Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): A review

Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 152-160

  Vijayanand, Pandurangan ^b   Wilkins, Ed ^a   Woodhead, Mark ^b  

^a NORTH MANCHESTER GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b MANCHESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Community acquired pneumonia; Coronavirus; Epidemic; SARS; SARS CoV; Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFUROXIME; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INTERFERON; MACROLIDE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; STEROID;

CHINA; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; DETERIORATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; NONHUMAN; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; SARS CORONAVIRUS; SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VIROLOGY;

DISEASE OUTBREAKS; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; SARS VIRUS; SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME;

EID: 4043133213     PISSN: 14702118     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.4-2-152     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Woodhead M, Ewig S, Torres A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Eur Respir J 2003;21:739-40.
2. World Health Organization Multicentre Collaborative Network for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diagnosis. A multicentre collaboration to investigate the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2003;361:1730-3.
3. Krause R. In: Morse SS (ed) Emerging infections. Foreword. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
4. Pearson H, Clarke T, Abbott A, Knight J, Cyranoski D. SARS: what have we learned? Nature 2003;424:121-6.
5. Ng SK. Possible role of an animal vector in the SARS, outbreak at Amoy Gardens. Lancet 2003;362:570-2.
6. Fouchier RA, Kuiken T, Schutten M, van Amerongen G et al. Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus. Nature 2003;423:240.
7. Peiris JS, Lai ST, Poon LL, Guan Y et al. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2003;361:1319-25.
8. Ksiazek TG, Erdman D, Goldsmith CS, Zaki SR et al. A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1953-66.
9. Drosten C, Gunther S, Preiser W, van der Werf S et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1967-76.
10. Martina BE, Haagmans BL, Kuiken T, Fouchier RA et al. Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets. Nature 2003;425:915.
11. Rota PA, Oberste MS, Monroe SS, Nix WA et al. Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Science 2003;300:1394-9.
12. Kuiken T, Fouchier RA, Schutten M, Rimmelzwaan GF et al. Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2003;362:263-70.
13. Marra MA, Jones SJ, Astell CR, Holt RA et al. The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus. Science 2003;300:1399-404.
14. Ruan YJ, Wei CL, Ee AL, Vega VB et al. Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection. Lancet 2003;361:1779-85. Erratum: Lancet 2003;361:1832.
15. Ruan YJ, Wei CL, Ee AL, Vega VB et al. Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection. Lancet 2003;361:1779-85. Erratum: Lancet 2003;361:1832.
16. Brown EG, Tetro JA. Comparative analysis of the SARS coronavirus genome: a good start to a long journey. Lancet 2003;361:1756-7.
17. Yoh JM, Field H, Rashdi AM, Morrissy C et al. Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:439-41.
18. Zhong NS, Zheng BJ, Li YM, Poon LLM et al. Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China, in February, 2003. Lancet 2003;362:1353-8.
19. Guan Y, Zheng BJ, He YQ, Liu XL et al. Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in Southern China. Science 2003;302:276-8.
20. WHO website. http://www.who.int/csr/sars/postoutbreak/en/
21. Donnelly CA, Ghani AC, Leung GM, Hedley AJ et al. Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. Lancet 2003;361:1761-6. Erratum: Lancet 2003;361:1832.
22. Donnelly CA, Ghani AC, Leung GM, Hedley AJ et al. Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. Lancet 2003;361:1761-6. Erratum: Lancet 2003;361:1832.
23. Lipsitch M, Cohen T, Cooper B, Robins JM et al. Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Science 2003;300:1966-70.
24. Riley S, Fraser C, Donnelly CA, Ghani AC et al. Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: impact of public health interventions. Science 2003;300:1961-6.
25. Seto WH, Tsang D, Yung RW, Ching TY et al. Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Lancet 2003;361:1519-20.
26. Nicholls JM, Poon LL, Lee KC, Ng WF et al. Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2003;361:1773-8.
27. To KF, Chan PK, Chan KF, Lee WK et al. Pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus. J Med Virol 2001;63:242-6.
28. Cheung CY, Poon LL, Lau AS, Luk W et al. Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease? Lancet 2002;360:1831-7.
29. Li L, Wo J, Shao J, Zhu H et al. SARS-coronavirus replicates in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood (PBMCs) from SARS patients. J Clin Virol 2003;28:239-44.
30. Collins AR. Human macrophages are susceptible to coronavirus OC43. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998;440:635-9.
31. Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC, Chan KS et al; HKU/UCH SARS Study Group. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. Lancet 2003;361:1767-72.
32. Tsang KW, Ho PL, Ooi GC, Yee WK et al. A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1977-85.
33. Poutanen SM, Low DE, Henry B, Finkelstein S et al; Canadian Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Study Team. Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1995-2005.
34. Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, Chan P et al. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1986-94.
35. Booth CM, Matukas LM, Tomlinson GA, Rachlis AR et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area. JAMA 2003;289:2801-9. Erratum: JAMA 2003;290:334.
36. Booth CM, Matukas LM, Tomlinson GA, Rachlis AR et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area. JAMA 2003;289:2801-9. Erratum: JAMA 2003;290:334.
37. Fowler RA, Lapinsky SE, Hallett D, Detsky AS et al; Toronto SARS Critical Care Group. Critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA 2003;290:367-73.
38. Leung WK, To KF, Chan PK, Chan HL et al. Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1011-7.
39. Lew TW, Kwek TK, Tai D, Earnest A et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA 2003;290:374-80.
40. Wong RS, Wu A, To KF, Lee N et al. Haematological manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: retrospective analysis. BMJ 2003;326:1358-62.
41. Goh JS, Tsou IY, Kaw GJ. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): imaging findings during the acute and recovery phases of disease. J Thorac Imaging 2003;18:195-9.
42. Grinblat L, Shulman H, Glickman A, Matukas L, Paul N. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: radiographic review of 40 probable cases in Toronto, Canada. Radiology 2003;228:802-9.
43. Wong KT, Antonio GE, Hui DS, Lee N et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: radiographic appearances and pattern of progression in 138 patients. Radiology 2003;228:401-6.
44. Muller NL, Ooi GC, Khong PL, Nicolaou S. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: radiographic and CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:3-8.
45. Wong KT, Antonio GE, Hui DS, Lee N et al. Thin-section CT of severe acute respiratory syndrome: evaluation of 73 patients exposed to or with the disease. Radiology 2003;228:395-400.
46. Antonio GE, Wong KT, Hui DS, Wu A et al. Thin-section CT in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome following hospital discharge: preliminary experience. Radiology 2003;228:810-5.
47. Tanaka N, Matsumoto T, Kuramitsu T, Nakaki H et al. High resolution CT findings in community-acquired pneumonia. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1996;20:600-8.
48. Tsui PT, Kwok ML, Yuen H, Lai ST. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: clinical outcome and prognostic correlates. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:1064-9.
49. Chan JW, Ng CK, Chan YH, Mok TY et al. Short term outcome and risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes in adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Thorax 2003;58:686-9.
50. Hon KL, Leung CW, Cheng WT, Chan PK et al. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children. Lancet 2003;361:701-3.
51. Poon LL, Chan KH, Wong OK, Yam WC et al. Early diagnosis of SARS coronavirus infection by real time RT-PCR. J Clin Virol 2003;28:233-8.
52. Rainer TH, Cameron PA, Smit D, Ong KL et al. Evaluation of WHO criteria for identifying patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome out of hospital: prospective observational study. BMJ 2003;326:1354-8.
53. BIS/BTS SARS Guideline July 2003. Website. http://www.brit-tho-racic.org. uk/docs/Sars%20guidance%20ver%203Ju12003.doc.
54. Li TS, Buckley TA, Yap FH, Sung JJ, Joynt GM. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): infection control. Lancet 2003;361:1386.
55. Lapinsky SE, Hawryluck L. ICU management of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2003;29:870-5.
56. So LK, Lau AC, Yam LY, Cheung TM et al. Development of a standard treatment protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2003;361:1615-7.
57. Wang H, Ding Y, Li X, Yang L et al. Fatal aspergillosis in a patient with SARS who was treated with corticosteroids. N Engl J Med 2003;349:507-8.
58. Ho JC, Ooi GC, Mok TY, Chan JW et al. High-dose pulse versus nonpulse corticosteroid regimens in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:1449-56.
59. Knowles SR, Phillips EJ, Dresser L, Matukas L. Common adverse events associated with the use of ribavirin for severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:1139-42.
60. Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, Chandra P et al. Treatment of SARS with human interferons. Lancet 2003;362:293-4. Erratum: Lancet 2003;362:748.
61. Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, Chandra P et al. Treatment of SARS with human interferons. Lancet 2003;362:293-4. Erratum: Lancet 2003;362:748.
62. Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, Chandra P et al. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet 2003;361:2045-6.
63. Anand K, Ziebuhr J, Wadhwani P, Mesters JR, Hilgenfeld R. Coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro) structure: basis for design of anti-SARS drugs. Science 2003;300:1763-7.
64. De Groot AS. How the SARS vaccine effort can learn from HIV - speeding towards the future, learning from the past. Vaccine 2003;21:4095-104.
65. Schlagenhauf P. Influenza vaccine enlisted to prevent SARS confusion. Lancet 2003;362:809.
66. Johnson MA, Pooley C, Ignjatovic J, Tyack SG. A recombinant fowl adenovirus expressing the S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus protects against challenge with infectious bronchitis virus. Vaccine 2003;21:2730-6.
67. Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Dobbe JC, Thiel V et al. Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage. J Mol Biol 2003;331:991-1004.
68. Enserink M, Vogel G. Infectious diseases. Deferring competition, global net closes in on SARS. Science 2003;300:224-5.