Nutritargeting

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research

Volumn 54, Issue , 2008, Pages 179-217

  Biesalski, Hans Konrad ^a   Tinz, Jana ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39049140627     PISSN: 10434526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1043-4526(07)00005-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (120)

1. Albanes D., Heinonen O.P., Taylor P.R., Virtamo J., Edwards B.K., Rautalahti M., Hartman A.M., Palmgren J., Freedman L.S., Haapakoski J., Barrett M.J., Pietinen P., et al. Alpha-Tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: Effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 88 (1996) 1560-1570
2. Auerbach O., Hammond E.C., and Garfinkel L. Changes in bronchial epithelium in relation to cigarette smoking, 1955-1960 vs. 1970-1977. N. Engl. J. Med. 300 (1979) 381-386
3. Aukrust P., Mulle F., Ueland T., Svardal A.M., Berge R.K., and Froland S.S. Decreased vitamin A levels in common variable immunodeficiency: Vitamin A supplementation in vivo enhances immunoglobulin production and downregulates inflammatory response. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 30 (2000) 252-259
4. Back E.I., Frindt C., Ocenasková E., Nohr D., Stern M., and Biesalski H.K. Can changes in hydrophobicity increase the bioavailability of α-tocopherol?. Eur. J. Nutr. 45 (2005) 1-6
5. Barreto M.L., Santos L.M., Assis A.M., Araujo M.P., Farenzena G.G., Santos P.A., and Fiaccone R.L. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower-respiratory-tract infections in young children in Brazil. Lancet 344 (1994) 228-231
6. Bartels M., Biesalski H.K., Engelhart K., Sendlhofer G., Rehak P., and Nagel E. Pilot study on the effect of parenteral vitamin E on ischemia and reperfusion induced liver injury: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Nutr. 23 (2004) 1360-1370
7. Bertram J.F., and Rogers A.W. Recovery of bronchial epithelium on stopping smoking. BMJ 283 (1981) 1567-1569
8. Bhandari N., Bhan M.K., and Sazawal S. Impact of massive dose of vitamin A given to preschool children with acute diarrhea on subsequent respiratory and diarrhea morbidity. Br. Med. J. 309 (1994) 1404-1407
9. Biesalski H.K. Quantitative and qualitative microdetermination of different fatty acid esters of retinol including their isomeric configurations in small tissue samples. Methods Enzymol. 189 (1990) 83-91
10. Biesalski H.K. Effects of intratracheal application of vitamin A on concentrations of retinol derivates in plasma, lungs and selected tissue of rats. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 66 (1996) 106-112
11. Biesalski H.K., and Frank J. Antioxidants in cancer therapy: Is there a rationale to recommend antioxidants during cancer therapy?. In: Pompella A., Bánhegyi G., and Wellman-Rousseau M. (Eds). "Thiol Metabolism and Redox Regulation of Cellular Functions". NATO Science Series, Series I: Life and Behavioural Sciences Vol. 347 (2002), IOS Press, The Netherlands 252-264
12. Biesalski H.K., and Weiser H. Sensitive analysis of retinyl esters by isocratic adsorption chromatography. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 27 (1989) 65-74
13. Biesalski H.K., and Weiser H. Microdetermination of retinyl esters in Guinea pig tissues under different vitamin A-status conditions. Micronutr. Anal. 7 (1990) 97-116
14. Biesalski H.K., and Stofft E. Biochemical, morphological, and functional aspects of systemic and local vitamin A deficiency in the respiratory tract. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 669 (1992) 325-331
15. Biesalski H.K., and Weiser H. β-carotene supplements can not meet all vitamin A requirements of vitamin A-deficient rats. NY Acad. Sci. 691 (1993) 216-219
16. Biesalski H.K., Wellner U., Stofft E., and Baessler K.H. Vitamin A deficiency and sensory function. Acta Vitaminol. Enzymol. 7 Suppl. (1985) 45-54
17. Biesalski H.K., Wellner U., and Weiser H. Increased noise susceptibility during vitamin A deficiency in guinea pigs. J. Nutr. 120 (1990) 726-737
18. Biesalski H.K., Reifen R., Fürst P., and Edris M. Retinyl palmitate supplementation by inhalation of an aerosol improves vitamin A status of preschool children in Gondar (Ethiopia). Br. J. Nutr. 82 (1999) 179-182
19. Biesalski H.K., Sobeck U., and Weiser H. Topical application of vitamin A reverses metaplasia of rat vaginal epithelium. Eur. J. Med. Res. 6 (2001) 391-398
20. Bitzen U., Winquist M., Nilsson-Ehle P., and Fex G. Retinyl palmitate is a reproducible marker for chylomicron elimination from blood. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 54 (1994) 611-613
21. Blaner W.S. Retinol-binding protein: The serum transport protein for vitamin. Endocrinol. Rev. 10 (1989) 308-316
22. Bloem M.W., Wedel M., and Egger R.J. Mild vitamin A deficiency and risk of respiratory tract diseases and diarrhea in preschool and school children in north-eastern Thailand. Am. J. Epidemiol. 131 (1990) 332-339
23. Boers J.E., Ten Velde G.P.M., and Thunnissen F.B.J.M. P53 in squamous metaplasia: A marker for risk of respiratory tract carcinoma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153 (1996) 411-416
24. Breuninger H., and Kahn A.N. Über die lokale Wirkung von Vitamin A an der Nasenschleimhaut. HNO-Wegweiser für die Fachärztliche Praxis 8 (1960) 280-282
25. Chopra D.P., and Joiakim A.P. Differences in lectin binding in squamous metaplasia induced by benzo(a)pyrene and vitamin A deficiency in hamster tracheal explants. In Vitro Cell Dev. Boil. 27 (1991) 223-228
26. Chytil F. Function of vitamin A in the respiratory tract. Acta Vitaminol. Enzymol. 76 (1985) 27-31
27. Chytil F. The lungs and vitamin A. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 262 (1992) L517-L527
28. Denning M.F., and Verma A.K. The mechanism of the inhibition of squamous differentiation of rat tracheal 2C5 cells by retinoic acid. Carcinogenesis 15 (1994) 503-507
29. Deshpande A.A., Tabatabay C., Hughes P.M., and Gurny R. Therapeutic applications of retinoids in ophthalmology [Review]. Int. J. Pharm. 157 (1997) 1-15
30. Donelly B.I. Vitamin A and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 150 (1996) 882-892
31. Duncan R.B., and Briggs M. Treatment of uncomplicated anosmia by vitamin A. Arch. Otolaryngol. 75 (1962) 36-44
32. Edes T.E., Gysbers D.G., Buckley C.S., and Thornton Jr. W.H. Exposure to the carcinogen benzopyrene depletes tissue vitamin A: Beta-carotene prevents depletion. Nutr. Cancer 15 (1991) 159-166
33. Epstein J.B., and Gorsky M. Topical application of vitamin A to oral leukoplakia: A clinical case series. Cancer 86 (1999) 921-927
34. Erhardt J.G., Mack H., Sobeck U., and Biesalski H.K. β-Carotene and α-tocopherol concentration and antioxidant status in buccal mucosal cells and plasma after oral supplementation. Br. J. Nutr. 87 (2002) 471-475
35. Filteau S.M., Morris S.S., Abbott R.A., Tomkins A.M., Kirkwood B.R., Arthur P., Ross D.A., Gyapong J.O., and Raynes J.G. Influence of morbidity on serum retinol of children in a community-based study in northern Ghana. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58 (1993) 192-197
36. Finney D.J. In: Griffin C. (Ed). "Statistical Methods in Biological Assay," (1978), London and High Wycombe 69-125
37. Fiorella P.D., Olson J.R., and Napoli J.L. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces diverse retinoic acid metabolites in multiple tissues of the Sprague-Dawley rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 134 (1995) 222-228
38. Gerlach T., Biesalski H.K., Weiser H., Haeussermann B., and Baessler K.H. Vitamin A in parenteral nutrition: Uptake and distribution of retinyl esters after intravenous application. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50 (1989) 1029-1038
39. Gonzáles J.R., Hermann J.M., Boedeker R.H., Francz P.I., Biesalski H.K., and Meyle J. Concentration of interleukin-1β and neutrophil elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during experimental gingivitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 28 (2001) 544-549
40. Goodman G.E., Thornquist M.D., Balmes J., Cullen M.R., Meyskens Jr. F.L., Omenn G.S., Valanis B., and Williams Jr. J.H. The beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial: Incidence of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality during 6-year follow-up after stopping beta-carotene and retinol supplements. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 96 (2004) 1743-1750
41. Gouveia J., Mathé G., Hercend T., Gros F., Lemaigre G., Santelli G., Homasson J.P., Gaillard J.P., Angebault M., Bonniot J.P., Lededente A., Marsac J., et al. Degree of bronchial metaplasia in heavy smokers and its regression after treatment with a retinoid. Lancet 1 (1982) 710-712
42. Guzman K., Gray T.E., Yoon J.H., and Nettesheim P. Quantitation of mucin RNA by PCR reveals induction of both MUC2 and MUC5AC mRNA levels by retinoids. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (1996) 1023-1028
43. Greenberg B.L., Semba R.D., Vink P.E., Farley J.J., Sivapalasingam M., Steketee R.W., Thea D.M., and Schoenbaum E.E. Vitamin A deficiency and maternal-infant transmission of HIV in two metropolitan areas in the United States. AIDS 11 (1997) 325-332
44. Hanberg A., Nilsson C.B., Trossvik C., and Hakansson H. Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the lymphatic absorption of a single oral dose of [3H]retinol and on the intestinal retinol esterification in the rat. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 55 (1998) 331-344
45. Hakansson H., and Ahlborg U.G. The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the uptake, distribution and excretion of a single oral dose of [11, 12-3H]retinyl acetate and on the vitamin A status in the rat. J. Nutr. 115 (1985) 759-771
46. Häussinger K., Stanzel F., and Huber R.M. Autofluorescence detection of bronchial tumors with D-light/AF. Diag. Ther. Endosc. 5 (1999) 105-112
47. Häussinger K., Picheler J., Stanzel F., Markus A., Stepp H., Morresi-Hauff A., and Baumgartner R. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy: The D-light system. Prog. Respir. Res. 30 (2000) 243-252
48. Hinds T.S., West W.L., and Knight E.M. Carotenoids and retinoids: A review of research, clinical, and public health applications. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 37 (1997) 551-558
49. Humphrey J.H., Agoestina T., Wu L., Usman A., Nurachim M., Subardja D., Hidayat S., Tielsch J., West K.P., and Sommer A. Impact of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant morbidity and mortality. J. Pediatr. 128 (1996) 489-496
50. Inayama Y., Kitamura H., Shibagaki T., Usuda Y., Ito T., Nakatani Y., and Kanisawa M. In vivo growth and differentiation potential of tracheal basal cells of rabbits in vitamin A deficiency. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 77 (1996) 89-97
51. Italian Collaborative Groupon Preterm Delivery (ICGPD). Supplementation and plasma levels of vitamin A premature newborns at risk for chronic lung disease. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 20 (1993) 144-151
52. Jetten A.M., and Smits H. Regulation of differentiation of tracheal epithelial cells by retinoids. Ciba Found. Symp. 113 (1985) 61-76
53. John G.C., Nduati R.W., Mbori-Ngacha D., Overbaugh J., Welch M., Richardson B.A., Ndinya-Achola J., Bwayo J., Krieger J., Onyango F., and Kreiss J.K. Genital shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA during pregnancy: Association with immunosuppression, abnormal cervical or vaginal discharge, and severe vitamin A deficiency. J. Infect. Dis. 175 (1997) 57-62
54. Kanda Y., Yamamoto N., and Yoshino Y. Utilization of vitamin A in rats with inflammation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1034 (1990) 337-341
55. Kelley S.K., Nilsson C.B., Green M.H., Green J.B., and Hakansson H. Use of model-based compartmental analysis to study effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on vitamin A kinetics in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 44 (1998) 1-13
56. Kohlhäufl M., Haussinger K., Stanzel F., Markus A., Tritschler J., Muhlhofer A., Morresi-Hauf A., Golly I., Scheuch G., Jany B.H., and Biesalski H.K. Inhalation of aerosolized vitamin A: Reversibility of metaplasia and dysplasia of human respiratory epithelia - a prospective pilot study. Eur. J. Med. Res. 7 (2001) 72-78
57. Kramer I. "Nutritargeting. Development and Investigation of an Innovative Carrier System for the Targeted Delivery of Alpha-Tocopherol and Lutein in vitro" (2005), Dissertation Universität Hohenheim, Shaker Verlag
58. Lam S., Kennedy T., and Unger M. Localisation of bronchial intraepithelial neoplastic lesions by fluorescence bronchoscopy. Chest 13 (1998) 696-702
59. Lasnitzki I., and Bollag W. Prevention and reversal by a retinoid of 3,4-benzpyrene and cigarette smoke condensate-induced hyperplasia of rodent respiratory epithelia in organ culture. Cancer Treat Rep. 66 (1982) 1375-1380
60. Lasnitzki I., and Bollag W. Prevention and reversal by non-polar carotenoid (Ro 150778) of 3,4-benzpyrene and cigarette smoke condensate-induced hyperplasia of rodent respiratory epithelia grown in vitro. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 23 (1987) 861-865
61. Lee J.S., Lippman M., Benner S.E., Lee J., Ro J.Y., Lukeman J.M., Morice R.C., Peters E.J., Pang A.C., Fritsche H.A., and Hong W.K. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of isoretinoin in chemoprevention of bronchial squamous metaplasia. J. Clin. Oncol. 12 (1994) 937-945
62. Lewis D.W. Vitamin A, occurrence and distribution in fractionated mucus. Lipids 8 (1973) 321-323
63. Li Y., Dawson M.I., Agadir A., Lee M.O., Jong L., Hobbs P.D., and Zhang X.K. Regulation of RARβ expression by RAR- and RXR-selective retinoids in human lung cancer cell lines: Effect on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. Int. J. Cancer 75 (1998) 88-95
64. Massaro G.D., and Massaro D. Retinoic acid treatment abrogates elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in rats. Nat. Med. 3 (1997) 675-677
65. Mathé G., Gouveia J., Hercend T., Gros F., Dorval T., Hazon J., Misset J.L., Schwarzenberg L., Ribaud P., Lemaire G., Santinelli G., Homasson J.P., et al. Detection of precancerous bronchus metaplasia in heavy smokers and its regression following retinoid treatment. In: Meyskens F.L., and Prasad K.N. (Eds). "Modulation and Mediation of Cancer by Vitamins" (1983), Karger, Basel 317-321
66. McCullough F.S.W., Northrop-Clewes C.A., and Thurnham D. The effect of vitamin A on epithelial integrity. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 58 (1999) 289-293
67. McDowell E., Becci P.J., Barett L.A., and Trump B.F. Lung biology in health and disease. In: Harris C.C. (Ed). "Pathogenesis and Therapy of Lung Cancer" Vol. 10 (1978), Marcel Dekker, New York 461
68. McDowell E.M., Keenan K.P., and Huang M. Effects of vitamin A-deprivation on hamster tracheal epithelium. A quantitative morphologic study. Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. 45 (1984) 197-219
69. McDowell E.M., Keenan K.P., and Huang M. Restoration of mucociliary tracheal epithelium following deprivation of vitamin A. A quantitative morphologic study. Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. 45 (1984) 221-240
70. McDowell E.M., Ben T., Coleman B., Chang S., Newkirk C., and De Luca L.M. Effects of retinoic acid on the growth and morphology of hamster tracheal epithelial cells in primary culture. Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. 54 (1987) 38-51
71. McDowell E.M., Ben T., Newkirk C., Chang S., and De Luca M. Differentiation of tracheal mucociliary epithelium in primary cell culture recapsulates normal fetal development and regeneration following injury in hamsters. Am. J. Pathol. 129 (1987) 511-522
72. McGowan S.E., Doro M.M., and Jackson S. Endogenous retinoids increase perinatal elastin gene expression in rat lung fibroblasts and fetal explants. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (1997) L410-L416
73. Melvyn S.M., Tockman M.D., and Anthonisen N. Airways obstruction and the risk of lung cancer. Ann. Int. Med. 106 (1987) 512-518
74. Morabia A., Sorenson A., Kumanyika H., Abbey H., Cohen B.H., and Chee E. Vitamin A, cigarette smoking, and airway obstruction. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140 (1989) 1312-1316
75. Mupanemunda R.H., Lee D.S.C., Fraher L.J., Koura I.R., and Chance G.W. Postnatal changes in serum retinol status in very low birth weight infants. Early Hum. Dev. 38 (1994) 45-54
76. Napoli J. Retinoic acid biosynthesis and metabolism. FASEB J. 10 (1996) 993-1001
77. Nerurkar M.M., Burton P.S., and Borchardt R.T. The use of surfactants to enhance the permeability of peptides through Caco-2 cells by inhibition of an apically polarized efflux system. Pharm. Res. 13 (1996) 528-534
78. Nettesheim P., and Griesemer R.A. Experimental models for studies of respiratory tract carcinogenesis. In: Harris C.C. (Ed). "Pathogenesis and Therapy of Lung Cancer" (1978), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York
79. Neuzil K.M., Gruber W.C., Chytil F., Stahlman M.T., Engelhardt B., and Graham B.S. Serum vitamin A levels in respiratory syncytial virus infection. J. Pediatr. 124 (1994) 433-436
80. Nilsson C.B., Hoegberg P., Trossvik C., Azais-Braesco V., Blaner W.S., Fex G., Harrison E.H., Nau H., Schmidt C.K., van Bennekum A.M., and Hakansson H. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin increases serum and kidney retinoic acid levels and kidney retinol esterification in the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 169 (2000) 121-131
81. Pearson E., Bose C., Snidow T., Ransom L., Young T., Bose G., and Stiles A. Trial of vitamin A supplementation in very low birth weight infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J. Pediatr. 121 (1992) 420-427
82. Phillips R.W., Kikendall J.W., Luk G.D., Willis S.M., Murphy J.R., Maydonovitch C., Bowen P.E., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M., and Wong R.K. Beta-carotene inhibits rectal mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity in colon cancer patients. Cancer Res. 53 (1993) 3723-3725
83. Ponnamperuma R.M., Kirchhof S.M., Trifiletti L., and De Luca L.M. Ovariectomy increases squamous metaplasia of uterine horns and survival SENCAR mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70 (1999) 502-508
84. Ponticello A., Barra E., Giani U., Bocchino M., and Sanduzzi A. p53 immunohistochemistry can identify bronchial dysplastic lesions proceeding to lung cancer: A prospective study. Eur. Respir. J. 15 (2000) 547-552
85. Quadro L., Gamble M.V., Vogel S., Lima A.A., Piantedosi R., Moore S.R., Colantuoni V., Gottesman M.E., Guerrant R.L., and Blazer W.S. Retinol and retinol-binding protein: Gut integrity and circulating immunoglobulins. J. Infect. Dis. 1 (2000) 97-102
86. Rahman M.M., Mahalanabis D., Alvarez J.O., Wahed M.A., Islam M.A., Habte D., and Khaled M.A. Acute respiratory infections prevent improvement of vitamin A status in young infants supplemented with vitamin A. J. Nutr. 126 (1996) 628-633
87. Ramakrishnan U., Latham M.C., Abel R., and Frongillo Jr. E.A. Vitamin A supplementation and morbidity among preschool children in South India. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61 (1995) 1295-1303
88. Ramakrishnan U., Latham M.C., and Abel R. Vitamin A supplementation does not improve growth of preschool children; A randomized, double-blind field trial in South India. J. Nutr. 125 (1995) 202-211
89. Rahmathullah L., Underwood B.A., Thulasiraj R.D., and Milton R.C. Diarrhea, respiratory infections and growth are not affected by a weekly low-dose vitamin A supplement: A masked, controlled field trial in children in Southern India. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54 (1991) 568-577
90. Rutten A.A., Wilmer J.W., and Beems R.B. Effects of all-trans retinol and cigarette smoke condensate on hamster tracheal epithelium in organ culture. I. A cell proliferation study. Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. 55 (1988) 167-175
91. Rutten A.A., Beems R.B., and Wilmer J.W. Effects of all-trans retinol and cigarette smoke condensate on hamster tracheal epithelium in organ culture. II. A histomorphological study. Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. 55 (1988) 177-186
92. Saccomano G., Archer V.E., Auerbach O., Saunders R.P., and Brennan L.M. Development of carcinoma of the lung as reflected in exfoliated cells. Cancer 33 (1974) 256-270
93. Schulz C., Engel U., Kreienberg R., and Biesalski H.K. Vitamin A and beta-carotene supply of women with gemini or short birth intervals: A pilot study. Eur. J. Nutr. 46 (2007) 12-20
94. Schulz C., Obermüller-Jevic U.C., Hasselwander O., Bernhardt J., and Biesalski H.K. Comparison of the relative bioavailability of different coenzyme Q10 formulations with a novel solubilizate (Solutrade mark Q10). Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 57 (2006) 46-55
95. Seeballuck F., Lawless E., Ashford M.B., and O'Driscoll C.M. Stimulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion by polysorbate 80: In vitro and in vivo correlation using Caco-2 cells and a cannulated rat intestinal lymphatic model. Pharm. Res. 21 (2004) 2320-2326
96. Semba R.D. The role of vitamin A and related retinoids in immune function. Nutr. Rev. 56 (1998) 38-48
97. Shah R.S., and Rajalekshmi R. Vitamin A status of the newborn in relation to gestational age, body weight, and maternal nutritional status. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 40 (1984) 794-800
98. Shensi J.P., Chytil F., and Stahlman M.T. Liver vitamin A reserves of very low birth weight neonates. Pediatr. Res. 19 (1985) 892-893
99. Simm K. Klinische Erprobung von Coldastop bei Rhinitis sicca, Nasentropenabusus und postoperativen pathologischen Heilungsverläufen. Therapie Woche 30 (1980) 8002-8003
100. Skillud D.M., Offord K.P., and Miller R.D. Higher risk of lung cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A prospective matched controlled study. Ann. Int. Med. 105 (1987) 503-507
101. Sobeck U., Fischer A., and Biesalski H.K. Uptake of vitamin A in buccal mucosal cells after topical application of retinyl palmitate: A randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial. Br. J. Nutr. 90 (2003) 69-74
102. Sommer A. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity. Lancet 342 (1993) 1420-1424
103. Sommer A., Katz J., and Tarwatjo I. Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency. Am. J. Nutr. 40 (1984) 1090-1095
104. Sommer A., Rarwotjo I., and Katz J. Increased risk of xerophthalmia following diarrhea and respiratory disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 45 (1986) 977-980
105. Sporn M.B., Dunlop N.M., Newton D.L., and Smith J.M. Prevention of chemical carcinogenesis by vitamin A and its synthetic analogs (retinoids). Fed. Proc. 35 (1976) 1332-1338
106. Stahlman M.T. Chronic lung disease following hyaline membrane disease. In: Stern L., and Vert P. (Eds). "Neonatal Medicine" (1984), Masson, New York 454-473
107. Stephensen C.B., Alvarez J.O., Kohatsu J., Hardmeier R., Kennedy J.I., and Gammon Jr. R.B. Vitamin A is excreted in the urine during acute infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60 (1994) 388-392
108. Stofft E., Biesalski H.K., Zschaebitz A., and Weiser H. Morphological changes in the tracheal epithelium of guinea pigs in conditions of "marginal" vitamin A deficiency. A light, scanning- and transmission-electron microscopic study under special breeding conditions appropriate to early vitamin A deficiency. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 62 (1992) 134-142
109. Stofft E., Biesalski H.K., Niederauer U., Zschäbitz A., and Weiser H. Morphological changes in the tracheal epithelium of guinea pigs in conditions of "acute" vitamin A deficiency. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. 62 (1992) 143-147
110. Thunberg T., and Håkansson H. Vitamin A (retinol) status in the Gunn rat. The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Arch. Toxicol. 53 (1983) 225-233
111. Thunberg T., Ahlborg U.G., Hakansson H., Krantz C., and Monier M. Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the hepatic storage of retinol in rats with different dietary supplies of vitamin A (retinol). Arch. Toxicol. 45 (1980) 273-285
112. Traber M.G., Kayden H.J., Green J.B., and Green M.H. Absorption of water-miscible forms of vitamin E in a patient with cholestasis and in thoracic duct-cannulated rats. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44 (1986) 914-923
113. Traber M.G., Schiano T.D., Steephen A.C., Kayden H.J., and Shike M. Efficacy of water-soluble vitamin E in the treatment of vitamin E malabsorption in short-bowel syndrome. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59 (1994) 1270-1274
114. Van der Waerden B.L., and Nievergelt E. "Tafeln zum Vergleich zweier Stichproben mittels χ-Test und Zeichentest" (1956), Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag
115. Wang X.D., Liu C., Bronson R.T., Smith D.E., Krinsky N.I., and Russell R.M. Retinoid signaling and activator protein-1 expression in ferrets given β-carotene supplements and exposed to tobacco smoke. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91 (1999) 60-66
116. Willett W.C., Stampfer M.J., Underwood B.A., Sampson L.A., Hennekens C.H., Wallingford J.C., Cooper L., Hsieh C.C., and Speizer F.E. Vitamin A supplementation and plasma retinol levels: A randomized trial among women. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 73 (1984) 1445-1448
117. World Health Organization. Prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency and Xerophthalmia. WHO 37th World Health Assembly, agenda item 20.A37/A. Conference paper No. 6 (1984)
118. World Health Organization. National strategies for overcoming micronutrient malnutrition. WHO 45th World Health Assembly, provisional agenda item 21.A45/17 (1992)
119. Younes R.N., Gross J.L., and Dehienzelin D. Follow-up in lung cancer. Chest 115 (1999) 1494-1499
120. Zachman R.D. Retinol (vitamin A) and the neonate: Special problems of the human premature infant. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50 (1989) 413-424