메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 179-188

Intensive care management of acute liver failure

Author keywords

Acute liver failure; HLA DR expression; Intracranial hypertension; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ADRENALIN; AMMONIA; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CEPHALOSPORIN; CHELATING AGENT; FENTANYL; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMINE; HLA DR3 ANTIGEN; HYDROCORTISONE; INDOMETACIN; LAMIVUDINE; MANNITOL; NORADRENALIN; PARACETAMOL; PENICILLIN G; PROPOFOL; STEROID; TERLIPRESSIN; VASOPRESSIN;

EID: 41849110983     PISSN: 10705295     EISSN: 15317072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e3282f6a450     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (53)

References (71)
  • 2
    • 0041317597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure in the United States
    • Lee WM. Acute liver failure in the United States. Semin Liver Dis 2003; 23:217-226.
    • (2003) Semin Liver Dis , vol.23 , pp. 217-226
    • Lee, W.M.1
  • 3
    • 0025946778 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: A prospective controlled trial
    • Keays R, Harrison PM, Wendon JA, et al. Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial. BMJ 1991; 303:1026-1029.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 1026-1029
    • Keays, R.1    Harrison, P.M.2    Wendon, J.A.3
  • 4
    • 0026432652 scopus 로고
    • Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Harrison PM, Wendon JA, Gimson AE, et al. Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:1852-1857.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1852-1857
    • Harrison, P.M.1    Wendon, J.A.2    Gimson, A.E.3
  • 5
    • 41849109352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves spontaneous survival in early stage nonacetaminophen acute liver failure [abstract]
    • Lee WM, Rossaro L, Fontana RJ, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves spontaneous survival in early stage nonacetaminophen acute liver failure [abstract]. Hepatology 2007; 46 (Suppl 1):268A.
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Lee, W.M.1    Rossaro, L.2    Fontana, R.J.3
  • 6
    • 31644446682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of N-acetylcysteine on blood coagulation and platelet function in patients undergoing open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
    • Niemi TT, Munsterhjelm E, Pöyhiä R, et al. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on blood coagulation and platelet function in patients undergoing open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2006; 17:29-34.
    • (2006) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis , vol.17 , pp. 29-34
    • Niemi, T.T.1    Munsterhjelm, E.2    Pöyhiä, R.3
  • 7
    • 0035110064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylcysteine reduces respiratory burst but augments neutrophil phagocytosis in intensive care unit patients
    • Heller AR, Groth G, Heller SC, et al. N-acetylcysteine reduces respiratory burst but augments neutrophil phagocytosis in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:272-276.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 272-276
    • Heller, A.R.1    Groth, G.2    Heller, S.C.3
  • 8
    • 0032845378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible peripartum liver failure: A new perspective on the diagnosis, treatment, and cause of acute fatty liver of pregnancy, based on 28 consecutive cases
    • Castro MA, Fassett MJ, Reynolds TB, et al. Reversible peripartum liver failure: a new perspective on the diagnosis, treatment, and cause of acute fatty liver of pregnancy, based on 28 consecutive cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181:389-395.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.181 , pp. 389-395
    • Castro, M.A.1    Fassett, M.J.2    Reynolds, T.B.3
  • 9
    • 33645083207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of lamivudine in patients with severe acute or fulminant hepatitis B, a multicenter experience
    • Tillmann HL, Hadem J, Leifeld L, et al. Safety and efficacy of lamivudine in patients with severe acute or fulminant hepatitis B, a multicenter experience. J Viral Hepat 2006; 13:256-263.
    • (2006) J Viral Hepat , vol.13 , pp. 256-263
    • Tillmann, H.L.1    Hadem, J.2    Leifeld, L.3
  • 10
    • 0035191873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mushroom poisoning-from diarrhea to liver transplantation
    • Broussard CN, Aggarwal A, Lacey SR, et al. Mushroom poisoning-from diarrhea to liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:3195-3198.
    • (2001) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.96 , pp. 3195-3198
    • Broussard, C.N.1    Aggarwal, A.2    Lacey, S.R.3
  • 11
    • 34547394251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Ichai P, Duclos-Vallee JC, Guettier C, et al. Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Transpl 2007; 13:996-1003.
    • (2007) Liver Transpl , vol.13 , pp. 996-1003
    • Ichai, P.1    Duclos-Vallee, J.C.2    Guettier, C.3
  • 13
    • 0037116856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure
    • Bernal W, Donaldson N, Wyncoll D, Wendon J. Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Lancet 2002; 359:558-563.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 558-563
    • Bernal, W.1    Donaldson, N.2    Wyncoll, D.3    Wendon, J.4
  • 14
    • 0033766804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acid-base changes caused by 5% albumin versus 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution in patients undergoing acute normovolemic hemodilution: A randomized prospective study
    • Rehm M, Orth V, Scheingraber S, et al. Acid-base changes caused by 5% albumin versus 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution in patients undergoing acute normovolemic hemodilution: a randomized prospective study. Anesthesiology 2000; 93:1174-1183.
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.93 , pp. 1174-1183
    • Rehm, M.1    Orth, V.2    Scheingraber, S.3
  • 15
    • 0033006751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central venous cannulation in patients with liver disease and coagulopathy - a prospective audit
    • Fisher NC, Mutimer DJ. Central venous cannulation in patients with liver disease and coagulopathy - a prospective audit. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25:481-485.
    • (1999) Intensive Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 481-485
    • Fisher, N.C.1    Mutimer, D.J.2
  • 16
    • 0033807687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute liver failure
    • Rolando N, Wade J, Davalos M, et al. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute liver failure. Hepatology 2000; 32:734-739.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.32 , pp. 734-739
    • Rolando, N.1    Wade, J.2    Davalos, M.3
  • 17
    • 0042471690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure
    • Vaquero J, Polson J, Chung C, et al. Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2003; 125:755-764.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 755-764
    • Vaquero, J.1    Polson, J.2    Chung, C.3
  • 18
    • 33745882961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression: A novel biomarker of disease severity and outcome in acetaminophen induced acute liver failure
    • Important investigation into the prognostic role of HLA-DR expression on monocytes in ALF. The findings of this study support the theory that immune paralysis may be instrumental in the high incidence of sepsis and MOF in this population
    • Antoniades CG, Berry PA, Davies ET, et al. Reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression: a novel biomarker of disease severity and outcome in acetaminophen induced acute liver failure. Hepatology 2006; 44:34-43. Important investigation into the prognostic role of HLA-DR expression on monocytes in ALF. The findings of this study support the theory that immune paralysis may be instrumental in the high incidence of sepsis and MOF in this population.
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.44 , pp. 34-43
    • Antoniades, C.G.1    Berry, P.A.2    Davies, E.T.3
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0141537234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: A randomised controlled trial
    • De Jonge E, Schultz MJ, Spanjaard L, et al. Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362:1011-1016.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1011-1016
    • De Jonge, E.1    Schultz, M.J.2    Spanjaard, L.3
  • 21
    • 0027511970 scopus 로고
    • Prospective controlled trial of selective parenteral and enteral antimicrobial regimen in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Rolando N, Gimson A, Wade J, et al. Prospective controlled trial of selective parenteral and enteral antimicrobial regimen in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1993; 17:196-201.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.17 , pp. 196-201
    • Rolando, N.1    Gimson, A.2    Wade, J.3
  • 22
    • 33745132106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Koeman M, Van der Ven AJ, Hak E, et al. Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:1348-1355.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.173 , pp. 1348-1355
    • Koeman, M.1    Van der Ven, A.J.2    Hak, E.3
  • 23
    • 35648938269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of chlorhexidine bathing to reduce catheter-associated bloodstream infections in medical intensive care unit patients
    • Bleasedale SC, Trick WE, Gonzales IM, et al. Effectiveness of chlorhexidine bathing to reduce catheter-associated bloodstream infections in medical intensive care unit patients. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167:2073-2079.
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 2073-2079
    • Bleasedale, S.C.1    Trick, W.E.2    Gonzales, I.M.3
  • 24
    • 0033055873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral herniation in patients with acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration
    • Clemmesen JO, Larsen FS, Kondrup J, et al. Cerebral herniation in patients with acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration. Hepatology 1999; 29:648-653.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.29 , pp. 648-653
    • Clemmesen, J.O.1    Larsen, F.S.2    Kondrup, J.3
  • 25
    • 29144519910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tofteng F, Hauerberg J, Hansen BA, et al. Persistent arterial hyperammonemia increases the concentration of glutamine and alanine in the brain and correlates with intracranial pressure in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006; 26:21-27. Large single-centre investigation into the predictive role of arterial ammonia for the development of encephalopathy and ICH. Although severely elevated levels were specific for ICH they lacked sensitivity. Other factors were independently associated with ICH such as age and noncerebral organ failure.
    • Tofteng F, Hauerberg J, Hansen BA, et al. Persistent arterial hyperammonemia increases the concentration of glutamine and alanine in the brain and correlates with intracranial pressure in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006; 26:21-27. Large single-centre investigation into the predictive role of arterial ammonia for the development of encephalopathy and ICH. Although severely elevated levels were specific for ICH they lacked sensitivity. Other factors were independently associated with ICH such as age and noncerebral organ failure.
  • 26
    • 37749006615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial ammonia and clinical risk factors for encephalopathy and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure
    • Large single-centre investigation into the predictive role of arterial ammonia for the development of encephalopathy and ICH. Although severely elevated levels were specific for ICH, they lacked sensitivity. Other factors were independently associated with ICH, such as age and noncerebral organ failure
    • Bernal W, Hall C, Karvellas CJ, et al. Arterial ammonia and clinical risk factors for encephalopathy and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Hepatology 2007; 46:1844-1852. Large single-centre investigation into the predictive role of arterial ammonia for the development of encephalopathy and ICH. Although severely elevated levels were specific for ICH, they lacked sensitivity. Other factors were independently associated with ICH, such as age and noncerebral organ failure.
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.46 , pp. 1844-1852
    • Bernal, W.1    Hall, C.2    Karvellas, C.J.3
  • 27
    • 29244463889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of arterial ammonia for complications and outcome in acute liver failure
    • Interesting observational study from the Indian subcontinent linking admission ammonia levels with overall outcome
    • Bhatia V, Singh R, Acharya SK. Predictive value of arterial ammonia for complications and outcome in acute liver failure. Gut 2006; 55:98-104. Interesting observational study from the Indian subcontinent linking admission ammonia levels with overall outcome.
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 98-104
    • Bhatia, V.1    Singh, R.2    Acharya, S.K.3
  • 28
    • 5444235747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow in acute liver failure: A finding in search of a mechanism
    • Vaquero J, Chung C, Blei AT. Cerebral blood flow in acute liver failure: a finding in search of a mechanism. Metab Brain Dis 2004; 19:177-194.
    • (2004) Metab Brain Dis , vol.19 , pp. 177-194
    • Vaquero, J.1    Chung, C.2    Blei, A.T.3
  • 29
    • 0028291629 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant liver failure
    • Wendon JA, Harrison PM, Keays R, Williams R. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 1994; 19:1407-1413.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 1407-1413
    • Wendon, J.A.1    Harrison, P.M.2    Keays, R.3    Williams, R.4
  • 30
    • 0027952649 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes in fulminant hepatic failure: A retrospective study
    • Aggarwal S, Kramer D, Yonas H, et al. Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes in fulminant hepatic failure: a retrospective study. Hepatology 1994; 19:80-87.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 80-87
    • Aggarwal, S.1    Kramer, D.2    Yonas, H.3
  • 32
    • 0036784144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver derived pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in producing intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure
    • Jalan R, Pollock A, Shah SH, et al. Liver derived pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in producing intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. J Hepatol 2002; 37:536-538.
    • (2002) J Hepatol , vol.37 , pp. 536-538
    • Jalan, R.1    Pollock, A.2    Shah, S.H.3
  • 33
    • 35448939296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain cytokine flux in acute liver failure and its relationship with intracranial hypertension
    • Wright G, Shawcross D, Olde Damink SW, et al. Brain cytokine flux in acute liver failure and its relationship with intracranial hypertension. Metab Brain Dis 2007; 22:375-388.
    • (2007) Metab Brain Dis , vol.22 , pp. 375-388
    • Wright, G.1    Shawcross, D.2    Olde Damink, S.W.3
  • 34
    • 25144511007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic edema is responsible for raised intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure: In vivo demonstration using diffusion weighted MRI in human subjects
    • Ranjan P, Mishra AM, Kale R, et al. Cytotoxic edema is responsible for raised intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure: in vivo demonstration using diffusion weighted MRI in human subjects. Metab Brain Dis 2005; 20:181-192.
    • (2005) Metab Brain Dis , vol.20 , pp. 181-192
    • Ranjan, P.1    Mishra, A.M.2    Kale, R.3
  • 35
    • 0035852482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term propofol infusion and cardiac failure in adult head-injured patients
    • Cremer OL, Moons KG, Bouman EA, et al. Long-term propofol infusion and cardiac failure in adult head-injured patients. Lancet 2001; 357:117-118.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 117-118
    • Cremer, O.L.1    Moons, K.G.2    Bouman, E.A.3
  • 36
    • 0033849625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical seizure activity and prophylactic phenytoin infusion in acute liver failure: A controlled clinical trial
    • Ellis AJ, Wendon JA, Williams R. Subclinical seizure activity and prophylactic phenytoin infusion in acute liver failure: a controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 2000; 32:536-541.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.32 , pp. 536-541
    • Ellis, A.J.1    Wendon, J.A.2    Williams, R.3
  • 37
    • 0026801907 scopus 로고
    • Fentanyl and sufentanyl increase intracranial pressure in head trauma patients
    • Sperry RT, Bailey PL, Reichmann MV. Fentanyl and sufentanyl increase intracranial pressure in head trauma patients. Anesthesiology 1992; 77:416-420.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 416-420
    • Sperry, R.T.1    Bailey, P.L.2    Reichmann, M.V.3
  • 38
    • 1242291931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worsening of cerebral hyperemia by the administration of terlipressin in acute liver failure with severe encephalopathy
    • Shawcross DL, Davies NA, Mookerjee RP, et al. Worsening of cerebral hyperemia by the administration of terlipressin in acute liver failure with severe encephalopathy. Hepatology 2004; 39:471-475.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.39 , pp. 471-475
    • Shawcross, D.L.1    Davies, N.A.2    Mookerjee, R.P.3
  • 39
    • 34547610773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eefsen M, Dethloff T, Frederiksen HJ. Comparison of terlipressin and noradrenalin on cerebral perfusion, intracranial pressure and extracellular concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in patients with acute liver failure in need of inotropic support. J Hepatol 2007; 47:381-386. Contrary to a previous investigation the authors found no increase in ICP with the use of the vasopressin analog terlipressin. The increase in CBF was similar during norepinephrine and terlipressin therapy. There was no evidence of increase in cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen on microdialysis.
    • Eefsen M, Dethloff T, Frederiksen HJ. Comparison of terlipressin and noradrenalin on cerebral perfusion, intracranial pressure and extracellular concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in patients with acute liver failure in need of inotropic support. J Hepatol 2007; 47:381-386. Contrary to a previous investigation the authors found no increase in ICP with the use of the vasopressin analog terlipressin. The increase in CBF was similar during norepinephrine and terlipressin therapy. There was no evidence of increase in cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen on microdialysis.
  • 40
    • 30444461539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications and use of intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with acute liver failure and severe encephalopathy
    • Vaquero J, Fontana RJ, Larson AM, et al. Complications and use of intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with acute liver failure and severe encephalopathy. Liver Transpl 2005; 11:1581-1589.
    • (2005) Liver Transpl , vol.11 , pp. 1581-1589
    • Vaquero, J.1    Fontana, R.J.2    Larson, A.M.3
  • 41
    • 0037320717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant factor VII for coagulopathy in fulminant hepatic failure compared with conventional therapy
    • Shami VM, Caldwell SH, Hespenheide EE, et al. Recombinant factor VII for coagulopathy in fulminant hepatic failure compared with conventional therapy. Liver Transpl 2003; 9:138-143.
    • (2003) Liver Transpl , vol.9 , pp. 138-143
    • Shami, V.M.1    Caldwell, S.H.2    Hespenheide, E.E.3
  • 42
    • 0026695105 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial pressure monitoring and liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure
    • Lidofsky SD, Bass NM, Prager MC, et al. Intracranial pressure monitoring and liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1992; 17:1-7.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.17 , pp. 1-7
    • Lidofsky, S.D.1    Bass, N.M.2    Prager, M.C.3
  • 43
    • 0028279665 scopus 로고
    • Recovery despite impaired cerebral perfusion in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Davies MH, Mutimer D, Lowes J, et al. Recovery despite impaired cerebral perfusion in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 1994; 343:1329-1330.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1329-1330
    • Davies, M.H.1    Mutimer, D.2    Lowes, J.3
  • 44
    • 0019980993 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of dexamethasone and mannitol for the cerebral oedema of fulminant hepatic failure
    • Canalese J, Gimson AES, Davis C, et al. Controlled trial of dexamethasone and mannitol for the cerebral oedema of fulminant hepatic failure. Gut 1982; 23:625-629.
    • (1982) Gut , vol.23 , pp. 625-629
    • Canalese, J.1    Gimson, A.E.S.2    Davis, C.3
  • 45
    • 1242269427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure
    • Murphy N, Auzinger G, Bernal W, Wendon J. The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure. Hepatology 2004; 39:464-470.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.39 , pp. 464-470
    • Murphy, N.1    Auzinger, G.2    Bernal, W.3    Wendon, J.4
  • 46
    • 0032005817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilation restores cerebral blood flow autoregulation in patients with acute liver failure
    • Strauss G, Hansen BA, Knudsen GM, Larsen FS. Hyperventilation restores cerebral blood flow autoregulation in patients with acute liver failure. J Hepatol 1998; 28:199-203.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 199-203
    • Strauss, G.1    Hansen, B.A.2    Knudsen, G.M.3    Larsen, F.S.4
  • 47
    • 7644222090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate hypothermia in patients with acute liver failure and uncontrolled intracranial hypertension
    • Jalan R, Olde Damink SW, Deutz NE, et al. Moderate hypothermia in patients with acute liver failure and uncontrolled intracranial hypertension. Gastroenterology 2004; 127:1338-1346.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.127 , pp. 1338-1346
    • Jalan, R.1    Olde Damink, S.W.2    Deutz, N.E.3
  • 48
    • 39549119567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in blood ammonia concentration with site of measurement and evidence of brain and muscle uptake in patients with acute liver failure
    • in press
    • Bernal W, Auzinger G, Sizer E, et al. Variation in blood ammonia concentration with site of measurement and evidence of brain and muscle uptake in patients with acute liver failure. Liver Int (in press).
    • Liver Int
    • Bernal, W.1    Auzinger, G.2    Sizer, E.3
  • 49
    • 3042775017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion, and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Tofteng F, Larsen FS. The effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion, and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2004; 24:798-804.
    • (2004) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.24 , pp. 798-804
    • Tofteng, F.1    Larsen, F.S.2
  • 50
    • 0027372670 scopus 로고
    • Control of cerebral edema by total hepatectomy and extracorporeal liver support in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Rozga J, Podesta L, LePage F, et al. Control of cerebral edema by total hepatectomy and extracorporeal liver support in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 1993; 342:898-899.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 898-899
    • Rozga, J.1    Podesta, L.2    LePage, F.3
  • 51
    • 0035164261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver and intestinal lactate metabolism in patients with acute liver failure undergoing liver transplantation
    • Murphy ND, Kodakat SK, Wendon J, et al. Liver and intestinal lactate metabolism in patients with acute liver failure undergoing liver transplantation. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:2111-2118.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 2111-2118
    • Murphy, N.D.1    Kodakat, S.K.2    Wendon, J.3
  • 52
    • 31744438011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional hemodynamic monitoring
    • Pinsky MR, Payen D. Functional hemodynamic monitoring. Crit Care 2005; 9:566-572.
    • (2005) Crit Care , vol.9 , pp. 566-572
    • Pinsky, M.R.1    Payen, D.2
  • 53
    • 34548132089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine plus dobutamine versus epinephrine alone for management of septic shock: A randomised trial
    • Annane D, Vignon P, Renault A, et al. Norepinephrine plus dobutamine versus epinephrine alone for management of septic shock: a randomised trial. Lancet 2007; 370:676-684.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 676-684
    • Annane, D.1    Vignon, P.2    Renault, A.3
  • 54
    • 0038663048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock: A prospective, randomized, controlled study
    • Dünser MW, Mayr AJ, Ulmer H, et al. Arginine vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Circulation 2003; 107:2313-2319.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 2313-2319
    • Dünser, M.W.1    Mayr, A.J.2    Ulmer, H.3
  • 55
    • 0036322095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical importance of adrenal insufficiency in acute hepatic dysfunction
    • Harry RA, Auzinger G, Wendon JA. The clinical importance of adrenal insufficiency in acute hepatic dysfunction. Hepatology 2002; 36:395-402.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 395-402
    • Harry, R.A.1    Auzinger, G.2    Wendon, J.A.3
  • 56
    • 34250353524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated troponin I levels in acute liver failure: Is myocardial injury an integral part of acute liver failure?
    • Interesting study investigating the role of covert myocardial injury in ALF and its role in relation to outcome
    • Parekh NK, Hynan LS, De Lemos J, et al. Elevated troponin I levels in acute liver failure: is myocardial injury an integral part of acute liver failure? Hepatology 2007; 45:1489-1495. Interesting study investigating the role of covert myocardial injury in ALF and its role in relation to outcome.
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.45 , pp. 1489-1495
    • Parekh, N.K.1    Hynan, L.S.2    De Lemos, J.3
  • 57
    • 33745752376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuhrmann V, Madl C, Mueller C, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with hypoxic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:69-75. This is the first time that a high incidence of hepatopulmonary syndrome was reported outside the setting of chronic liver disease in a subgroup of patients with ALF. It remains to be seen if some degree of intrapulmonary shunting complicates all forms of ALF.
    • Fuhrmann V, Madl C, Mueller C, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with hypoxic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:69-75. This is the first time that a high incidence of hepatopulmonary syndrome was reported outside the setting of chronic liver disease in a subgroup of patients with ALF. It remains to be seen if some degree of intrapulmonary shunting complicates all forms of ALF.
  • 58
    • 0028945735 scopus 로고
    • Acute lung injury in fulminant hepatic failure following paracetamol poisoning
    • Baudouin SV, Howdle P, O'Grady JG, et al. Acute lung injury in fulminant hepatic failure following paracetamol poisoning. Thorax 1995; 50:399-402.
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 399-402
    • Baudouin, S.V.1    Howdle, P.2    O'Grady, J.G.3
  • 59
    • 41849105631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of lung injury in acute liver failure: Diagnostic role of extravascular lung water index
    • Auzinger G, Sizer E, Bernal W, et al. Incidence of lung injury in acute liver failure: diagnostic role of extravascular lung water index. Crit Care 2004; 8 (Suppl 1):40.
    • (2004) Crit Care , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 40
    • Auzinger, G.1    Sizer, E.2    Bernal, W.3
  • 60
    • 34249698734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What tidal volumes should be used in patients without acute lung injury?
    • Schultz MJ, Haitsma JJ, Slutsky AS, et al. What tidal volumes should be used in patients without acute lung injury? Anesthesiology 2007; 106:1226-1231.
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.106 , pp. 1226-1231
    • Schultz, M.J.1    Haitsma, J.J.2    Slutsky, A.S.3
  • 61
    • 38849084732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with severe liver disease and a high incidence of refractory coagulopathy: A prospective trial
    • Auzinger G, O'Callaghan GP, Bernal W, et al. Percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with severe liver disease and a high incidence of refractory coagulopathy: a prospective trial. Crit Care 2007; 11:R110.
    • (2007) Crit Care , vol.11
    • Auzinger, G.1    O'Callaghan, G.P.2    Bernal, W.3
  • 62
    • 0026294137 scopus 로고
    • Continuous versus intermittent forms of haemofiltration and/or dialysis in the management of acute renal failure in patients with defective cerebral autoregulation at risk of cerebral oedema
    • Davenport A, Will EJ, Davison AM. Continuous versus intermittent forms of haemofiltration and/or dialysis in the management of acute renal failure in patients with defective cerebral autoregulation at risk of cerebral oedema. Contrib Nephrol 1991; 93:225-233.
    • (1991) Contrib Nephrol , vol.93 , pp. 225-233
    • Davenport, A.1    Will, E.J.2    Davison, A.M.3
  • 63
    • 0034222937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: A prospective randomised trial
    • Ronco C, Bellomo R, Homel P, et al. Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 356:26-30.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 26-30
    • Ronco, C.1    Bellomo, R.2    Homel, P.3
  • 64
    • 0033710084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of short-term, high-volume isovolemic hemofiltration on the hemodynamic course and outcome in patients with intractable circulatory failure resulting from septic shock
    • Honore PM, Jamez J, Wauthier M, et al. Prospective evaluation of short-term, high-volume isovolemic hemofiltration on the hemodynamic course and outcome in patients with intractable circulatory failure resulting from septic shock. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:3581-3587.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 3581-3587
    • Honore, P.M.1    Jamez, J.2    Wauthier, M.3
  • 65
    • 33644508148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-volume continuous veno-venous haemofiltratiom in hyper-acute liver failure: A pilot study
    • Bernal W, Wong T, Wendon J. High-volume continuous veno-venous haemofiltratiom in hyper-acute liver failure: a pilot study. Crit Care 1999; 3 (Suppl 1):212.
    • (1999) Crit Care , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 212
    • Bernal, W.1    Wong, T.2    Wendon, J.3
  • 66
    • 34548855112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration as an effective therapy for acute management of inborn errors of metabolism in young children
    • Lai YC, Huang HP, Tsai IJ, et al. High-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration as an effective therapy for acute management of inborn errors of metabolism in young children. Blood Purif 2007; 25:303-308.
    • (2007) Blood Purif , vol.25 , pp. 303-308
    • Lai, Y.C.1    Huang, H.P.2    Tsai, I.J.3
  • 67
    • 0003218882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia is associated with intracranial hypertension in patients with acute liver failure
    • Kodakat S, Gopal P, Wendon J. Hyperglycemia is associated with intracranial hypertension in patients with acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2001; 7 (Suppl):C21.
    • (2001) Liver Transpl , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Kodakat, S.1    Gopal, P.2    Wendon, J.3
  • 68
    • 0034028345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure in acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure
    • Walsh TS, Wigmore SJ, Hopton P, et al. Energy expenditure in acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:649-654.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 649-654
    • Walsh, T.S.1    Wigmore, S.J.2    Hopton, P.3
  • 69
    • 0036730173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum phosphate is an early predictor of outcome in severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
    • Schmidt LE, Dalhoff K. Serum phosphate is an early predictor of outcome in severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatology 2002; 36:659-665.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 659-665
    • Schmidt, L.E.1    Dalhoff, K.2
  • 70
    • 33748368698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver failure is uncommon in adults receiving long-term parenteral nutrition
    • Salvino R, Ghanta R, Seidner DL, et al. Liver failure is uncommon in adults receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006; 30:202-208.
    • (2006) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.30 , pp. 202-208
    • Salvino, R.1    Ghanta, R.2    Seidner, D.L.3
  • 71
    • 0037425529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial and bioartificial support systems for acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure. A systematic review
    • Kjaergard LL, Liu J, Als-Nielsen B, Gluud C. Artificial and bioartificial support systems for acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure. A systematic review. JAMA 2003; 289:217-222.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 217-222
    • Kjaergard, L.L.1    Liu, J.2    Als-Nielsen, B.3    Gluud, C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.