Assessing the efficacy of treatments for ADHD: Overview of methodological issues

CNS Drugs

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 275-290

  Madaan, Vishal ^a   Daughton, Joan ^a   Lubberstedt, Brian ^a   Mattai, Andy ^a   Vaughan, Brigette S ^b   Kratochvil, Christopher J ^b,c  

^a CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, assessment; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, treatment

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; ATOMOXETINE; METHYLPHENIDATE;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER RATING SCALE; BROWN ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER SCALE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COMPUTERIZED CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE TASK; CONNERS RATING SCALE; DRUG EFFICACY; EVALUATION; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; INATTENTION OVERACTIVITY WITH AGGRESSION CONNERS TEACHER RATING SCALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RATING SCALE; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF ADHD SYMPTOMS AND NORMAL BEHAVIOR SCALE; SWANSON KOTKIN AGLER M FLYNN AND PELHAM RATING SCALE; SWANSON NOLAN AND PELHAM RATING SCALE; VANDERBILT ADHD PARENT RATING SCALE; VANDERBILT ADHD TEACHER RATING SCALE;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; HUMANS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 40549144048     PISSN: 11727047     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200822040-00002     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000
2. Barkley RA, Fischer M, Edelbrock CS, et al. The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990; 29 (4): 546-57
3. Kessler RC, Adler LA, Barkley R, et al. Patterns and predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence into adulthood: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57 (11): 1442-51
4. Shelton TL, Barkley RA, Crosswait C, et al. Psychiatric and psychological morbidity as a function of adaptive disability in preschool children with aggressive and hyperactive-impulsive-inattentive behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1998; 26 (6): 475-94
5. Leibson CL, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, et al. Use and costs of medical care for children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. JAMA 2001; 285 (1): 60-6
6. Pliszka SR, Crismon ML, Hughes CW, et al. The Texas Children's Medication Algorithm Project: revision of the algorithm for pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Texas Consensus Conference Panel on Pharmacotherapy of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45 (6): 642-57
7. MTA Cooperative Group. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56: 1073-86
8. Wells KC, Pelham WE, Kotkin RA, et al. Psychosocial treatment strategies in the MTA study: rationale, methods, and critical issues in design and implementation. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2000; 28 (6): 483-505
9. Loney J, Milich R. Hyperactivity, inattention, and aggression in clinical practice. In: Routh DK, editor. Advances in behavioral pediatrics. New York: Plenum, 1982
10. DuPaul GJ, Power TJ, Anastopoulos AD, et al. ADHD Rating Scale IV: checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation. New York: Guilford, 1998
11. Zhang S, Faries DE, Vowles M, et al. ADHD rating scale IV: psychometric properties from a multinational study as a clinician-administered instrument. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2005; 14 (4): 186-201
12. Magnusson P, Smart J, Gretarsdottir H, et al. Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptoms in Icelandic school children: assessment with the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Rating Scale-IV. Scand J Psychol 1999; 40: 301-6
13. Faries DE, Yalcin I, Harder D, et al. Validation of the ADHD rating scale as a clinician administered and scored instrument. J Atten Disord 2001; 5 (2): 107-15
14. de Ramirez RD, Shapiro ES. Teacher ratings of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in Hispanic children. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 1998; 20: 275-93
15. Swanson J. School based assessments and interventions for ADD students. Irvine (CA): K.C. Publishing, 1992
16. Swanson JM, Kraemer HC, Hinshaw SP, et al. Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA: success rates based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at the end of treatment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 168-79
17. Conners C. A teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children. Am J Psychiatry 1969; 126: 884-8
18. Gaub M, Carlson CL. Behavioral characteristics of DSM-IV ADHD subtypes in a school-based population. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1997; 25: 103-11
19. Newcorn JH, Halperin JM, Jensen PS, et al. Symptom profiles in children with ADHD: effects of comorbidity and gender. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 137-46
20. ADHD.net [online]. Available from URL: http://www.ADHD. [Accessed 2007 Mar 25]
21. Stevens J, Quittner AL, Abikoff H. Factors influencing elementary school teachers' ratings of ADHD and ODD behaviors. J Clin Child Psychol 1998; 27: 406-14
22. Swanson JM, Gupta S, Williams L, et al. Efficacy of a new pattern of delivery of methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD: effects on activity level in the classroom and on the playground. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41: 306-14
23. Swanson JM, Wigal S, Greenhill LL, et al. Analog classroom assessment of Adderall in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37: 519-26
24. Wigal SB, Gupta S, Guinta D, et al. Reliability and validity of the SKAMP rating scale in a laboratory school setting. Psychopharmacol Bull 1998; 34: 47-53
25. Greenhill LL, Swanson JM, Vitiello B, et al. Impairment and deportment responses to different methylphenidate doses in children with ADHD: the MTA titration trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 180-7
26. Conners C. Conners' rating scales: revised technical manual. North Tonawanda (NY): Multi-Health Systems, 1997 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.mhs.com [Accessed 2008 Mar 3]
27. Wolraich ML, Feurer ID, Hannah JN, et al. Obtaining systematic teacher reports of disruptive behavior disorders utilizing DSM-IV. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1998; 26: 141-52
28. Wolraich ML. Vanderbilt ADHD Teacher Rating Scale (VADTRS) and the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS), 2003 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.nichq.org [Accessed 2008 Feb 8]
29. Lindgren S, Koeppl GG. Assessing child behavior problems in a medical setting: development of the Pediatric Behavior Scale. In: Prinz RJ, editor. Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families. Vol. 3. Greenwich (CT): JAI Press, 1987: 57-90
30. Wolraich ML, Lambert W, Doffing MA, et al. Psychometric properties of the Vanderbilt ADHD diagnostic parent rating scale in a referred population. J Pediatr Psychol 2003; 28 (8): 559-67
31. Wolraich ML, Lambert EW, Bickman L, et al. Assessing the impact of parent and teacher agreement on diagnosing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25 (1): 41-7
32. Swanson J, Schuck S, Mann M, et al. Categorical and dimensional definitions and evaluations of symptoms of ADHD: the SNAP and SWAN ratings scales, 2001 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.adhd.net [Accessed 2006 Dec 24]
33. Swanson J, Schuck S, Mann M, et al. Over-identification of extreme behavior in the evaluation and diagnosis of ADHD/HKD, 2001 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.adhd.net/SNAP_SWAN.pdf [Accessed 2006 Dec 24]
34. Pelham WE, Milich R, Murphy DA, et al. Normative data on the IOWA Conners teacher rating scale. J Clin Child Psychol 1989; 18: 259-62
35. Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Burrows-Maclean L, et al. Once-a-day concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics 2001; 107: e105
36. Smith BH, Pelham WE, Gnagy E, et al. The reliability, validity, and unique contributions of self-report by adolescents receiving treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68: 489-99
37. Pliszka SR, Browne RG, Olvera RL, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adderall and methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39: 619-26
38. Diamond IR, Tannock R, Schachar RJ. Response to methylphenidate in children with ADHD and comorbid anxiety. J Am Acad Child AdolescPsychiatry 1999; 38: 402-9
39. Scheres A, Oosterlaan J, Sergeant JA. Response execution and inhibition in children with AD/HD and other disruptive disorders: the role of behavioural activation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001; 42: 347-57
40. Brown TE. Brown attention-deficit disorder scales for children and adolescents. San Antonio (TX): Psychological Corporation, 2001 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.psychcorp.com [Accessed 2008 Mar 3]
41. Prifitera A, Saklofske D, editors. WISC-III: clinical use and interpretation. New York: Elsevier, 1998
42. O'Laughlin EM, Murphy MJ. Use of computerized continuous performance tasks for assessment of ADHD: a guide for practitioners [online]. Available from URL: http://www.division42.org/MembersArea/IPfiles/IPSum2000/ce_AssessofADHD. html [Accessed 2007 Mar 25]
43. Barkley R. Can neuropsychological tests help diagnose ADD/ADHD? ADHD Rep 1987; 1 (2): 1-3
44. Greenberg LM. Test of variables of attention: professional manual (version 7.0). Los Alamitos (CA): Universal Attention Disorders, 1996
45. Conners K. Conners' continuous performance test computer program 3.0: users manual. Toronto (ON): Multi-Health Systems, 1995
46. Sandford JA. Intermediate visual and auditory continuous performance test: administration and interpretation manual (version 1.2). Richmond (VA): BrainTrain, 1995
47. Gordon Systems and GSI Publications [online]. Available from URL: http://www.gsi-add.com/gordondiagnosticsystem.htm [Accessed 2007 Mar 25]
48. The TOVA Company [online]. Available from URL: http://www.tovacompany. com/store [Accessed 2007 Mar 25]
49. Multi-Health Systems Inc. [online]. Available from URL: http://www.mhs.com [Accessed 2007 Mar 25]
50. BrainTrain: changing the way people think [online]. Available from URL: http://www.braintrain.com/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?.Screen = CTGY& Category_Code = IVA [Accessed 2007 Mar 25]
51. Anastopoulos AD, Shelton TL. Assessing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2001
52. Gordon M, Barkley RA, Lovett BJ. Tests and observational measures. In: Barkley RA, editor. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford, 2006: 369-88
53. Swanson JM, Agler D, Fineberg E, et al. University of California, Irvine, laboratory school protocol for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. In: Greenhill LL, Osman BB, edi-tors. Ritalin: theory and practice. 2nd ed. Larchmont (NY): Mary Ann Liebert, 2000: 405-30
54. Fabiano GA, Pelham WE, Waschbusch D, et al. A practical impairment measure: psychometric properties of the Impairment Rating Scale in three samples of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2006; 35: 369-85
55. Gresham FM, Elliott SN. Social skills rating system. Circle Pines (MN): American Guidance Service, 1990
56. DuPaul GJ, Rapport MD, Perriello LM. Teacher ratings of academic skills: the development of the Academic Performance Rating Scale. School Psychol Rev 1991; 20: 284-300
57. Pearson: assessments for specialized education needs [online]. Available from URL: http://ags.pearsonassessments.com/group.asp?.nGroupInfoID=a3400 [Accessed 2007 Jul 1]
58. Shaffer D, Gould MS, Brasic J, et al. A children's global assessment scale (CGAS). Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983; 40: 1228-31
59. WHO, with an introduction by Michael Rutter. Multiaxial classification of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders in children and adolescents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996
60. Schorre BE, Vandvik IH. Global assessment of psychosocial functioning in child and adolescent psychiatry: a review of three unidimensional scales (CGAS, GAF, GAPD). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 13 (5): 273-86
61. Sorensen JL, Hargreaves WA, Friedlander S. Child global rating scales: selecting a measure of client functioning in a large mental health system. Eval Program Plann 1982; 5: 337-47
62. Clinical global impressions. In: Guy W, editor. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology, revised. Rockville (MD): National Institute of Mental Health, 1976: 218-22. DHEW publication no. ADM 76-338
63. Likert scaling [online]. Available from URL: http://www. socialresearchmethods.net/kb/scallik.php [Accessed 2008 Feb 8]
64. Collett BR, Ohan JL, Myers KM. Ten-year review of rating scales: V. Scales assessing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003; 42 (9): 1015-37
65. Snyder SM, Hall JR, Cornwell SL, et al. Review of clinical validation of ADHD behavior rating scales. Psychol Rep 2006; 99 (2): 363-78
66. Pelham Jr WE, Fabiano GA, Massetti GM. Evidence-based assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2005; 34 (3): 449-76