acinetobacter baumannii; Antibiotic policy; Antipseudomonal antibiotic; Colistin; Doripenem; Klebsiella pneumonia; Multidrug resistant epidemiology; Multidrug resistant pathogen; New antibiotic; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; BETA LACTAM; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BIAPENEM; CARBAPENEM; CEFEPIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CILASTATIN PLUS IMIPENEM; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; CP 3242; DORIPENEM; ERTAPENEM; GENTAMICIN; GLYCYLCYCLINE DERIVATIVE; IMIPENEM; LEVOFLOXACIN; MEROPENEM; METALLO BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; METRONIDAZOLE; PANIPENEM; PENICILLIN G; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; PLACEBO; THIENAMYCIN; TOBRAMYCIN; TOMOPENEM; UNINDEXED DRUG; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE;

ABDOMINAL INFECTION; ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CONVULSION; DIARRHEA; DOSAGE SCHEDULE COMPARISON; DOSE KIDNEY FUNCTION RELATION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG INDUCED HEADACHE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STABILITY; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ENZYME BLOOD LEVEL; ERYTHEMA; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; GRAM NEGATIVE ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; HUMAN; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION; INFECTION SITE ERYTHEMA; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MONOTHERAPY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; MYCOSIS; NAUSEA; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PHARMACODYNAMICS; POSITIONAL DIZZINESS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; RASH; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; SOMNOLENCE; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; VOMITING; ANIMAL; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG SCREENING; GENETICS; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CARBAPENEMS; CLINICAL TRIALS, PHASE III AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE;

EID: 44449094217     PISSN: 13543784     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.5.749     Document Type: Article

References (128)

1. Anderson DL. Doripenem. Drugs Today (Barc) 2006;42(6):399-404
2. Johnson & Johnson announces agreement to acquire Peninsula Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Available from: htlp://www.investor.jnj.com/ releaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=160602&year=2005&textOnly=false
3. Giamarellou H. Prescribing guidelines for severe Pseudomonas infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;49(2):229-33
4. Kipnis E, Sawa T, Wiener-Kronish J. Targeting mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis. Med Mal Infect 2006;36(2):78-9
5. Carmeli Y, Troillet N, Eliopoulos GM, Samote MH. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison of risks associated with different antipseudomonal agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(6):1379-82
6. Micek ST, Lloyd AE, Ritchie DJ, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection: importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(4):1306-11
7. Anonymous. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Congol 2004;32(8):470-85
8. Rossolini GM, Mantengoli E. Treatment and control of severe infections caused by multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11 (Suppl 4):17-32
9. The database of Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) Program, provides information regarding resistance rates across several countries that participate in the surveillance program. Available from:http://www.infectionacademy.org/surveilance/ [Accessed on 18 November 2007]
10. Turner PJ. Meropenem activity against European isolates: report on the MYSTIC (Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection) 2006 results. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008;60(2)185-92
11. Abbo A, Navon-Venezia S, Hammer-M? O, et al. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11(1):22-9
12. Go ES, Urban C, Burns J, et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of acinetobacter infections sensitive only to polymyxin B and sulbactam. Lancet 1994;344(8933):1329-32
13. Abbo A, Carmeli Y, Navon-Venezia S, et al. Impact of multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii on clinical outcomes. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007;26(11):793-800
14. McDonald LC. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in health care-associated pathogens and effect on treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42(Suppl 2):S65-71
15. Livermore DM, Woodford N. The beta-lactamase threat in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Trends Microbiol 2006;14(9):413-20
16. Galani I, Souli M, Koratzanis E, et al. Emerging bacterial pathogens: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates harbouring the same transferable plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1 in Greece. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;59(3):578-579
17. Karabinis A, Paramythiotou E, Mylona-Petropoulou D, et al. Colistin for Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated sepsis. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38(1):e7-9
18. Bradford PA, Bratu S, Urban C, et al. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella species possessing the class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing KPC-2 and inhibitor-resistant TEM-30 beta-lactamase in New York City. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39(1):55-60
19. Antoniadou A, Kontopidou F, Poulakou G, et al. Colistin-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae emerging in intensive care unit patients: first report of a multiclonal cluster. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;59(4):786-90
20. Rice LB. Challenges in identifying new antimicrobial agents effective for treating infections with Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43(Suppl 2):S100-5
21. Kawamoto I, Shimoji Y, Kanno O, et al. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel parenteral carbapenems, CS-023 (R-115685) and related compounds containing an amidine moiety. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2003;56(6):565-79
22. Guignard B, Entenza JM, Moreillon P. Beta-lactams against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2005;5(5):479-89
23. Thomson KS, Moland ES. CS-023 (R-115685), a novel carbapenem with enhanced in vitro activity against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;54(2):557-62
24. Koga T, Abe T, Inoue H, et al. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of CS-023 (RO4908463), a novel parenteral carbapenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(8):3239-50
25. Sugihara K, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Yamaguchi K. Carbapenemase stability of CS-023 (RO4908463) and other carbapenems [poster C1-92]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
26. Sugihara K, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Yamaguchi K. In vitro activity of CS-023 (RO4908463) against various β-lactamase producing pathogens [poster C2-2055]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
27. Zhanel GG, Karlowsky JA, Rubinstein E, Hoban DJ. Tigecyclinc: a novel glycylcycline antibiotic. Expert Rev Antiinfect Ther 2006;4(1):9-25
28. Souli M, Kontopidou FV, Koratzanis E, et al. In vitro activity of tigecycline against multiple-drug-resistant, including pan-resistant, gram-negative and gram-positive clinical isolates from Greek hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50(9):3166-69
29. Noskin GA, Tigecycline: a new glycylcycline for treatment of serious infections. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41(Suppl 5):S303-14
30. Cobo J, Morosini MI, Pintado V, et al. Use of tigecycline for the treatment of prolonged bacteremia due to a multiresistant VIM-1 and SHV-12 beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clone. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008;60(3):319-22
31. Pliatsika V, Afkou Z, Protonotariou E, Sofianou D. In vitro activity of tigecycline against metallo-[beta]- lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007
32. Giamarellou H. Treatment options for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Expert Rev Antiinfect Ther 2006;4(4):601-18
33. Reid GE, Grim SA, Aldeza CA, et al. Rapid development of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to tigecycline. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(8):1198-201
34. Peleg AY, Potoski BA, Rea R, et al. Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection while receiving tigecycline: a cautionary report. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;59(1):128-31
35. Osaki Y, Morinaka A, Mikuniya T, et al. CP3242, a novel metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor: in vitro and in vivo efficacy against clinically isolated metallo-β-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa [poster F1-332]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
36. Zhanel GG, Wiebe R, Dilay L, et al. Comparative review of the carbapenems. Drugs 2007;67(7):1027-52
37. Kahan JS, Kahan FM, Goegelman R, et al. Thienamycin, a new beta-lactam antibiotic. I. Discovery, taxonomy, isolation and physical properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1979;32(1):1-12
38. Nortby SR. Carbapenems. Med Clin North Am 1995;79(4):745-59
39. Lister ID. Carbapenems in the USA: focus on doripenem. Expert Rev Antiinfect Ther 2007;5(5):793-809
40. Moellering RC Jr, Eliopoulos GM, Sentochnik DE: The carbapenems: new broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989;24(Suppl A):1-7
41. Kropp H, Sundelof JG, Hajdu R, Kahan FM. Metabolism of thienamycin and related carbapenem antibiotics by the renal dipeptidase, dehydropeptidase. Antimicrob, Agents Chemother 1982;22(1):62-70
42. Norrby SR, Alestig K, Bjornegard B, et al. Urinary recovery of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) as affected by coadministration of N-formimidoyl thienamycin dehydropeptidase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983;23(2):300-307
43. Birnbaum J, Kahan FM, Kropp H, Macdonald JS. Carbapenems, a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics. Discovery and development of imipenem/ cilastatin. Am J Med 1985;78(6A):3-21
44. Sunagawa M, Matsumura H, Inoue T, et al. A novel carbapenem antibiotic, SM-7338 structure-activity relationships. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1990;43(5):519-32
45. Iso Y, Irie T, Nishino Y, et al. A novel 1 beta-methylcarbapenem antibiotic, S-4661. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-(5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio)-1 beta-methylcarbapenems. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1996; 49(2):199-209
46. Edwards JR. Meropenem: a microbiological overview. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995;36(Suppi A): 1-17
47. Sumita Y, Fukasawa M, Okuda T. Affinities of SM-7338 for penicillin-binding proteins and its release from these proteins in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990;34(3):484-6
48. Hashizume T, Ishino F, Nakagawa J, et al. Studies on the mechanism of action of imipenem (N-formimidoylthienamycin) in vitro: binding to the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and inhibition of enzyme activities due to the PBPs in E. coli. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1984;37(4):394-400
49. Kohler J, Dorso KL, Young K, et al. In vitro activities of the potent, broad-spectrum carbapenem MK-0826 (L-749,345) against broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichii coli clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(5):1170-6
50. Kitzis MD, Acar JF, Gutmann L. Antibacterial activity of meropenem against gram-negative bacteria with a permeability-defect and against staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989;24(Suppl A):125-32
51. Jackson JJ, Kropp H, Hurley JC. Influence of antibiotic class and concentration on the percentage of release of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1994; 169(2):471-3
52. Tsuji M, Matsuda H, Miwa H, Miyazaki S, Antimicrobial-induced release of endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison of in vitro and animal models. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;51(2):353-9
53. Bonomo RA, Szabo D. Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43(Suppl 2):S49-56
54. Vahaboglu H, Ozturk R, Aygun G, et al. Widespread detection of PER-1-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among nosocomial Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Turkey: a nationwide multicenter study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41(10):2265-9
55. Heritier C, Poirel L, Lambert T, Nordmann P. Contribution of acquired carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinases to carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(8):3198-202
56. Livermore DM. The impact of carbapenemases on antimicrobial development and therapy. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2002;3(2):218-24
57. Samra Z, Ofir O, Lishtzinsky Y, et al. Outbreak of carbapenein-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-3 in a tertiary medical centre in Israel. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007;30(6):525-9
58. Masuda N, Sakagawa E, Ohya S, et al. Substrate spccificities of MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, and MexXY-oprM efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agen1l Chemother 2000;44(12):3322-7
59. Mushtaq S, Ge Y, Livermore DM. Comparative activities of doripenem versus isolates, mutants, and transconjugants of Enterobacteriaccae and Acinetobacter spp. with characterized beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(4):1313-9
60. Mushtaq S, Ge Y, Livermore, DM. Doripenem versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro: activity against characterized isolates, mutants, and transconjugants and resistance selection potential. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(8):3086-92
61. Sakyo S, Tomita H, Tanimoto K, et al. Potency of carbapenems for the prevention of carbapenem-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the high potency of a new carbapenem doripenem. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2006;59(4):220-8
62. Huynh HK, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN. Delayed resistance selection for doripenem when passaging Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with doripenem plus an aminoglycoside. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;55(3):241-3
63. Jones RN, Huynh HK, Biedenbach DJ, et al. Doripenem (S-4661), a novel carbapenem: comparative activity against contemporary pathogens including bactericidal action and preliminary in vitro methods evaluations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;54(1):144-54
64. Brown SD, Traczewski MM. Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of a new carbapenem, doripenem: tentative disc diffusion criteria and quality control. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;55(6):944-9
65. Chen Y, Garber E, Zhao Q, et al. In vitro activity of doripenem (S-4661) against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(6):2510-1
66. Jones RN, Huynh HK, Biedenbach DJ. Activities of doripenem (S-4661) against drug-resistant clinical pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(8):3136-40
67. Fritsche TR, Stilwell MG, Jones RN. Antimicrobial activity of doripenem (S-4661): a global surveillance report 2003. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005;11(12):974-84
68. Kaniga K, Redman R, Llorens L, Friedland I. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers (ESBLs) and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates from phase 3 Trials of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) including pyelonephritis [poster E-925]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
69. Kaniga K, Umeh O, Llorens L, Friedland I. Activity of doripenem against isolates from phase 3 trials of complicated intra-abdominal infections [poster E-264]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
70. Kaniga K, Prokocimer P, Llorens L, Friedland I. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates from phase 3 trials of nosocomial pneumonia and their susceptibility to doripenem (DOR) [poster E-265]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
71. Tsuji M, Ishii Y, Ohno A, et al. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of S-4661, a new carbapenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42(1):94-9
72. Ge Y, Wikler MA, Sahm DF, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(4):1384-96
73. Goldstein E, Citron DM. In vitro activity of doripenem plus six comparator drugs against 433 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from infected diabetic foot wounds [poster E-259]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
74. Kobayashi Y. Study of the synergism between carbapenems and vancomycin or teicoplanin against MRSA, focusing on S-4661, a carbapenem newly developed in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2005:11(5):259-61
75. Mushtaq S, Warner M, GE Y, et al. In vitro interactions of doripenem with other antimicrobials [poster E-307]. 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2005; Washington, DC
76. Wexler HM, Engel AE, Glass D, Li C. In vitro activities of doripenem and comparator agents against 364 anaerobic clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(10):4413-7
77. Mikamo H, Izumi K, Hua YX, et al. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial agivities of a new injectable carbapenem, 5-4661, against gynaecological pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;46(3):471-4
78. Jones RN, Sader HS, Fritsche TR, Janechek MJ. Selection of a surrogate beta-lactam testing agent for initial susceptibility testing of doripenem, a new carbapenem. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007
79. Jones RN, Sader HS, Fritsche TR. Comparative activity of doripenem and three other carbapenems tested against Grain-negative bacilli with various beta-lactamase resistance mechanisms. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005;52(1):71-4
80. Craig WA. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26(1):1-10; quiz 11-2
81. Burgess DS. Use of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to optimize antimicrobial treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(Suppl 2):S99-104
82. Bhavnani SM, Hammel JP, et al. Use of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment analyses to support phase 2 and 3 dosing strategies for doripenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(9):3944-7
83. Kim A, Banevicius MA, Nicolau DP. In vivo efficacy of doripenem human simulated exposures against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [poster A-28a]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
84. Nishino N, Otsuki M, Izawa M. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of S-4661, a new carbapenem antibiotic [poster 115]. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 1996; New Orleans, LA
85. Totsuka K, Shiseki M, Uchiyama T, et al. In vitro post-antibiotic effect and in vivo antimicrobial activity of novel carbapenem, S-4661 [poster 113]. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 1996; New Orleans, LA
86. Credito K, Appelbaum PC. Comparative time-kill analysis of the anti-anaerobic activity of doripenem [poster E-261]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
87. Simpson AJ, Opal SM, Angus BJ, et al. Differential antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in severe melioidosis. J Infect Dis 2000;181(3):1014-9
88. Doripenem. S 4661. Drugs R&D 2003;4(6):363-5
89. Ikawa K, Morikawa N, Urakawa N, et al. Peritoneal penetration of doripenem after intravenous administration in abdominal-surgery patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60(6):1395-7
90. Floren L, Wikler M, Kilfoil T, et al. A phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of prolonged-infusion regimens of doripenem in healthy subjects [pa-16]. 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2004 October 30 - November 2; Washington, DC
91. Floren L, Wikler M, Kilfoil T, et al. A phase 1 open-label controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of doripenem administered intravenously to subjects with renal impairment [PA-17]. 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2004 October 30-November 2; Washington, DC
92. Psathas P, Kuzmission A, Ikeda K, Ihara S. Stability of doripenem for injection (500mg) in representative infusion fluids and containers [abstract 57E]. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2007 June 24-27: San Francisco; CA, USA
93. The official registry of clinical trials of NIH. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=doripenem (Accessed on 18 November 2007]
94. Saito A, Inamatsu T, Shimada J, Clinical studies of S-4661, new parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, in chronic respiratory tract infections [PF-219]. 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1997 September 28-October 1; Toronto
95. Chastre J, Wunderink R, Prokocimer P, et al. Efficacy and safety of doripenem vs. imipenem for ventilator-associated pneumonia [poster L-486]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
96. Solomkin JS, Umeh O, Jiang J, et al. Doripenem vs. meropenem with an option for oral step-down therapy in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections [poster L-487]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007 September 17-20; Chicago, IL
97. Réa-Neto Á, Niederman M, Prokocimer P, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous doripenem vs. paperacillin/tazobactam in nosocomial pneumonia [poster L-731]. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2007 September 17-20, Chicago, IL
98. Thye D, Kilfoil T, Leighton A, et al. Doripenem: a phase 1 study to evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in a Western healthy volunteer population [pa-21]. 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicorbial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2003 September 14-17; Chicago, IL
99. Saito A, Inamatsu T, Shimada J. Clinical studies of S-4661, new parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, in chronic respiratory tract infections [PF-219]. 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 1997 September 28 - October 1; Toronto
100. Calandra G, Lydick E, Carrigan J, et al. Factors predisposing to seizures in seriously ill infected patients receiving antibiotics: experience. with imipenem/cilastatin. Am J Med 1988;84(5):911-8
101. Livermore DM, Sefton AM, Scott GM. Properties and potential of ertapenem. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52(3):331-44
102. Linden P. Safety profile of meropenem: an updated review of over 6,000 patients treated with meropenem. Drug Saf 2007;30(8):657-68
103. Lunde JL, Nelson RE, Storandt HF. Acute seizures in a patient receiving divalproex sodium after starting ertapenem therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(8):1202-5
104. Horiuchi M, Kimura M, Tokumura M, et al. Absence of convulsive liability of doripenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic, in comparison with beta-lactam antibiotics. Toxicology 2006;222(1-2):114-24
105. Nakajima Y, Mizobuchi M, Nakamura M, et al. Mechanism of the drug interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics in monkeys and rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32(12):1383-91
106. Job ML, Dretler RH. Seizure activity with imipenem therapy: incidence and risk factors. Dicp 1990;24(5):467-9
107. Norrby SR, Gildon KM. Safety profile of meropenem: a review of nearly 5,000 patients treated with meropenem. Scand J Infect Dis 1999;31(1):3-10
108. Pestotnik SL, Classen DC, Evans RS, et al. Prospective surveillance of imipenem/cilastatin use and associated seizures using a hospital information system. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27(4):497-501
109. Calandra GB, Wang C, Aziz M, Brown KR. The safety profile of imipenem/ cilastatin: worldwide clinical experience based on 3470 patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 1986;18(Suppi E):193-202
110. Prescott WA Jr, Depestel DD, Ellis JJ, Regal RE. Incidence of carbapenem-associated allergic-type reactions among patients with versus patients without a reported penicillin allergy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38(8):1102-7
111. Sodhi M, Axtell SS, Callahan J, Shekar R. Is it safe to use carbapenems in patients with a history of allergy to penicillin? J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;54(6):1155-7
112. A safety and tolerability study of doripenem in patients with abdominal infections or pneumonia. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT00515034?term=dotipenem&rank=1 [Accessed on 18 November 2007]
113. An effectiveness, safety, and microbiology study of doripenem in patients with nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00502801?term=doripenem&rank=7 [Accessed on 18 November 2007]
114. FDA approves DORIBAX™ for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and complicated urinary tract infections. Available from: http://www.ortho-mcneil.com/ortho-mcneil/101507_press_release.html [Accessed on 18 November 2007]
115. The website of Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical. Available from: http://www.jnj.com
116. Fujimura S, Nakano Y, Sato T, et al. Relationship between the usage of carbapenem antibiotics and the incidence of imipenem-resiscant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Chemother 2007;13(3):147-50
117. Paul M, Benuri-Silbiger I, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L. Beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2004;328(7441):668
118. Safdar N, Handelsman J, Maki DG. Does combination antimicrobial therapy reduce mortality in Gram-negative bacteraemia? A meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4(8):519-27
119. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Macrolides beyond the conventional antimicrobials: a class of potent immunomodulators. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008;31(1):12-20
120. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Adamis T, Laoutatis G, et al. Immunomodulatory clarithromycin treatment of experimental sepsis and acute pyelonephritis caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(1):93-9
121. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Antonopoulou A, Raftogiannis M, et al. Clarithromycin is an effective immunomodulator when administered late in experimental pyelonephritis by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Infect Dis 2006;6:31
122. Tramper-Stranders GA, Wolfs TF, Fleer A, et al. Maintenance azithromycin treatment in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis: long-term outcomes related to macrolide resistance and pulmonary function. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26(1):8-12
123. Holder IA, Neely AN, Frank DW. PcrV immunization enhances survival of burned Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mice. Infect Immun 2001;69(9):5908-10
124. Baumann U, Mansouri E, Von Specht BU. Recombinant OprF-OprI as a vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Vaccine 2004;22(7):840-7
125. Baumann U, Gocke K, Gewecke B, et al. Assessment of pulmonary antibodies with induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage induced by nasal vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a clinical phase I/II study. Respir Res 2007;8:57
126. Digiandomenico A, Rao J, Goldberg JB. Oral vaccination of BALB/c mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa O antigen promotes increased survival in an acute fatal pneumonia model. Infect Immun 2004;72(12):7012-21
127. Lang AB, Rudeberg A, Schoni MH, et al. Vaccination of cystic fibrosis patients against Pseudomonas aeruginosa reduces the proportion of patients infected and delays time to infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23(6):504-10
128. Mentzelopoulos SD, Pratikaki M, Platsouka E, et al. Prolonged use of carbapenems and colistin predisposes to ventilator-associated pneumonia by pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intensive Care Med 2007;33(9):1524-32