Lipid metabolism in children and adolescents: Impact on vascular biology

Journal of Clinical Lipidology

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 127-137

  Mietus Snyder, Michele ^a,b   Krauss, Ronald M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OAKLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Dyslipidemia; Endothelial function; Lipoprotein metabolism; Peroxisome proliferating activated receptors; Vascular senescence

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B; FATTY ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CALORIC INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CHILD; CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; DIETARY INTAKE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMAN; INNATE IMMUNITY; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIFESTYLE; LIPID LIVER LEVEL; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPID STORAGE; LIPID TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; REVIEW; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VASCULAR DISEASE;

EID: 43449110918     PISSN: 19332874     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2008.04.002     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Cohen J.C., Boerwinkle E., Mosley Jr. T.H., and Hobbs H.H. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 354 (2006) 1264-1272
2. LaRosa J.C., Grundy S.M., Waters D.D., et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1425-1435
3. Barter P., Gotto A.M., LaRosa J.C., et al. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 357 (2007) 1301-1310
4. Berneis K.K., and Krauss R.M. Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity. J Lipid Res 43 (2002) 1363-1379
5. Ansell B.J., Fonarow G.C., Navab M., and Fogelman A.M. Modifying the anti-inflammatory effects of high-density lipoprotein. Curr Atheroscler Rep 9 (2007) 57-63
6. Williams K.J., Feig J.E., and Fisher E.A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms for rapid regression of atherosclerosis: from bench top to potentially achievable clinical goal. Curr Opin Lipidol 18 (2007) 443-450
7. Van Horn L., Obarzanek E., Barton B.A., et al. A summary of results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC): lessons learned. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 18 (2003) 28-41
8. McMahan C.A., Gidding S.S., Fayad Z.A., et al. Risk scores predict atherosclerotic lesions in young people. Arch Intern Med 165 (2005) 883-890
9. Rauscher F.M., Goldschmidt-Clermont P.J., Davis B.H., et al. Aging, progenitor cell exhaustion, and atherosclerosis. Circulation 108 (2003) 457-463
10. Heiss C., Keymel S., Niesler U., Ziemann J., Kelm M., and Kalka C. Impaired progenitor cell activity in age-related endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 45 (2005) 1441-1448
11. Satoh M., Ishikawa Y., Takahashi Y., Itoh T., Minami Y., and Nakamura M. Association between oxidative DNA damage and telomere shortening in circulating endothelial progenitor cells obtained from metabolic syndrome patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis (2007) Nov 3 [Epub ahead of print]
12. Brouilette S., Singh R.K., Thompson J.R., Goodall A.H., and Samani N.J. White cell telomere length and risk of premature myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23 (2003) 842-846
13. Gardner J.P., Li S., Srinivasan S.R., et al. Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere attrition. Circulation 111 (2005) 2171-2177
14. Ganz P., and Vita J.A. Testing endothelial vasomotor function: nitric oxide, a multipotent molecule. Circulation 108 (2003) 2049-2053
15. Halcox J.P., and Deanfield J.E. Childhood origins of endothelial dysfunction. Heart 91 (2005) 1272-1274
16. Tabas I., Williams K.J., and Borén J. Subendothelial lipoprotein retention as the initiating process in atherosclerosis: update and therapeutic implications. Circulation 116 (2007) 1832-1844
17. Rodenburg J., Vissers M.N., Wiegman A., et al. Statin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: the younger, the better. Circulation 116 (2007) 664-668
18. Baker J.L., Olsen L.W., and Sorensen T.I. Childhood body-mass index and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood. N Engl J Med 357 (2007) 2329-2337
19. Bibbins-Domingo K., Coxson P., Pletcher M.J., Lightwood J., and Goldman L. Adolescent overweight and future adult coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 357 (2007) 2371-2379
20. Ford E.S., and Capewell S. Coronary heart disease mortality among young adults in the U.S. from 1980 through 2002: concealed leveling of mortality rates. J Am Coll Cardiol 50 (2007) 2128-2132
21. Blasiole D.A., Davis R.A., and Attie A.D. The physiological and molecular regulation of lipoprotein assembly and secretion. Mol Biosyst 3 (2007) 608-619
22. Fruhwirth G.O., Loidl A., and Hermetter A. Oxidized phospholipids: from molecular properties to disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772 (2007) 718-736
23. Chang T.Y., Chang C.C., Ohgami N., and Yamauchi Y. Cholesterol sensing, trafficking, and esterification. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 22 (2006) 129-157
24. Weinberg J.M. Lipotoxicity. Kidney Int 70 (2006) 1560-1566
25. Panarotto D., Remillard P., Bouffard L., and Maheux P. Insulin resistance affects the regulation of lipoprotein lipase in the postprandial period and in an adipose tissue-specific manner. Eur J Clin Invest 32 (2002) 84-92
26. Genest J. Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular risk. J Inherit Metab Dis 26 (2003) 267-287
27. McLaughlin T., Reaven G., Abbasi F., et al. Is there a simple way to identify insulin-resistant individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease?. Am J Cardiol 96 (2005) 399-404
28. Krauss R.M., and Siri P.W. Metabolic abnormalities: triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 33 (2004) 405-415
29. Shin M.J., Blanche P.J., Rawlings R.S., Fernstrom H.S., and Krauss R.M. Increased plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) during a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet are associated with increased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein C-III bound to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr 85 (2007) 1527-1532
30. Puckey L.H., and Knight B.L. Interaction of oestrogen and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors with apolipoprotein(a) gene enhancers. Biochem J 366 (2002) 157-163
31. Tsimikas S., Brilakis E.S., Miller E.R., et al. Oxidized phospholipids, Lp(a) lipoprotein, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 46-57
32. Erridge C., Attina T., Spickett C.M., and Webb D.J. A high-fat meal induces low-grade endotoxemia: evidence of a novel mechanism of postprandial inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr 86 (2007) 1286-1292
33. Twickler T., Dallinga-Thie G.M., Chapman M.J., and Cohn J.S. Remnant lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 7 (2005) 140-147
34. Kawakami A., Aikawa M., Libby P., Alcaide P., Luscinskas F.W., and Sacks F.M. Apolipoprotein CIII in apolipoprotein B lipoproteins enhances the adhesion of human monocytic cells to endothelial cells. Circulation 113 (2006) 691-700
35. McGill H.J. Associations of coronary heart disease risk factors with the intermediate lesion of atherosclerosis in youth. The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20 (2000) 1998-2004
36. Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 420 (2002) 868-874
37. Libby P. Fat fuels the flame: triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and arterial inflammation. Circ Res 100 (2007) 299-301
38. Rader D.J. Molecular regulation of HDL metabolism and function: implications for novel therapies. J Clin Invest 116 (2006) 3090-3100
39. Oram J.F., and Vaughan A.M. ATP-Binding cassette cholesterol transporters and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 99 (2006) 1031-1043
40. Nakaya K., Ayaori M., Hisada T., et al. Telmisartan enhances cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages by activating PPARgamma. J Atheroscler Thromb 14 (2007) 133-141
41. de Souza J.A., Vindis C., Hansel B., et al. Metabolic syndrome features small, apolipoprotein A-I-poor, triglyceride-rich HDL3 particles with defective anti-apoptotic activity. Atherosclerosis (2007)
42. Anantharamaiah G.M., Mishra V.K., Garber D.W., et al. Structural requirements for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides. J Lipid Res 48 (2007) 1915-1923
43. Mineo C., Deguchi H., Griffin J.H., and Shaul P.W. Endothelial and antithrombotic actions of HDL. Circ Res 98 (2006) 1352-1364
44. Duriez P., Bordet R., and Berthelot P. The strange case of Dr HDL and Mr HDL: does a NO's story illuminate the mystery of HDL's dark side uncovered by Dr HDL's drug targeting CETP?. Med Hypotheses 69 (2007) 752-757
45. Haney E.M., Huffman L.H., Bougatsos C., Freeman M., Steiner R.D., and Nelson H.D. Screening and treatment for lipid disorders in children and adolescents: systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Pediatrics 120 (2007) e189-e214
46. Labarthe D., Dai S., and Fulton J. Cholesterol screening in children: insights from Project HeartBeat! and NHANES III. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 17 (2003) 169-178
47. Berenson G.S., Srinivasan S.R., Cresanta J.L., Foster T.A., and Webber L.S. Dynamic changes of serum lipoproteins in children during adolescence and sexual maturation. Am J Epidemiol 113 (1981) 157-170
48. Pinhas-Hamiel O., Lerner-Geva L., Copperman N.M., and Jacobson M.S. Lipid and insulin levels in obese children: changes with age and puberty. Obesity (Silver Spring) 15 (2007) 2825-2831
49. Jolliffe C.J., and Janssen I. Distribution of lipoproteins by age and gender in adolescents. Circulation 114 (2006) 1056-1062
50. Hata Y., and Nakajima K. Life-style and serum lipids and lipoproteins. J Atheroscler Thromb 7 (2000) 177-197
51. Chung J.H., Seo A.Y., Chung S.W., Kim M.K., Leeuwenburgh C., Yu B.P., and Chung H.Y. Molecular mechanism of PPAR in the regulation of age-related inflammation. Ageing Res Rev 7 (2008) 126-136
52. Stenvinkel P., Karimi M., Johansson S., Axelsson J., Suliman M., Lindholm B., Heimburger O., Barany P., Alvestrand A., Nordfors L., Qureshi A.R., Ekstrom T.J., and Schalling M. Impact of inflammation on epigenetic DNA methylation-a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease?. J Intern Med 261 (2007) 488-499
53. Abeles A.M., and Pillinger M.H. Statins as antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory agents: a future in rheumatologic therapy?. Arthritis Rheum 54 (2006) 393-407
54. Mudd J.O., Borlaug B.A., Johnston P.V., et al. Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: defining the role of low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity in coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 50 (2007) 1735-1741
55. Wang S.S., Schadt E.E., Wang H., et al. Identification of pathways for atherosclerosis in mice: integration of quantitative trait locus analysis and global gene expression data. Circ Res 101 (2007) e11-e30
56. Feige J.N., and Auwerx J. Transcriptional coregulators in the control of energy homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 17 (2007) 292-301
57. Sauma L., Stenkula K.G., Kjolhede P., Stralfors P., Soderstrom M., and Nystrom F.H. PPAR-gamma response element activity in intact primary human adipocytes: effects of fatty acids. Nutrition 22 (2006) 60-68
58. Hostetler H.A., Petrescu A.D., Kier A.B., and Schroeder F. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha interacts with high affinity and is conformationally responsive to endogenous ligands. J Biol Chem 280 (2005) 18667-18682
59. Wahrburg U. What are the health effects of fat?. Eur J Nutr 43 suppl 1 (2004) I/6-11
60. Ziouzenkova O., Perrey S., Asatryan L., et al. Lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins generates PPAR ligands: evidence for an antiinflammatory role for lipoprotein lipase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 (2003) 2730-2735
61. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346 (2002) 393-403
62. Sprecher D.L. Lipids, lipoproteins, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-delta. Am J Cardiol 100 (2007) S20-S24
63. Baar K. Involvement of PPAR gamma co-activator-1, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2, and PPAR alpha in the adaptive response to endurance exercise. Proc Nutr Soc 63 (2004) 269-273
64. Chinetti-Gbaguidi G., and Staels B. Measuring biomarkers to assess the therapeutic effects of PPAR agonists?. Pharmacogenomics 8 (2007) 1567-1580
65. Zandbergen F., and Plutzky J. PPARalpha in atherosclerosis and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1771 (2007) 972-982
66. Lefebvre P., Chinetti G., Fruchart J.C., and Staels B. Sorting out the roles of PPAR alpha in energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis. J Clin Invest 116 (2006) 571-580
67. Straus D.S., and Glass C.K. Anti-inflammatory actions of PPAR ligands: new insights on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Trends Immunol 28 (2007) 551-558
68. Teissier E., Nohara A., Chinetti G., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha induces NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages, leading to the generation of LDL with PPAR-alpha activation properties. Circ Res 95 (2004) 1174-1182
69. Nunn A.V., Bell J., and Barter P. The integration of lipid-sensing and anti-inflammatory effects: how the PPARs play a role in metabolic balance. Nucl Recept 5 (2007) 1
70. Diaz-Delfin J., Morales M., and Caelles C. Hypoglycemic action of thiazolidinediones/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma by inhibition of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway. Diabetes 56 (2007) 1865-1871
71. Kim F., Pham M., Luttrell I., et al. Toll-like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity. Circ Res 100 (2007) 1589-1596
72. Gensch C., Clever Y.P., Werner C., Hanhoun M., Bohm M., and Laufs U. The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone increases neoangiogenesis and prevents apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells. Atherosclerosis 192 (2007) 67-74
73. Sanguino E., Roglans N., Alegret M., Sanchez R.M., Vazquez-Carrera M., and Laguna J.C. Atorvastatin reverses age-related reduction in rat hepatic PPARalpha and HNF-4. Br J Pharmacol 145 (2005) 853-861
74. Ye P., Wang Z.J., Zhang X.J., and Zhao Y.L. Age-related decrease in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its effects on development of dyslipidemia. Chin Med J (Engl) 118 (2005) 1093-1098
75. Nilsson E., Poulsen P., Sjogren M., et al. Regulation of skeletal muscle PPAR delta mRNA expression in twins. J Physiol 584 (2007) 1011-1017
76. Ye P., Zhang X.J., Wang Z.J., and Zhang C. Effect of aging on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the possible relation to insulin resistance. Gerontology 52 (2006) 69-75
77. Wu D., Ren Z., Pae M., et al. Aging up-regulates expression of inflammatory mediators in mouse adipose tissue. J Immunol 179 (2007) 4829-4839
78. Linford N.J., Beyer R.P., Gollahon K., Krajcik R.A., Malloy V.L., Demas V., Burmer G.C., and Rabinovitch P.S. Transcriptional response to aging and caloric restriction in heart and adipose tissue. Aging Cell 6 (2007) 673-688
79. Yoon J.H., and Baek S.J. Molecular targets of dietary polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties. Yonsei Med J 46 (2005) 585-596
80. Davidson M.H. Mechanisms for the hypotriglyceridemic effect of marine omega-3 fatty acids. Am J Cardiol 98 (2006) 27i-33i
81. Saravanan N., Haseeb A., Ehtesham N.Z., and Ghafoorunissa. Differential effects of dietary saturated and trans-fatty acids on expression of genes associated with insulin sensitivity in rat adipose tissue. Eur J Endocrinol 153 (2005) 159-165
82. Sprecher D.L., Arai H., Muto K., et al. Gene expression in low glycemic index diet-impact on metabolic control. Forum Nutr 60 (2007) 127-139
83. Iemitsu M., Miyauchi T., Maeda S., et al. Aging-induced decrease in the PPAR-alpha level in hearts is improved by exercise training. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283 (2002) H1750-H1760