Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: Possible role in hypertension and kidney disease

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 70-77

  Wysocki, Jan ^b   González Pacheco, Francisco R ^b   Batlle, Daniel ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ANGIOTENSIN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 2; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN[1-7]; ANGIOTENSIN[1-9]; BETA CASOMORPHINE; BRADYKININ; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DYNORPHIN; FIBRONECTIN; GHRELIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; NEUROTENSIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; DOWN REGULATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME ASSAY; ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; ENZYME SUBSTRATE; GENE DELETION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY CORTEX; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY PROXIMAL TUBULE; KIDNEY TUBULE EPITHELIUM; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN TARGETING; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SURFACE ENHANCED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; TISSUE SPECIFICITY; URINARY EXCRETION;

ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; BIOLOGICAL ASSAY; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASES; PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM;

EID: 39149145508     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-008-0014-1     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, et al.: A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 2000, 274:33238-33243.
2. Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, et al.: A novel angiotensin-coverting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts antiogensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res 2000, 87:E1-E9.
3. Towler P, Staker B, Prasad SG, et al.: ACE2 X-ray structures reveal a large hinge-bending motion important for inhibitor binding and catalysis. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:17996-18007.
4. Guy JL, Jackson RM, Acharya KR, et al.: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2): comparative modeling of the active site, specificity requirements, and chloride dependence. Biochemistry 2003, 42:13185-13192.
5. Zhang H, Wada J, Hida K, et al.: Collectrin, a collecting duct-specific transmembrane glycoprotein, is a novel homolog of ACE2 and is developmentally regulated in embryonic kidneys. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:17132-17139.
6. Danilczyk U, Sarao R, Remy C, et al.: Essential role for collectrin in renal amino acid transport. Nature 2006, 444:1088-1091.
7. Malakauskas SM, Quan H, Fields TA, et al.: Aminoaciduria and altered renal expression of luminal amino acid transporters in mice lacking novel gene collectrin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007, 292:F533-F544.
8. Zhang Y, Wada J, Yasuhara A, et al.: The role for HNF-1beta-targeted collectrin in maintenance of primary cilia and cell polarity in collecting duct cells. PLoS ONE 2007, 2:e414.
9. Rella M, Elliot JL, Revett TJ, et al.: Identification and characterisation of the angiotensin converting enzyme-3 (ACE3) gene: a novel mammalian homologue of ACE. BMC Genomics 2007, 8:194.
10. Danilczyk U, Penninger JM: Angiotensin-converting enzyme II in the heart and the kidney. Circ Res 2006, 98:463-471.
11. Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, et al.: A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury. Nat Med 2005, 11:875-879.
12. Imai Y, Kuba K, Rao S, et al.: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure. Nature 2005, 436:112-116.
13. Ye M, Wysocki J, Naaz P, et al.: Increased ACE2 and decreased ACE protein in renal tubules from diabetic mice: a renoprotective combination? Hypertension 2004, 43:1120-1125.
14. Soler MJ, Wysocki J, Ye M, et al.: ACE2 inhibition worsens glomerular injury in association with increased ACE expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Kidney Int 2007, 72:614-623.
15. Ye M, Wysocki J, William J, et al.: Glomerular localization and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme: implications for albuminuria in diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:3067-3075.
16. Wysocki J, Ye M, Soler MJ, et al.: ACE and ACE2 activity in diabetic mice. Diabetes 2006, 55:2132-2139.
17. Vickers C, Hales P, Kaushik V, et al.: Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:14838-14843.
18. Su Z, Zimpelmann J, Burns KD: Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits angiotensin II-stimulated phosphorylation of MAP kinases in proximal tubular cells. Kidney Int 2006, 69:2212-2218.
19. Ferrario CM, Jessup J, Gallagher PE, et al.: Effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on renal angiotensin-(1-7) forming enzymes and receptors. Kidney Int 2005, 68:2189-2196.
20. Elased KM, Cunha TS, Gurley SB, et al.: New mass spectrometric assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity. Hypertension 2006, 47:1010-1017.
21. Shaltout HA, Westwood BM, Averill DB, et al.: Angiotensin metabolism in renal proximal tubules, urine, and serum of sheep: evidence for ACE2-dependent processing of angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007, 292:F82-F91.
22. Li N, Zimpelmann J, Cheng K, et al.: The role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in the generation of angiotensin 1-7 by rat proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005, 288:F353-F362.
23. Ocaranza MP, Godoy I, Jalil JE, et al.: Enalapril attenuates downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the late phase of ventricular dysfunction in myocardial infarcted rat. Hypertension 2006, 48:572-578.
24. Ferrario CM, Jessup J, Chappell MC, et al.: Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Circulation 2005, 111:2605-2610.
25. Burrell LM, Risvanis J, Kubota E, et al.: Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans. Eur Heart J 2005, 26:369-375.
26. Donoghue M, Wakimoto H, Maguire CT, et al.: Heart block, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death in ACE2 transgenic mice with downregulated connexins. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2003, 35:1043-1053.
27. Douglas GC, O'Bryan MK, Hedger MP, et al.: The novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog, ACE2, is selectively expressed by adult Leydig cells of the testis. Endocrinology 2004, 145:4703-4711.
28. Huang L, Sexton DJ, Skogerson K, et al.: Novel peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:15532-15540.
29. Riviere G, Michaud A, Breton C, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and ACE activities display tissue-specific sensitivity to undernutrition-programmed hypertension in the adult rat. Hypertension 2005, 46:1169-1174.
30. Rice GI, Jones AL, Grant PJ, et al.: Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study. Hypertension 2006, 48:914-920.
31. Lambert DW, Yarski M, Warner FJ, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). J Biol Chem 2005, 280:30313-30319.
32. Warner FJ, Lew RA, Smith AI, et al.: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but not ACE, is preferentially localized to the apical surface of polarized kidney cells. J Biol Chem 2005, 280:39353-39362.
33. Tikellis C, Johnston CI, Forbes JM, et al.: Characterization of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension 2003, 41:392-397.
34. Brosnihan KB, Neves LA, Joyner J, et al.: Enhanced renal immunocytochemical expression of ANG-(1-7) and ACE2 during pregnancy. Hypertension 2003, 42:749-753.
35. Lely AT, Hamming I, van Goor H, Navis GJ: Renal ACE2 expression in human kidney disease? J Pathol 2004, 204:587-593.
36. Wysocki J, Soler MJ, Ye M, Batlle D: ACE2 is critically important for angiotensin II metabolism in podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:TH-PO877.
37. Velez JC, Bland AM, Arthur JM, et al.: Characterization of renin-angiotensin system enzyme activities in cultured mouse podocytes. Am J Phsiol Renal Physiol 2007, 293:F398-F407.
38. Hamming I, Cooper ME, Haagmans BL, et al.: The emerging role of ACE2 in physiology and disease. J Pathol 2007, 212:1-11.
39. Oudit GY, Herzenberg AM, Kassiri Z, et al.: Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 leads to the late development of angiotensin II-dependent glomerulosclerosis. Am J Pathol 2006, 168:1808-1820.
40. Wong DW, Oudit GY, Reich H, et al.: Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (Ace2) accelerates diabetic kidney injury. Am J Pathol 2007, 171:438-451.
41. Crackower MA, Sarao R, Oudit GY, et al.: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function. Nature 2002, 417:822-828.
42. Tikellis C, Cooper ME, Bialkowski K, et al.: Developmental expression of ACE2 in the SHR kidney: a role in hypertension? Kidney Int 2006, 70:34-41.
43. Zhong J, Yan Z, Liu D, et al.: Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene A/G polymorphism and elevated blood pressure in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome. J Lab Clin Med 2006, 147:91-95.
44. Huang W, Yang W, Wang Y, et al.: Association study of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene (ACE2) polymorphisms and essential hypertension in northern Han Chinese. J Hum Hypertens 2006, 20:968-971.
45. Fan X, Wang Y, Sun K, et al.: Polymorphisms of ACE2 gene are associated with essential hypertension and antihypertensive effects of Captopril in women. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007, 82:187-196.
46. Benjafield AV, Wang WY, Morris BJ: No association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene (ACE2) polymorphisms with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2004, 17:624-628.
47. Lieb W, Graf J, Götz A, et al.: Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene polymorphisms with parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy in men. Results of the MONICA Augsburg echocardiographic substudy. J Mol Med 2006, 84:88-96.
48. Wakahara S, Konoshita T, Mizuno S, et al.: Synergistic expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 in human renal tissue and confounding effects of hypertension on the ACE to ACE2 ratio. Endocrinology 2007, 148:2453-2457.
49. Joyner J, Neves LA, Granger JP, et al.: Temporal-spatial expression of ANG-(1-7) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the kidney of normal and hypertensive pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007, 293:R169-R177.
50. Gurley SB, Allred A, Le TH, et al.: Altered blood pressure responses and normal cardiac phenotype in ACE2-null mice. J Clin Invest 2006, 116:2218-2225.
51. Ye M, Wysocki J, Rodriguez E, et al.: Recombinant ACE2 attenuates angiotensin II induced hypertension. Hypertension 2007, 50:LB10.