메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 2-25

An update on cardiovascular adrenergic receptor physiology and potential pharmacological applications in veterinary critical care

Author keywords

receptor; receptor; Adrenergic receptor agonist; Adrenergic receptor antagonist; Catecholamine

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 38849098360     PISSN: 14793261     EISSN: 14764431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2007.00266.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (191)
  • 1
    • 0036172806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of perivascular sympathetic nerves and regional differences in the features of sympathetic innervation of the vascular system
    • Tsuru H, Tanimitsu N, Hirai T. Role of perivascular sympathetic nerves and regional differences in the features of sympathetic innervation of the vascular system. Jpn J Pharmacol 2002 88 : 9 13.
    • (2002) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.88 , pp. 9-13
    • Tsuru, H.1    Tanimitsu, N.2    Hirai, T.3
  • 2
    • 38849088374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic cardiovascular control: Lessons from autonomic disorders
    • Lu CL, Tung CS, Jordan J, et al. Autonomic cardiovascular control: lessons from autonomic disorders. J Med Sci 2003 23 : 243 248.
    • (2003) J Med Sci , vol.23 , pp. 243-248
    • Lu, C.L.1    Tung, C.S.2    Jordan, J.3
  • 3
    • 0037027442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysautonomias: Clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system
    • Goldstein DS, Robertson D, Esler M, et al. Dysautonomias: clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Ann Intern Med 2002 137 : 753 763.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 753-763
    • Goldstein, D.S.1    Robertson, D.2    Esler, M.3
  • 4
    • 0034806075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic modulation of blood pressure variability
    • Julien C, Malpas SC, Stauss HM. Sympathetic modulation of blood pressure variability. J Hypertens 2001 19 : 1707 1712.
    • (2001) J Hypertens , vol.19 , pp. 1707-1712
    • Julien, C.1    Malpas, S.C.2    Stauss, H.M.3
  • 5
    • 0033913796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic imbalance, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk
    • Brook RD, Julius S. Autonomic imbalance, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk. Am J Hypertens 2000 13 : 112S 122S.
    • (2000) Am J Hypertens , vol.13
    • Brook, R.D.1    Julius, S.2
  • 6
    • 0037966169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroeffector mechanisms involved in the regulation of dog splenic arterial tone
    • Chiba S, Yang XP. Neuroeffector mechanisms involved in the regulation of dog splenic arterial tone. J Pharmacol Sci 2003 92 : 84 92.
    • (2003) J Pharmacol Sci , vol.92 , pp. 84-92
    • Chiba, S.1    Yang, X.P.2
  • 7
    • 25144519738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network of the sympathetic nervous system: Focus on the input and output of the cervical sympathetic ganglion
    • Asamoto K. Network of the sympathetic nervous system: focus on the input and output of the cervical sympathetic ganglion. Anat Sci Int 2005 80 : 132 140.
    • (2005) Anat Sci Int , vol.80 , pp. 132-140
    • Asamoto, K.1
  • 8
    • 0034999544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular adrenoceptors: An update
    • Guimaraes S, Moura D. Vascular adrenoceptors: an update. Pharmacol Rev 2001 53 : 319 356.
    • (2001) Pharmacol Rev , vol.53 , pp. 319-356
    • Guimaraes, S.1    Moura, D.2
  • 9
    • 0034813406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic control of the venous system in health and disease: Effects of drugs
    • Pang CC. Autonomic control of the venous system in health and disease: effects of drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2001 90 : 179 230.
    • (2001) Pharmacol Ther , vol.90 , pp. 179-230
    • Pang, C.C.1
  • 10
    • 0032538035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic neuromuscular transmission at a varicosity in a syncytium
    • Bennett MR, Cheung A, Brain KL. Sympathetic neuromuscular transmission at a varicosity in a syncytium. Microsc Res Tech 1998 42 : 433 450.
    • (1998) Microsc Res Tech , vol.42 , pp. 433-450
    • Bennett, M.R.1    Cheung, A.2    Brain, K.L.3
  • 11
    • 0036254814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The broader view: Catecholamine abnormalities
    • Vincent S, Robertson D. The broader view: catecholamine abnormalities. Clin Auton Res 2002 12 (Suppl. 1) : I44 I49.
    • (2002) Clin Auton Res , vol.12 , Issue.1
    • Vincent, S.1    Robertson, D.2
  • 12
    • 23944482967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of catechol O-methyltransferase to the removal of accumulated interstitial catecholamines evoked by myocardial ischemia
    • Kuroko Y, Fujii T, Yamazaki T, et al. Contribution of catechol O-methyltransferase to the removal of accumulated interstitial catecholamines evoked by myocardial ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2005 388 : 61 64.
    • (2005) Neurosci Lett , vol.388 , pp. 61-64
    • Kuroko, Y.1    Fujii, T.2    Yamazaki, T.3
  • 14
    • 0023019853 scopus 로고
    • Adrenal enkephalin and catecholamine contents following subarachnoid hemorrhage in cats
    • Klein RL, Yabuno N, Peeler DF, et al. Adrenal enkephalin and catecholamine contents following subarachnoid hemorrhage in cats. Neuropeptides 1986 8 : 143 158.
    • (1986) Neuropeptides , vol.8 , pp. 143-158
    • Klein, R.L.1    Yabuno, N.2    Peeler, D.F.3
  • 15
    • 4143144205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine metabolism: A contemporary view with implications for physiology and medicine
    • Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS. Catecholamine metabolism: a contemporary view with implications for physiology and medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2004 56 : 331 349.
    • (2004) Pharmacol Rev , vol.56 , pp. 331-349
    • Eisenhofer, G.1    Kopin, I.J.2    Goldstein, D.S.3
  • 16
    • 0031417067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of peripheral catecholamine responses to acute stress in young adult and aged F-344 rats
    • McCarty R, Pacak K, Goldstein DS, et al. Regulation of peripheral catecholamine responses to acute stress in young adult and aged F-344 rats. Stress 1997 2 : 113 122.
    • (1997) Stress , vol.2 , pp. 113-122
    • McCarty, R.1    Pacak, K.2    Goldstein, D.S.3
  • 17
    • 0021966738 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and function of peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system
    • Ruffolo RRJ. Distribution and function of peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1985 22 : 827 833.
    • (1985) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.22 , pp. 827-833
    • Ruffolo, R.R.J.1
  • 18
    • 0242515908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radioligands for imaging myocardial alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors
    • Riemann B, Schafers M, Law MP, et al. Radioligands for imaging myocardial alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. Nuklearmedizin 2003 42 : 4 9.
    • (2003) Nuklearmedizin , vol.42 , pp. 4-9
    • Riemann, B.1    Schafers, M.2    Law, M.P.3
  • 19
    • 0035975947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonselective versus selective beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in congestive heart failure: Differential effects on sympathetic activity
    • Azevedo ER, Kubo T, Mak S, et al. Nonselective versus selective beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in congestive heart failure: differential effects on sympathetic activity. Circulation 2001 104 : 2194 2199.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2194-2199
    • Azevedo, E.R.1    Kubo, T.2    Mak, S.3
  • 20
    • 20544437598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamental considerations of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in human heart failure
    • Molenaar P, Parsonage WA. Fundamental considerations of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in human heart failure. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2005 26 : 368 375.
    • (2005) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.26 , pp. 368-375
    • Molenaar, P.1    Parsonage, W.A.2
  • 21
    • 0345490696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory G-proteins and their role in desensitization of the adenylyl cyclase pathway in heart failure
    • El-Armouche A, Zolk O, Rau T, et al. Inhibitory G-proteins and their role in desensitization of the adenylyl cyclase pathway in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2003 60 : 478 487.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.60 , pp. 478-487
    • El-Armouche, A.1    Zolk, O.2    Rau, T.3
  • 22
    • 84951653316 scopus 로고
    • A study of the adrenotropic receptors
    • Ahlquist RF. A study of the adrenotropic receptors. Am J Physiol 1948 153 : 586 600.
    • (1948) Am J Physiol , vol.153 , pp. 586-600
    • Ahlquist, R.F.1
  • 23
    • 0033624872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoceptor subtypes: Functions and signaling
    • 1-adrenoceptor subtypes: functions and signaling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2000 78 : 267 292.
    • (2000) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.78 , pp. 267-292
    • Varma, D.R.1    Deng, X.F.2
  • 25
    • 0002563557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptors and signal transduction
    • In: Opie, L.H. ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp.
    • Opie LH. Receptors and signal transduction, In : Opie LH. ed. Heart Physiology: From Cell to Circulation. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2004, pp. 186 220.
    • (2004) Heart Physiology: From Cell to Circulation. , pp. 186-220
    • Opie, L.H.1
  • 26
    • 0025176953 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic receptors. Models for regulation of signal transduction processes
    • Raymond JR, Hnatowich M, Lefkowitz RJ, et al. Adrenergic receptors. Models for regulation of signal transduction processes. Hypertension 1990 15 : 119 131.
    • (1990) Hypertension , vol.15 , pp. 119-131
    • Raymond, J.R.1    Hnatowich, M.2    Lefkowitz, R.J.3
  • 28
    • 0025212680 scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenergic receptor involved in coupling to phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and enhanced sensitivity of biological function
    • 1-adrenergic receptor involved in coupling to phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and enhanced sensitivity of biological function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990 87 : 2896 2900.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.87 , pp. 2896-2900
    • Cotecchia, S.1    Exum, S.2    Caron, M.G.3
  • 29
    • 0033306656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptor-mediated functional responses
    • 2-adrenoceptor-mediated functional responses. J Auton Pharmacol 1999 19 : 335 345.
    • (1999) J Auton Pharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 335-345
    • Broadley, K.J.1
  • 30
    • 2942744546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: A meta-analysis
    • Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis. Chest 2004 125 : 2309 2321.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 2309-2321
    • Salpeter, S.R.1    Ormiston, T.M.2    Salpeter, E.E.3
  • 31
    • 0034037332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenoceptor subclassification: An approach to improved cardiovascular therapeutics
    • Hieble JP. Adrenoceptor subclassification: an approach to improved cardiovascular therapeutics. Pharm Acta Helv 2000 74 : 163 171.
    • (2000) Pharm Acta Helv , vol.74 , pp. 163-171
    • Hieble, J.P.1
  • 33
    • 28044451344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging concepts and therapeutic implications of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling
    • Zheng M, Zhu W, Han Q, et al. Emerging concepts and therapeutic implications of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling. Pharmacol Ther 2005 108 : 257 268.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Ther , vol.108 , pp. 257-268
    • Zheng, M.1    Zhu, W.2    Han, Q.3
  • 34
    • 0032824704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of beta-adrenoceptor signaling in cardiac function and disease
    • Dzimiri N. Regulation of beta-adrenoceptor signaling in cardiac function and disease. Pharmacol Rev 1999 51 : 465 501.
    • (1999) Pharmacol Rev , vol.51 , pp. 465-501
    • Dzimiri, N.1
  • 36
    • 0037903095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 adrenoceptor function in health and disease from transgenic animal studies
    • 1 adrenoceptor function in health and disease from transgenic animal studies. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2003 14 : 107 113.
    • (2003) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.14 , pp. 107-113
    • Tanoue, A.1    Koshimizu, T.A.2    Shibata, K.3
  • 38
    • 0038291778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible role of alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes in acute migraine therapy
    • Willems EW, Valdivia LF, Villalon CM, et al. Possible role of alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes in acute migraine therapy. Cephalalgia 2003 23 : 245 257.
    • (2003) Cephalalgia , vol.23 , pp. 245-257
    • Willems, E.W.1    Valdivia, L.F.2    Villalon, C.M.3
  • 41
    • 0032567817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in aortas of 12-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in aortas of 12-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1998 344 : 31 36.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.344 , pp. 31-36
    • Xu, K.1    Lu, Z.2    Wei, H.3
  • 42
    • 0032571351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 adrenergic receptor subtypes
    • 2 adrenergic receptor subtypes. Life Sci 1998 62 : 1467 1472.
    • (1998) Life Sci , vol.62 , pp. 1467-1472
    • Heck, D.A.1    Bylund, D.B.2
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0035834159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasopeptidase inhibitors: A new therapeutic concept in cardiovascular disease?
    • Corti R, Burnett JCJ, Rouleau JL, et al. Vasopeptidase inhibitors: a new therapeutic concept in cardiovascular disease? Circulation 2001 104 : 1856 1862.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 1856-1862
    • Corti, R.1    Burnett, J.C.J.2    Rouleau, J.L.3
  • 45
    • 0035463112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular remodeling in hypertension: Roles of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis
    • Intengan HD, Schiffrin EL. Vascular remodeling in hypertension: roles of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hypertension 2001 38 : 581 587.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.38 , pp. 581-587
    • Intengan, H.D.1    Schiffrin, E.L.2
  • 46
    • 0018908867 scopus 로고
    • 2 adrenoceptor-mediated pressor responses in pithed rats
    • 2 adrenoceptor-mediated pressor responses in pithed rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980 214 : 275 281.
    • (1980) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.214 , pp. 275-281
    • Yamaguchi, I.1    Kopin, I.J.2
  • 47
    • 0023624516 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic control of cerebral arteries: Specialization in receptor type, reserve, affinity, and distribution
    • Bevan JA, Duckworth J, Laher I, et al. Sympathetic control of cerebral arteries: specialization in receptor type, reserve, affinity, and distribution. FASEB J 1987 1 : 193 198.
    • (1987) FASEB J , vol.1 , pp. 193-198
    • Bevan, J.A.1    Duckworth, J.2    Laher, I.3
  • 48
    • 1542329722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 adrenoceptors: Evaluation of receptor subtype-binding kinetics in intact arterial tissues and comparison with membrane binding
    • 1 adrenoceptors: evaluation of receptor subtype-binding kinetics in intact arterial tissues and comparison with membrane binding. Br J Pharmacol 2004 141 : 468 476.
    • (2004) Br J Pharmacol , vol.141 , pp. 468-476
    • Tanaka, T.1    Zhang, L.2    Suzuki, F.3
  • 49
    • 0032879443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of vascular smooth muscle alpha-adrenoceptors in canine blood vessels
    • Kwan DC. Heterogeneity of vascular smooth muscle alpha-adrenoceptors in canine blood vessels. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999 26 : 822 823.
    • (1999) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.26 , pp. 822-823
    • Kwan, D.C.1
  • 51
    • 0032724573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1D-adrenoceptors: Are they related to hypertension?
    • 1D-adrenoceptors: are they related to hypertension? Arch Med Res 1999 30 : 347 352.
    • (1999) Arch Med Res , vol.30 , pp. 347-352
    • Villalobos-Molina, R.1    Ibarra, M.2
  • 52
    • 0035955756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoceptor subtypes
    • 1-adrenoceptor subtypes. Circ Res 2001 89 : 815 822.
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.89 , pp. 815-822
    • Zhang, H.1    Faber, J.E.2
  • 54
    • 0030010452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediate constriction of arterioles and venules
    • Leech CJ, Faber JE. Different alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediate constriction of arterioles and venules. Am J Physiol 1996 270 : H710 H722.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Leech, C.J.1    Faber, J.E.2
  • 55
    • 0019830874 scopus 로고
    • Preferential noradrenergic innervation of alpha-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle
    • Langer SZ, Shepperson NB, Massingham R. Preferential noradrenergic innervation of alpha-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle. Hypertension 1981 3 : I112 I118.
    • (1981) Hypertension , vol.3
    • Langer, S.Z.1    Shepperson, N.B.2    Massingham, R.3
  • 59
    • 0022453261 scopus 로고
    • 2 adrenergic responses in canine saphenous and femoral veins
    • 2 adrenergic responses in canine saphenous and femoral veins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986 238 : 139 147.
    • (1986) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.238 , pp. 139-147
    • Flavahan, N.A.1    Vanhoutte, P.M.2
  • 60
    • 0036176348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenoceptor and local modulator control of cutaneous blood flow in thermal stress
    • Roberts M, Rivers T, Oliveria S, et al. Adrenoceptor and local modulator control of cutaneous blood flow in thermal stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002 131 : 485 496.
    • (2002) Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol , vol.131 , pp. 485-496
    • Roberts, M.1    Rivers, T.2    Oliveria, S.3
  • 62
    • 0031003160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25 years since the discovery of presynaptic receptors: Present knowledge and future perspectives
    • Langer SZ. 25 years since the discovery of presynaptic receptors: present knowledge and future perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1997 18 : 95 99.
    • (1997) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.18 , pp. 95-99
    • Langer, S.Z.1
  • 63
    • 0021720953 scopus 로고
    • The clinical pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs
    • Lowenthal DT, Saris SD, Haratz A, et al. The clinical pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 1984 2 (Suppl.) : S13 S24.
    • (1984) J Hypertens , vol.2
    • Lowenthal, D.T.1    Saris, S.D.2    Haratz, A.3
  • 65
    • 0022859154 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic purinergic vasoconstriction and thermosensitivity in a canine cutaneous vein
    • Flavahan NA, Vanhoutte PM. Sympathetic purinergic vasoconstriction and thermosensitivity in a canine cutaneous vein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986 239 : 784 789.
    • (1986) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.239 , pp. 784-789
    • Flavahan, N.A.1    Vanhoutte, P.M.2
  • 67
    • 0025183376 scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptor activation increases from the distal to the proximal part of the veins of canine limbs
    • 2- adrenoceptor activation increases from the distal to the proximal part of the veins of canine limbs. Br J Pharmacol 1990 101 : 387 393.
    • (1990) Br J Pharmacol , vol.101 , pp. 387-393
    • Guimaraes, S.1    Nunes, J.P.2
  • 70
    • 0034651799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction and myocardial ischemia in humans
    • Heusch G, Baumgart D, Camici P, et al. Alpha-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction and myocardial ischemia in humans. Circulation 2000 101 : 689 694.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 689-694
    • Heusch, G.1    Baumgart, D.2    Camici, P.3
  • 71
    • 3042657046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching coronary blood flow to myocardial oxygen consumption
    • Tune JD, Gorman MW, Feigl EO. Matching coronary blood flow to myocardial oxygen consumption. J Appl Physiol 2004 97 : 404 415.
    • (2004) J Appl Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 404-415
    • Tune, J.D.1    Gorman, M.W.2    Feigl, E.O.3
  • 72
    • 0029010614 scopus 로고
    • Vascular beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation and the tone of the tissue in canine arteries
    • Begonha R, Moura D, Guimaraes S. Vascular beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation and the tone of the tissue in canine arteries. J Pharm Pharmacol 1995 47 : 510 513.
    • (1995) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 510-513
    • Begonha, R.1    Moura, D.2    Guimaraes, S.3
  • 73
    • 0024443813 scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptors and endothelium-derived relaxing factor
    • 2-adrenoceptors and endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Am J Med 1989 87 : 1S 5S.
    • (1989) Am J Med , vol.87
    • Vanhoutte, P.M.1    Miller, V.M.2
  • 74
    • 0025123623 scopus 로고
    • Different activation of L-arginine pathway by bradykinin, serotonin, and clonidine in coronary arteries
    • Richard V, Tanner FC, Tschudi M, et al. Different activation of L-arginine pathway by bradykinin, serotonin, and clonidine in coronary arteries. Am J Physiol 1990 259 : H1433 H1439.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259
    • Richard, V.1    Tanner, F.C.2    Tschudi, M.3
  • 75
  • 76
    • 0020619365 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries by noradrenaline and serotonin
    • Cocks TM, Angus JA. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries by noradrenaline and serotonin. Nature 1983 305 : 627 630.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.305 , pp. 627-630
    • Cocks, T.M.1    Angus, J.A.2
  • 77
    • 13844262870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptors is necessary to induce nitric oxide release in isoprenaline-induced relaxation
    • 2-adrenoceptors is necessary to induce nitric oxide release in isoprenaline-induced relaxation. Vascul Pharmacol 2005 42 : 63 68.
    • (2005) Vascul Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 63-68
    • Rascado, R.R.1    Bendhack, L.M.2
  • 78
    • 0032730678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-adrenergic vasoreactivity of canine intrapulmonary bronchial arteries in pacing-induced heart failure
    • McMillon RK, Townsley MI. Alpha-adrenergic vasoreactivity of canine intrapulmonary bronchial arteries in pacing-induced heart failure. Am J Physiol 1999 277 : H1392 H1402.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • McMillon, R.K.1    Townsley, M.I.2
  • 79
    • 0024374194 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-dependent responses and their potential relevance to the distribution of blood flow during hemorrhagic shock
    • Miller VM, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-dependent responses and their potential relevance to the distribution of blood flow during hemorrhagic shock. Resuscitation 1989 18 : 165 171.
    • (1989) Resuscitation , vol.18 , pp. 165-171
    • Miller, V.M.1    Vanhoutte, P.M.2
  • 80
    • 0030611767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoceptor: Inotropic effect and physiologic and pathologic implications
    • 1-adrenoceptor: inotropic effect and physiologic and pathologic implications. Life Sci 1997 60 : 1305 1318.
    • (1997) Life Sci , vol.60 , pp. 1305-1318
    • Li, K.1    He, H.2    Li, C.3
  • 81
    • 0035199497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence, distribution and physiological function of adrenergic and muscarinic receptor subtypes in the human heart
    • Brodde OE, Bruck H, Leineweber K, et al. Presence, distribution and physiological function of adrenergic and muscarinic receptor subtypes in the human heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2001 96 : 528 538.
    • (2001) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.96 , pp. 528-538
    • Brodde, O.E.1    Bruck, H.2    Leineweber, K.3
  • 82
    • 4644286385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic receptor systems in the failing and aging human heart: Similarities and differences
    • Brodde OE, Leineweber K. Autonomic receptor systems in the failing and aging human heart: similarities and differences. Eur J Pharmacol 2004 500 : 167 176.
    • (2004) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.500 , pp. 167-176
    • Brodde, O.E.1    Leineweber, K.2
  • 83
    • 0032922105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of growth in the adult cardiomyocytes
    • Schluter KD, Piper HM. Regulation of growth in the adult cardiomyocytes. FASEB J 1999 13 (Suppl.) : S17 S22.
    • (1999) FASEB J , vol.13
    • Schluter, K.D.1    Piper, H.M.2
  • 85
    • 11144243671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 isoform of Na,K-ATPase regulates cardiac contractility and functionally interacts and co-localizes with the Na/Ca exchanger in heart
    • 1 isoform of Na,K-ATPase regulates cardiac contractility and functionally interacts and co-localizes with the Na/Ca exchanger in heart. J Biol Chem 2004 279 : 54053 54061.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 54053-54061
    • Dostanic, I.1    Schultz Jel, J.2    Lorenz, J.N.3
  • 86
    • 0036708252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of novel cardiotonic agents
    • Endoh M. Mechanisms of action of novel cardiotonic agents. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2002 40 : 323 338.
    • (2002) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 323-338
    • Endoh, M.1
  • 87
    • 0029035128 scopus 로고
    • Tension-frequency relationships in normal and cardiomyopathic dog and hamster myocardium
    • Li K, Rouleau JL. Tension-frequency relationships in normal and cardiomyopathic dog and hamster myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1995 27 : 1251 1261.
    • (1995) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.27 , pp. 1251-1261
    • Li, K.1    Rouleau, J.L.2
  • 88
    • 0030899289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 adrenoceptor-mediated and beta adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic components elicited by norepinephrine in failing human ventricular muscle
    • 1 adrenoceptor-mediated and beta adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic components elicited by norepinephrine in failing human ventricular muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997 280 : 721 729.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.280 , pp. 721-729
    • Skomedal, T.1    Borthne, K.2    Aass, H.3
  • 91
    • 4944237382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in mediating cardiomyocyte protein synthesis in neonatal rats
    • 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in mediating cardiomyocyte protein synthesis in neonatal rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004 31 : 626 633.
    • (2004) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.31 , pp. 626-633
    • Zhang, Y.1    Yan, J.2    Chen, K.3
  • 93
    • 0027274820 scopus 로고
    • Endocardial function in pacing-induced heart failure in the dog
    • Li K, Rouleau JL, Calderone A, et al. Endocardial function in pacing-induced heart failure in the dog. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1993 25 : 529 540.
    • (1993) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 529-540
    • Li, K.1    Rouleau, J.L.2    Calderone, A.3
  • 94
    • 0021194420 scopus 로고
    • Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
    • Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT, et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984 311 : 819 823.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 819-823
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Levine, T.B.2    Olivari, M.T.3
  • 95
    • 0014194186 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of receptor systems activated by sympathomimetic amines
    • Lands AM, Arnold A, McAuliff JP, et al. Differentiation of receptor systems activated by sympathomimetic amines. Nature 1967 214 : 597 598.
    • (1967) Nature , vol.214 , pp. 597-598
    • Lands, A.M.1    Arnold, A.2    McAuliff, J.P.3
  • 96
    • 4544357340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning new tricks from old dogs: Beta-adrenergic receptors teach new lessons on firing up adipose tissue metabolism
    • Collins S, Cao W, Robidoux J. Learning new tricks from old dogs: beta-adrenergic receptors teach new lessons on firing up adipose tissue metabolism. Mol Endocrinol 2004 18 : 2123 2131.
    • (2004) Mol Endocrinol , vol.18 , pp. 2123-2131
    • Collins, S.1    Cao, W.2    Robidoux, J.3
  • 97
    • 22544438425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into beta-adrenoceptors in smooth muscle: Distribution of receptor subtypes and molecular mechanisms triggering muscle relaxation
    • Tanaka Y, Horinouchi T, Koike K. New insights into beta-adrenoceptors in smooth muscle: distribution of receptor subtypes and molecular mechanisms triggering muscle relaxation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2005 32 : 503 514.
    • (2005) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.32 , pp. 503-514
    • Tanaka, Y.1    Horinouchi, T.2    Koike, K.3
  • 99
    • 3042659100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtype-specific beta-adrenoceptor signaling pathways in the heart and their potential clinical implications
    • Xiao RP, Zhu W, Zheng M, et al. Subtype-specific beta-adrenoceptor signaling pathways in the heart and their potential clinical implications. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004 25 : 358 365.
    • (2004) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.25 , pp. 358-365
    • Xiao, R.P.1    Zhu, W.2    Zheng, M.3
  • 100
    • 0030776329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of human cardiac function through 4 beta-adrenoceptor populations
    • Kaumann AJ, Molenaar P. Modulation of human cardiac function through 4 beta-adrenoceptor populations. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1997 355 : 667 681.
    • (1997) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol , vol.355 , pp. 667-681
    • Kaumann, A.J.1    Molenaar, P.2
  • 101
    • 0027291744 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic effects of epinephrine on norepinephrine release from cardiac sympathetic nerves in dogs
    • Boudreau G, Peronnet F, De Champlain J, et al. Presynaptic effects of epinephrine on norepinephrine release from cardiac sympathetic nerves in dogs. Am J Physiol 1993 265 : H205 H211.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.265
    • Boudreau, G.1    Peronnet, F.2    De Champlain, J.3
  • 102
    • 0017754598 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of norepinephrine release from cardiac sympathetic fibers in the dog by presynaptic alpha- and beta-receptors
    • Yamaguchi N, de Champlain J, Nadeau RA. Regulation of norepinephrine release from cardiac sympathetic fibers in the dog by presynaptic alpha- and beta-receptors. Circ Res 1977 41 : 108 117.
    • (1977) Circ Res , vol.41 , pp. 108-117
    • Yamaguchi, N.1    De Champlain, J.2    Nadeau, R.A.3
  • 103
    • 0036160901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of myocardial beta-adrenoceptor density in clinical studies: A role for positron emission tomography?
    • de Jong RM, Blanksma PK, van Waarde A, et al. Measurement of myocardial beta-adrenoceptor density in clinical studies: a role for positron emission tomography? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002 29 : 88 97.
    • (2002) Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging , vol.29 , pp. 88-97
    • De Jong, R.M.1    Blanksma, P.K.2    Van Waarde, A.3
  • 104
    • 0027490105 scopus 로고
    • Changes in myocardial and vascular receptors in heart failure
    • Bristow MR. Changes in myocardial and vascular receptors in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993 22 : 61A 71A.
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22
    • Bristow, M.R.1
  • 107
    • 0030613761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptor to different G proteins by protein kinase A
    • 2-adrenergic receptor to different G proteins by protein kinase A. Nature 1997 390 : 88 91.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 88-91
    • Daaka, Y.1    Luttrell, L.M.2    Lefkowitz, R.J.3
  • 108
    • 6344258936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+/calmodulin kinase signaling pathway
    • 2+/calmodulin kinase signaling pathway. Circ Res 2004 95 : 798 806.
    • (2004) Circ Res , vol.95 , pp. 798-806
    • Wang, W.1    Zhu, W.2    Wang, S.3
  • 109
    • 0034623819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptor delivers an antiapoptotic signal to cardiac myocytes through Gi-dependent coupling to phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase
    • 2-adrenergic receptor delivers an antiapoptotic signal to cardiac myocytes through Gi-dependent coupling to phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase. Circ Res 2000 87 : 1172 1179.
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.87 , pp. 1172-1179
    • Chesley, A.1    Lundberg, M.S.2    Asai, T.3
  • 110
    • 4844228660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of chronic pharmacological manipulation of beta-adrenoreceptor subtype signaling in rodent dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy
    • Ahmet I, Krawczyk M, Heller P, et al. Beneficial effects of chronic pharmacological manipulation of beta-adrenoreceptor subtype signaling in rodent dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004 110 : 1083 1090.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 1083-1090
    • Ahmet, I.1    Krawczyk, M.2    Heller, P.3
  • 111
    • 0035161341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide: Does it play a role in the heart of the critically ill?
    • Massion PB, Moniotte S, Balligand JL. Nitric oxide: does it play a role in the heart of the critically ill? Curr Opin Crit Care 2001 7 : 323 336.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.7 , pp. 323-336
    • Massion, P.B.1    Moniotte, S.2    Balligand, J.L.3
  • 112
    • 0030438465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-adrenergic receptor cardiovascular regulation in conscious primates, rats and dogs
    • 3-adrenergic receptor cardiovascular regulation in conscious primates, rats and dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996 278 : 1435 1443.
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.278 , pp. 1435-1443
    • Shen, Y.T.1    Cervoni, P.2    Claus, T.3
  • 113
    • 20644471609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered reactivity of coronary arteries located distal to a chronic coronary occlusion
    • Rapps JA, Sturek M, Jones AW, et al. Altered reactivity of coronary arteries located distal to a chronic coronary occlusion. Am J Physiol 1997 273 : H1879 H1887.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Rapps, J.A.1    Sturek, M.2    Jones, A.W.3
  • 114
    • 0027768774 scopus 로고
    • Nitric-oxide-related and non-related mechanisms in the acetylcholine-evoked relaxations in cat femoral arteries
    • Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, et al. Nitric-oxide-related and non-related mechanisms in the acetylcholine-evoked relaxations in cat femoral arteries. J Vasc Res 1993 30 : 339 347.
    • (1993) J Vasc Res , vol.30 , pp. 339-347
    • Alonso, M.J.1    Salaices, M.2    Sanchez-Ferrer, C.F.3
  • 115
    • 0027458859 scopus 로고
    • Decreased endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation following subtotal coronary artery occlusion in dogs
    • Yang BC, Nicolini FA, Nichols WW, et al. Decreased endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation following subtotal coronary artery occlusion in dogs. Free Radic Biol Med 1993 14 : 295 302.
    • (1993) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.14 , pp. 295-302
    • Yang, B.C.1    Nicolini, F.A.2    Nichols, W.W.3
  • 116
    • 0027275699 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide formation contributes to beta-adrenergic dilation of resistance coronary vessels in conscious dogs
    • Parent R, al-Obaidi M, Lavallee M. Nitric oxide formation contributes to beta-adrenergic dilation of resistance coronary vessels in conscious dogs. Circ Res 1993 73 : 241 251.
    • (1993) Circ Res , vol.73 , pp. 241-251
    • Parent, R.1    Al-Obaidi, M.2    Lavallee, M.3
  • 117
    • 0141792382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-adrenoceptors among other beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in the regulation of the cardiovascular system
    • 3- adrenoceptors among other beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2003 96 : 905 913.
    • (2003) Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss , vol.96 , pp. 905-913
    • Rozec, B.1    Noireaud, J.2    Trochu, J.N.3
  • 118
    • 0035090126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricle and arteries: Structure, function, hormones and disease
    • Cohn JN. Left ventricle and arteries: structure, function, hormones and disease. Hypertension 2001 37 (Part 2) : 346 349.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 346-349
    • Cohn, J.N.1
  • 119
    • 1542429634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for acute decompensated heart failure treatment
    • DiDomenico RJ, Park HY, Southworth MR, et al. Guidelines for acute decompensated heart failure treatment. Ann Pharmacother 2004 38 : 649 660.
    • (2004) Ann Pharmacother , vol.38 , pp. 649-660
    • Didomenico, R.J.1    Park, H.Y.2    Southworth, M.R.3
  • 120
    • 0035702889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic stimulation of the heart
    • Hermann HP. Energetic stimulation of the heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2001 15 : 405 411.
    • (2001) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.15 , pp. 405-411
    • Hermann, H.P.1
  • 121
    • 85026151040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent positive inotrope infusion in the management of end-stage, low-output heart failure
    • Levine BS. Intermittent positive inotrope infusion in the management of end-stage, low-output heart failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2000 14 : 76 93.
    • (2000) J Cardiovasc Nurs , vol.14 , pp. 76-93
    • Levine, B.S.1
  • 122
    • 0035740681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic infusion of dobutamine and nitroprusside in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting heart transplantation: Safety and clinical outcome
    • Capomolla S, Febo O, Opasich C, et al. Chronic infusion of dobutamine and nitroprusside in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting heart transplantation: safety and clinical outcome. Eur J Heart Fail 2001 3 : 601 610.
    • (2001) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.3 , pp. 601-610
    • Capomolla, S.1    Febo, O.2    Opasich, C.3
  • 123
    • 0034107389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose dobutamine responsiveness in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: Relation to exercise capacity and clinical outcome
    • Scrutinio D, Napoli V, Passantino A, et al. Low-dose dobutamine responsiveness in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to exercise capacity and clinical outcome. Eur Heart J 2000 21 : 927 934.
    • (2000) Eur Heart J , vol.21 , pp. 927-934
    • Scrutinio, D.1    Napoli, V.2    Passantino, A.3
  • 124
    • 0032776403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent 6-month low-dose dobutamine infusion in severe heart failure: DICE multicenter trial
    • Oliva F, Latini R, Politi A, et al. Intermittent 6-month low-dose dobutamine infusion in severe heart failure: DICE multicenter trial. Am Heart J 1999 138 : 247 253.
    • (1999) Am Heart J , vol.138 , pp. 247-253
    • Oliva, F.1    Latini, R.2    Politi, A.3
  • 125
    • 13744262984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based practice for acute decompensated heart failure
    • quiz 30-1.
    • Albert NM, Eastwood CA, Edwards ML. Evidence-based practice for acute decompensated heart failure. Crit Care Nurse 2004 24 : 14 16 quiz 30-1.
    • (2004) Crit Care Nurse , vol.24 , pp. 14-16
    • Albert, N.M.1    Eastwood, C.A.2    Edwards, M.L.3
  • 126
    • 3042722369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the management of acute and chronic decompensated heart failure
    • quiz S16-S17.
    • Lowery SL, Massaro R, Yancy CWJ. Advances in the management of acute and chronic decompensated heart failure. Lippincotts Case Manag 2004 9 : S1 S15 quiz S16-S17.
    • (2004) Lippincotts Case Manag , vol.9
    • Lowery, S.L.1    Massaro, R.2    Yancy, C.W.J.3
  • 127
    • 0348162313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of the acute decompensation of heart failure: Efficacy and pharmacoeconomics of early initiation of therapy in the emergency department
    • Emerman CL. Treatment of the acute decompensation of heart failure: efficacy and pharmacoeconomics of early initiation of therapy in the emergency department. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2003 4 (Suppl. 7) : S13 S20.
    • (2003) Rev Cardiovasc Med , vol.4 , Issue.7
    • Emerman, C.L.1
  • 129
    • 4444266236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-blockade in the management of systolic dysfunction
    • Abbott JA. Beta-blockade in the management of systolic dysfunction. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2004 34 : 1157 1170.
    • (2004) Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract , vol.34 , pp. 1157-1170
    • Abbott, J.A.1
  • 130
    • 0034620523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure
    • Bristow MR. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure. Circulation 2000 101 : 558 569.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 558-569
    • Bristow, M.R.1
  • 131
    • 0345310066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent observations with beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Beneficial effects in hypertension and heart failure
    • Ruffolo RRJ, Feuerstein GZ, Ohlstein EH. Recent observations with beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Beneficial effects in hypertension and heart failure. Am J Hypertens 1998 11 : 9S 14S.
    • (1998) Am J Hypertens , vol.11
    • Ruffolo, R.R.J.1    Feuerstein, G.Z.2    Ohlstein, E.H.3
  • 132
    • 0345118245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasodilating beta-adrenoceptor blockers as cardiovascular therapeutics
    • Toda N. Vasodilating beta-adrenoceptor blockers as cardiovascular therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2003 100 : 215 234.
    • (2003) Pharmacol Ther , vol.100 , pp. 215-234
    • Toda, N.1
  • 133
    • 0029845123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical therapy can improve the biological properties of the chronically failing heart. A new era in the treatment of heart failure
    • Eichhorn EJ, Bristow MR. Medical therapy can improve the biological properties of the chronically failing heart. A new era in the treatment of heart failure. Circulation 1996 94 : 2285 2296.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 2285-2296
    • Eichhorn, E.J.1    Bristow, M.R.2
  • 134
    • 0035545309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoceptor selectivity in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia
    • 1- adrenoceptor selectivity in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int Urol Nephrol 2001 33 : 407 412.
    • (2001) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.33 , pp. 407-412
    • Pool, J.L.1    Kirby, R.S.2
  • 135
    • 0027237687 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of terazosin in congestive heart failure
    • Zhu J, Wang D, Lu Z, et al. Hemodynamic effects of terazosin in congestive heart failure. Chin Med Sci J 1993 8 : 98 100.
    • (1993) Chin Med Sci J , vol.8 , pp. 98-100
    • Zhu, J.1    Wang, D.2    Lu, Z.3
  • 137
    • 0028173804 scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenergic blocking drugs
    • 1-adrenergic blocking drugs. Drug Saf 1994 11 : 12 20.
    • (1994) Drug Saf , vol.11 , pp. 12-20
    • Carruthers, S.G.1
  • 138
    • 0030573042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 adrenergic blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in the treatment of congestive heart failure
    • 1 adrenergic blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Int J Cardiol 1996 57 : 173 176.
    • (1996) Int J Cardiol , vol.57 , pp. 173-176
    • Ajayi, A.A.1    Sofowora, G.G.2    Balogun, M.O.3
  • 139
    • 0029931785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined alpha-beta blockade (doxazosin plus metoprolol) compared with beta blockade alone in chronic congestive heart failure
    • Kukin ML, Kalman J, Mannino M, et al. Combined alpha-beta blockade (doxazosin plus metoprolol) compared with beta blockade alone in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1996 77 : 486 491.
    • (1996) Am J Cardiol , vol.77 , pp. 486-491
    • Kukin, M.L.1    Kalman, J.2    Mannino, M.3
  • 140
    • 0027431841 scopus 로고
    • Renal effects of low dose prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Lang CC, Choy AM, Rahman AR, et al. Renal effects of low dose prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J 1993 14 : 1245 1252.
    • (1993) Eur Heart J , vol.14 , pp. 1245-1252
    • Lang, C.C.1    Choy, A.M.2    Rahman, A.R.3
  • 141
    • 17544363934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of orally administered carvedilol in healthy conscious dogs
    • Abbott JA, Broadstone RV, Ward DL, et al. Hemodynamic effects of orally administered carvedilol in healthy conscious dogs. Am J Vet Res 2005 66 : 637 641.
    • (2005) Am J Vet Res , vol.66 , pp. 637-641
    • Abbott, J.A.1    Broadstone, R.V.2    Ward, D.L.3
  • 142
    • 0036594124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and renal effects of carvedilol in dogs with heart failure
    • Uechi M, Sasaki T, Ueno K, et al. Cardiovascular and renal effects of carvedilol in dogs with heart failure. J Vet Med Sci 2002 64 : 469 475.
    • (2002) J Vet Med Sci , vol.64 , pp. 469-475
    • Uechi, M.1    Sasaki, T.2    Ueno, K.3
  • 144
    • 0034747422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptors in hypertension and heart failure: Experimental and clinical studies
    • 2-adrenergic receptors in hypertension and heart failure: experimental and clinical studies. J Hypertens 2001 19 : 2115 2124.
    • (2001) J Hypertens , vol.19 , pp. 2115-2124
    • Gavras, I.1    Manolis, A.J.2    Gavras, H.3
  • 146
    • 10644294646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in myocardial ischaemia
    • Broadley KJ, Penson PE. The roles of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in myocardial ischaemia. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 2004 24 : 87 93.
    • (2004) Auton Autacoid Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 87-93
    • Broadley, K.J.1    Penson, P.E.2
  • 147
    • 0034913464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoreceptors?
    • 1-adrenoreceptors? Chest 2001 119 : 1242 1249.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1242-1249
    • Salvi, S.1
  • 148
    • 0025358021 scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoceptor binding characteristics of the guinea-pig perfused heart during ischaemia and reperfusion
    • 1-adrenoceptor binding characteristics of the guinea-pig perfused heart during ischaemia and reperfusion. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1990 22 : 599 606.
    • (1990) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 599-606
    • Chess-Williams, R.G.1    Sheridan, D.J.2    Broadley, K.J.3
  • 149
    • 0027992548 scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists on susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias: Protection from ventricular fibrillation
    • 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists on susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias: protection from ventricular fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994 24 : 394 402.
    • (1994) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 394-402
    • Billman, G.E.1
  • 150
    • 4644240094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1D-adrenoceptor: Molecular and cellular characteristics and integrative roles
    • 1D-adrenoceptor: molecular and cellular characteristics and integrative roles. Eur J Pharmacol 2004 500 : 113 120.
    • (2004) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.500 , pp. 113-120
    • Garcia-Sainz, J.A.1    Villalobos-Molina, R.2
  • 151
    • 0037797107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous feline hypertension: Clinical and echocardiographic abnormalities, and survival rate
    • Chetboul V, Lefebvre HP, Pinhas C, et al. Spontaneous feline hypertension: clinical and echocardiographic abnormalities, and survival rate. J Vet Intern Med 2003 17 : 89 95.
    • (2003) J Vet Intern Med , vol.17 , pp. 89-95
    • Chetboul, V.1    Lefebvre, H.P.2    Pinhas, C.3
  • 152
    • 0028394135 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous systemic hypertension in 24 cats
    • Littman MP. Spontaneous systemic hypertension in 24 cats. J Vet Intern Med 1994 8 : 79 86.
    • (1994) J Vet Intern Med , vol.8 , pp. 79-86
    • Littman, M.P.1
  • 153
    • 0037306715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between initial systolic blood pressure and risk of developing a uremic crisis or of dying in dogs with chronic renal failure
    • Jacob F, Polzin DJ, Osborne CA, et al. Association between initial systolic blood pressure and risk of developing a uremic crisis or of dying in dogs with chronic renal failure. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003 222 : 322 329.
    • (2003) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.222 , pp. 322-329
    • Jacob, F.1    Polzin, D.J.2    Osborne, C.A.3
  • 154
    • 0028072271 scopus 로고
    • Salt, hypertension and renal disease: Comparative medicine, models and real diseases
    • Michell AR. Salt, hypertension and renal disease: comparative medicine, models and real diseases. Postgrad Med J 1994 70 : 686 694.
    • (1994) Postgrad Med J , vol.70 , pp. 686-694
    • Michell, A.R.1
  • 155
    • 0026602326 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine and the genesis of hypertension
    • Floras JS. Epinephrine and the genesis of hypertension. Hypertension 1992 19 : 1 18.
    • (1992) Hypertension , vol.19 , pp. 1-18
    • Floras, J.S.1
  • 156
    • 0025110959 scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptors in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • 2-adrenoceptors in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990 16 : 354 359.
    • (1990) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 354-359
    • Keeton, T.K.1
  • 157
    • 0034092426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 'adrenaline hypothesis' of hypertension revisited: Evidence for adrenaline release from the heart of patients with essential hypertension
    • Rumantir MS, Jennings GL, Lambert GW, et al. The 'adrenaline hypothesis' of hypertension revisited: evidence for adrenaline release from the heart of patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2000 18 : 717 723.
    • (2000) J Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 717-723
    • Rumantir, M.S.1    Jennings, G.L.2    Lambert, G.W.3
  • 158
    • 0033091735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular consequences of sympathetic hyperactivity
    • Leenen FH. Cardiovascular consequences of sympathetic hyperactivity. Can J Cardiol 1999 15 (Suppl. A) : 2A 7A.
    • (1999) Can J Cardiol , vol.15
    • Leenen, F.H.1
  • 159
    • 0026551971 scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol and the kidney
    • Dupont AG. Carvedilol and the kidney. Clin Investig 1992 70 (Suppl. 1) : S127 S131.
    • (1992) Clin Investig , vol.70 , Issue.1
    • Dupont, A.G.1
  • 160
    • 0029803532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenoceptor antagonism and recent advances in hypertensive therapy
    • 1-adrenoceptor antagonism and recent advances in hypertensive therapy. Am J Hypertens 1996 9 : 139S 149S.
    • (1996) Am J Hypertens , vol.9
    • Veelken, R.1    Schmieder, R.E.2
  • 162
    • 20144379659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes regulating the vasopressor response have differential roles in blood pressure regulation
    • 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes regulating the vasopressor response have differential roles in blood pressure regulation. Mol Pharmacol 2005 67 : 912 922.
    • (2005) Mol Pharmacol , vol.67 , pp. 912-922
    • Hosoda, C.1    Koshimizu, T.A.2    Tanoue, A.3
  • 163
    • 0029739504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes b and c
    • 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes b and c. Science 1996 273 : 803 805.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 803-805
    • Link, R.E.1    Desai, K.2    Hein, L.3
  • 164
    • 0034986793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptors in hypertension
    • 2-adrenergic receptors in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2001 14 : 171S 177S.
    • (2001) Am J Hypertens , vol.14
    • Gavras, I.1    Gavras, H.2
  • 165
    • 0037637602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2B-adrenergic receptors in blood pressure control and hypertension
    • 2B-adrenergic receptors in blood pressure control and hypertension. J Hypertens 2003 21 : 871 872.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 871-872
    • Feldman, J.1    Bousquet, P.2
  • 166
    • 0032587021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2B-adrenergic receptor in the development of salt-induced hypertension
    • 2B-adrenergic receptor in the development of salt-induced hypertension. Hypertension 1999 33 : 14 17.
    • (1999) Hypertension , vol.33 , pp. 14-17
    • Makaritsis, K.P.1    Handy, D.E.2    Johns, C.3
  • 167
    • 0025963322 scopus 로고
    • Neural control of airway vasculature and edema
    • Widdicombe JG. Neural control of airway vasculature and edema. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991 143 : S18 S21.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.143
    • Widdicombe, J.G.1
  • 168
    • 0028951449 scopus 로고
    • Different atypical beta-adrenoceptors mediate isoprenaline-induced relaxation in vascular and non-vascular smooth muscles
    • Oriowo MA. Different atypical beta-adrenoceptors mediate isoprenaline-induced relaxation in vascular and non-vascular smooth muscles. Life Sci 1995 56 : PL269 PL275.
    • (1995) Life Sci , vol.56
    • Oriowo, M.A.1
  • 169
    • 0032581413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of canine pulmonary artery through a cAMP-dependent pathway
    • Tamaoki J, Tagaya E, Isono K, et al. Atypical adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of canine pulmonary artery through a cAMP-dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 248 : 722 727.
    • (1998) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.248 , pp. 722-727
    • Tamaoki, J.1    Tagaya, E.2    Isono, K.3
  • 170
    • 0032836033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-adrenoceptor stimulation induces vasorelaxation mediated essentially by endothelium-derived nitric oxide in rat thoracic aorta
    • 3-adrenoceptor stimulation induces vasorelaxation mediated essentially by endothelium-derived nitric oxide in rat thoracic aorta. Br J Pharmacol 1999 128 : 69 76.
    • (1999) Br J Pharmacol , vol.128 , pp. 69-76
    • Trochu, J.N.1    Leblais, V.2    Rautureau, Y.3
  • 171
    • 0037351894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early multiple organ failure after recurrent endotoxemia in the presence of vasoconstrictor-masked hypovolemia
    • Hinder F, Stubbe HD, Van Aken H, et al. Early multiple organ failure after recurrent endotoxemia in the presence of vasoconstrictor-masked hypovolemia. Crit Care Med 2003 31 : 903 909.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 903-909
    • Hinder, F.1    Stubbe, H.D.2    Van Aken, H.3
  • 172
    • 0036276025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of increasing norepinephrine dosage on regional blood flow in a porcine model of endotoxin shock
    • Treggiari MM, Romand JA, Burgener D, et al. Effect of increasing norepinephrine dosage on regional blood flow in a porcine model of endotoxin shock. Crit Care Med 2002 30 : 1334 1339.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 1334-1339
    • Treggiari, M.M.1    Romand, J.A.2    Burgener, D.3
  • 173
    • 0036014524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of vasopressor agents in critically ill patients
    • Kellum JA, Pinsky MR. Use of vasopressor agents in critically ill patients. Curr Opin Crit Care 2002 8 : 236 241.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.8 , pp. 236-241
    • Kellum, J.A.1    Pinsky, M.R.2
  • 174
    • 0035094015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inotrope/vasopressor support in sepsis-induced organ hypoperfusion
    • Vincent JL, De Backer D. Inotrope/vasopressor support in sepsis-induced organ hypoperfusion. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2001 22 : 61 74.
    • (2001) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 61-74
    • Vincent, J.L.1    De Backer, D.2
  • 175
    • 8444245918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasopressor and inotropic support in septic shock: An evidence-based review
    • Beale RJ, Hollenberg SM, Vincent JL, et al. Vasopressor and inotropic support in septic shock: an evidence-based review. Crit Care Med 2004 32 : S455 S465.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32
    • Beale, R.J.1    Hollenberg, S.M.2    Vincent, J.L.3
  • 177
    • 0013812225 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral vascular tone on cardiac resuscitation
    • Pearson JW, Redding JS. Peripheral vascular tone on cardiac resuscitation. Anesth Analg 1965 44 : 746 752.
    • (1965) Anesth Analg , vol.44 , pp. 746-752
    • Pearson, J.W.1    Redding, J.S.2
  • 178
    • 0001114728 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of drugs for cardiac resuscitation
    • Redding JS, Pearson JW. Evaluation of drugs for cardiac resuscitation. Anesthesiology 1963 24 : 203 207.
    • (1963) Anesthesiology , vol.24 , pp. 203-207
    • Redding, J.S.1    Pearson, J.W.2
  • 179
    • 0014426295 scopus 로고
    • Resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. Drug therapy
    • Redding JS, Pearson JW. Resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. Drug therapy. JAMA 1968 203 : 255 260.
    • (1968) JAMA , vol.203 , pp. 255-260
    • Redding, J.S.1    Pearson, J.W.2
  • 180
    • 0025149257 scopus 로고
    • The effects of methoxamine and epinephrine on survival and regional distribution of cardiac output in dogs with prolonged ventricular fibrillation
    • Roberts D, Landolfo K, Dobson K, et al. The effects of methoxamine and epinephrine on survival and regional distribution of cardiac output in dogs with prolonged ventricular fibrillation. Chest 1990 98 : 999 1005.
    • (1990) Chest , vol.98 , pp. 999-1005
    • Roberts, D.1    Landolfo, K.2    Dobson, K.3
  • 181
    • 0028876970 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine increases the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction
    • Tang W, Weil MH, Sun S, et al. Epinephrine increases the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Circulation 1995 92 : 3089 3093.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 3089-3093
    • Tang, W.1    Weil, M.H.2    Sun, S.3
  • 182
    • 0030765114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is epinephrine contraindicated during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
    • Thrush DN, Downs JB, Smith RA. Is epinephrine contraindicated during cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Circulation 1997 96 : 2709 2714.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 2709-2714
    • Thrush, D.N.1    Downs, J.B.2    Smith, R.A.3
  • 183
    • 0025276491 scopus 로고
    • Effect of epinephrine on end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during CPR
    • Martin GB, Gentile NT, Paradis NA, et al. Effect of epinephrine on end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during CPR. Ann Emerg Med 1990 19 : 396 398.
    • (1990) Ann Emerg Med , vol.19 , pp. 396-398
    • Martin, G.B.1    Gentile, N.T.2    Paradis, N.A.3
  • 184
    • 0038509862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasopressor agents for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Cao L, Weil MH, Sun S, et al. Vasopressor agents for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2003 8 : 115 121.
    • (2003) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 115-121
    • Cao, L.1    Weil, M.H.2    Sun, S.3
  • 185
    • 7244254198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonselective beta-blocking agent improves the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model
    • Huang L, Weil MH, Cammarata G, et al. Nonselective beta-blocking agent improves the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model. Crit Care Med 2004 32 : S378 S380.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32
    • Huang, L.1    Weil, M.H.2    Cammarata, G.3
  • 186
    • 20544437243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol mitigates adverse effects of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Huang L, Weil MH, Sun S, et al. Carvedilol mitigates adverse effects of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2005 10 : 113 120.
    • (2005) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.10 , pp. 113-120
    • Huang, L.1    Weil, M.H.2    Sun, S.3
  • 187
    • 0037379917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of alpha-methylnorepinephrine, vasopressin and epinephrine for cardiac resuscitation
    • Klouche K, Weil MH, Sun S, et al. A comparison of alpha- methylnorepinephrine, vasopressin and epinephrine for cardiac resuscitation. Resuscitation 2003 57 : 93 100.
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.57 , pp. 93-100
    • Klouche, K.1    Weil, M.H.2    Sun, S.3
  • 188
    • 9944228126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasopressin administered with epinephrine is associated with a return of a pulse in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Guyette FX, Guimond GE, Hostler D, et al. Vasopressin administered with epinephrine is associated with a return of a pulse in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2004 63 : 277 282.
    • (2004) Resuscitation , vol.63 , pp. 277-282
    • Guyette, F.X.1    Guimond, G.E.2    Hostler, D.3
  • 189
    • 84866472630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A promise as yet largely unfulfilled
    • Weil MH, Tang W. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a promise as yet largely unfulfilled. Dis Mon 1997 43 : 429 501.
    • (1997) Dis Mon , vol.43 , pp. 429-501
    • Weil, M.H.1    Tang, W.2
  • 190
    • 0345707536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-selective vasopressor agent for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • 2-selective vasopressor agent for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 2003 108 : 2716 2721.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 2716-2721
    • Pellis, T.1    Weil, M.H.2    Tang, W.3
  • 191
    • 0035281824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic agonist for cardiac resuscitation
    • 2-adrenergic agonist for cardiac resuscitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001 37 : 951 956.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 951-956
    • Sun, S.1    Weil, M.H.2    Tang, W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.