Development of the Pan-Arctic Snowfall Reconstruction: New land-based solid precipitation estimates for 1940-99

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1243-1263

  Cherry, Jessie Ellen ^a   Tremblay, L B ^b   Stieglitz, M ^c   Gong, G ^d   Dery S J ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

^d Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTIMATION METHOD; HYDROMETEOROLOGY; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; RAINGAUGE; SNOW ACCUMULATION; SNOWPACK; WATER BUDGET;

EID: 38749083421     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JHM765.1     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. ACIA, Eds., 2004: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, 1042 pp.
2. Adam, J. C., and D. P. Lettenmaier, 2003: Adjustment of global gridded precipitation for systematic bias. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4257, doi:10.1029/2002JD002499.
3. Arkin, P. A., and P. E. Ardanuy, 1989: Estimating climatic-scale precipitation from space: A review. J. Climate, 2, 1229-1238.
4. Arya, S. P., 2001: Introduction to Micrometeorology. 2d ed, Academic Press, 420 pp.
5. Barnett, T. P., L. Dumenil, U. Schlese, E. Roeckner, and M. Latif, 1989: The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 661-685.
6. Barnett, T. P., J. C. Adam, and D. P. Lettenmaier, 2005: Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions. Nature, 438, 303-309.
7. Benning, J., and D. Yang, 2005: Adjustment of daily precipitation data at Barrow and Nome Alaska for 1995-2001. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 37 (3), 267-283.
8. Berezovskaya, S., D. Yang, and D. L. Kane, 2004: Compatibility analysis of precipitation and runoff trends over the large Siberian watersheds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21502, doi:10.1029/2004GLO21277.
9. Betts, A. K., J. H. Ball, and P. Viterbo, 2003: Water and energy budgets for the Mackenzie River basins from ERA-40. J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1194-1211.
10. Beven, K. J., and M. J. Kirkby, 1979: A physically-based variable contributing area model of basin hydrology. J. Hydrol. Sci., 24, 43-69.
11. Bromwich, D. H., S.-H. Wang, and A. J. Monaghan, 2002: ERA-40 representation of the arctic atmospheric moisture budget. ECMWF ERA-40 Project Report Series 3, 12 pp.
12. Chapin, F. S., III, and Coauthors, 2005: Role of land-surface changes in Arctic summer warming. Science, 310, 657-660.
13. Chapman, W. L., and J. E. Walsh, 1993: Recent variations of sea ice and air temperature in high latitudes. Bull. Amer. Meteor Soc., 74, 33-47.
14. Cherry, J. E., H. M. Cullen, M. Visbeck, A. Small, and C. Uvo, 2005a: Impacts of the North Atlantic oscillation on Scandinavian hydropower production and energy markets. Water Resour. Manage., 19, 673-691.
15. Cherry, J. E., L. B. Tremblay, S. J. Déry, and M. Stieglitz, 2005b: Reconstructing solid precipitation from snow depth measurements and a land surface model. Water Resour. Res., 41, W09401, doi:10.1029/2005WR003965.
16. Cohen, J., and D. Entekhabi, 2001: The influence of snow cover on Northern Hemisphere climate variability. Atmos.-Ocean, 39, 35-53.
17. Cullather, R. I., D. H. Bromwich, and M. C. Serreze, 2000: The atmospheric hydrologic cycle over the Arctic basin from re-analyses. Part I: Comparison with observations and previous studies. J. Climate, 13, 923-937.
18. Dai, A., F. Giorgi, and K. E. Trenberth, 1999: Observed and model-simulated diurnal cycles of precipitation over the contiguous United States. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6377-6402.
19. Déry, S. J., and M. K. Yau, 1999: A climatology of adverse winter-type weather events. J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D14), 16 657-16 672.
20. Déry, S. J., and M. K. Yau, 2002: Large-scale mass balance effects of blowing snow and surface sublimation. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4679, doi:10.1029/2001JD001251.
21. Déry, S. J., and E. F. Wood, 2004: Teleconnection between the Arctic Oscillation and Hudson Bay river discharge. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18205, doi:10.1029/2004GLO20729.
22. Déry, S. J., W. T. Crow, M. Stieglitz, and E. F. Wood, 2004: Modeling snowcover heterogeneity over complex Arctic terrain for regional and global climate models. J. Hydrometeor., 5, 33-48.
23. Déry, S. J., V. V. Salomonson, M. Stieglitz, D. K. Hall, and I. Appel, 2005a: An approach to using snow areal depletion curves inferred from MODIS and its application to land surface modelling in Alaska. Hydrol. Processes, 19, 2755-2774.
24. Déry, S. J., M. Stieglitz, A. K. Rennermalm, and E. F. Wood, 2005b: The water budget of the Kuparuk River basin, Alaska. J. Hydrometeor., 6, 633-655.
25. Ducharne, A., R. D. Koster, M. J. Suarez, M. Stieglitz, and P. Kumar, 2000: A catchment-based approach to modeling land surface processes in a general circulation model. 2. Parameter estimation and model demonstration. J. Geophys. Res., 105 (D20), 24 823-24 838.
26. ECMWF, cited 2003: ECMWF Reanalysis-40. [Available online at http:// www.ecmwf.int/research/era/.]
27. Environment Canada, 2000: Daily Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent. Downsview, ON, CD-ROM.
28. Fekete, B. M., C. J. Vörösmarty, and W. Grabs, 1999: Global, composite runoff fields based on observed river discharge and simulated water balances. WMO Global Runoff Data Center Rep. 22, Koblenz, Germany, 36 pp.
29. Fekete, B. M., C. J. Vörösmarty, J. O. Roads, and C. J. Willmott, 2004: Uncertainties in precipitation and their impacts on runoff estimates. J. Climate, 17, 294-304.
30. Genthon, C., 2002: Climate and surface mass balance of the Polar ice sheets in ERA-40/ERA15. ECMWF ERA-40 Project Report Series 3, 18 pp.
31. Gong, G., D. Entekhabi, and J. Cohen, 2002: A large-ensemble model study of the wintertime AO/NAO and the role of interannual snow perturbations. J. Climate, 15, 3488-3499.
32. Gong, G., D. Entekhabi, and J. Cohen, 2003a: Relative impacts of Siberian and North American snow anomalies on the Northern Hemisphere mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1848, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL017749.
33. Gong, G., D. Entekhabi, and J. Cohen, 2003b: Modeled Northern Hemisphere winter climate response to realistic Siberian snow anomalies. J. Climate, 16, 3917-3931.
34. Gong, G., D. Entekhabi, and J. Cohen, and D. A. Robinson, 2004: Sensitivity of atmospheric response to modeled snow anomaly characteristics. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06107, doi:10.1029/2003JD004160.
35. Goodison, B. E., P. Y. T. Louie, and D. Yang, 1998: WMO solid precipitation intercomparison. Final Rep. WMO/TD-872, 212 pp.
36. Grab, S., 2005: Aspects of the geomorphology, genesis and environmental significance of earth hummocks (thufur, pounus): Miniature cryogenic mounds. Prog. Phys. Geogr., 29(2),139-155.
37. Groisman, P. Y., 1998: National Climatic Data Center data documentation for TD-9816, Canadian Monthly Precipitation. NCDC, CD-ROM.
38. Groisman, P. Y., V. V. Koknaeva, T. A. Belokrylova, and T. R. Karl, 1991: Overcoming biases of precipitation: A history of the U.S.S.R. experience. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1725-1733.
39. Groisman, P. Y., T. R. Karl, and R. W. Knight, 1994: Observed impact of snow cover on the heat-balance and the rise of continental spring temperatures. Science, 263, 198-200.
40. Hagemann, S., K. Arpe, and L. Bengtsson, 2005: Validation of the hydrological cycle of ERA-40. ERA-40 Project Report Series 24, 46 pp. [Available online at http://www.ecmwf.int/publications/library/do/ references/show?id=86720.]
41. Hansen, J. E., G. Russel, D. Rind, P. H. Stone, A. A. Lacis, S. Lebedeff, R. Ruedy, and L. Travis, 1983: Efficient three dimensional global models for climate studies: Models I and II. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 609-662.
42. Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C. A. Johnson, Eds., 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, 881 pp.
43. Huffman, G. J., R. F. Adler, B. R. Rudolf, U. Schneider, and P. R. Keehn, 1997: The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) combined precipitation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 5-20.
44. Hulme, M., and M. New, 1997: Dependence of large-scale precipitation climatologies on temporal and spatial sampling. J. Climate, 10, 1099-1113.
45. Kalnay, E., 2003: Atmospheric Modeling, Data Assimilation and Predictability. Cambridge University Press, 341 pp.
46. Kalnay, E. and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
47. Koster, R. D., M. J. Suarez, A. Ducharne, M. Stieglitz, and P. Kumar, 2000: A catchment-based approach to modeling land surface processes in a general circulation model 1. Model structure. J. Geophys. Res., 105 (D20), 24 809-24 822.
48. Lammers, R. B., and A. I. Shiklomanov, 2000: R-ArcticNET: A regional, electronic, hydrographic data network for the Arctic Region. Water Systems Analysis Group, University of New Hampshire. [Available online at http://www.r-arcticnet.sr.unh.edu/v3.0/.]
49. Lammers, R. B., A. I. Shiklomanov, C. J. Vörösmarty, B. M. Fekete, and B. J. Peterson, 2001: Assessment of contemporary Arctic river runoff based on observational discharge records. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D4), 3321-3334.
50. Legates, D. R., and C. J. Willmott, 1990: Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation. Int. J. Climatol., 10, 111-127.
51. Lynch-Stieglitz, M., 1994: The development and validation of a simple snow model for the GISS GCM. J. Climate, 7, 1842-1855.
52. Mackay, J. R., 1987: Some mechanical aspects of pingo growth and failure, Western Arctic Coast, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci., 24, 1108-1119.
53. Marshall, J. S., and K. L. Gunn, 1952: Measurement of snow parameters by radar. J. Meteor., 9, 322-327.
54. McClelland, J. W., R. M. Holmes, B. J. Peterson, and M. Stieglitz, 2004: Increasing river discharge in the Eurasian Arctic: Consideration of dams, permafrost thaw, and fires as potential agents of change. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18102, doi:10.1029/2004JD004583.
55. Mekis, E., and W. D. Hogg, 1999: Rehabilitation and analysis of Canadian daily precipitation time series. Atmos.-Ocean, 37 (1), 53-85.
56. Morison, J., and Coauthors, Eds., 2001: SEARCH: Study of Environmental Arctic Change. Polar Science Center Science Plan, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 89 pp.
57. Neumann, N., C. Derksen, C. Smith, and B. Goodison, 2006: Characterizing local scale snow cover using point measurements during the winter season. Atmos.-Ocean, 44 (3), 257-269.
58. NOAA/NCDC, cited 1998: First order summary of the day. [Available online at http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.NOAA/.NCDC/.DAILY/.FSOD/.]
59. NOAA/NCDC, cited 2002: Global daily climatology network, v.1. [Available online at http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.NOAA/.NCDC/.GDCN/.]
60. NOAA/NCDC, cited 2004: Global historical climatology network, v.1. Available online at http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/NOAA/.NCDC/ .GHCN_Daily/.version1/.]
61. NOAA/NCDC, cited 2005: Global summary of the day. [Available online at http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.NOAA/.NCDC/.DAILY/.GLOBALSOD/.]
62. NOAA/NGDC, cited 1993: ETOPO5 global relief. [Available online at http:// iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.WORLDBATH/.]
63. NSIDC, 1999: Historical Soviet daily snow depth - version 2.0. CD-ROM.
64. Peterson, B. J., R. M. Holmes, J. W. McClelland, C. J. Vorosmarty, R. B. Lammers, A. I. Shiklomanov, I. A. Shiklomanov, and S. Rahmstorf, 2002: Increasing river discharge to the Arctic Ocean. Science, 298, 2171-2173.
65. Rind, D., C. Rosenzweig, an M. Stieglitz, 1997: The role of moisture transport between ground and atmosphere in global change. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ., 22, 47-74.
66. Serreze, M. C., and C. M. Hurst, 2000: Representation of mean Arctic precipitation from NCEP/NCAR and ERA reanalyses. J. Climate, 13, 182-201.
67. Serreze, M. C., and A. J. Ettinger, 2002: Representation of Arctic precipitation in ERA-40. ECMWF ERA-40 Project Report Series 3, 16 pp.
68. Serreze, M. C., and R. G. Barry, 2005: The Arctic Climate System. Cambridge University Press, 385 pp.
69. Serreze, M. C., and Coauthors, 2000: Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high-latitude environment. Climatic Change, 46, 159-207.
70. Serreze, M. C., M. P. Clark, and D. H. Bromwich, 2003: Monitoring precipitation over the Arctic terrestrial drainage system: Data requirements, shortcomings, and applications of atmospheric reanalysis. J. Hydrometeor., 4, 387-407.
71. Serreze, M. C., A. P. Barrett, and F. Lo, 2005: Northern high-latitude precipitation as depicted by atmospheric reanalyses and satellite retrievals. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3407-3430.
72. Sevruk, B., and W. R. Hamon, 1984: International comparison of national precipitation gauges with a reference pit gauge. WMO Instrument Observation Methods Rep. 17, 111 pp.
73. Stieglitz, M., J. Hobbie, A. Giblin, and G. W. Kling, 1999: Hydrologic modeling of an Arctic watershed: Towards pan-Arctic predictions. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27 507-27 518.
74. Stieglitz, M., A. Giblin, J. Hobbie, G. W. Kling, and M. Williams, 2000: Simulating the effects of climate change and climate variability on the carbon dynamics in Arctic tundra. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 1123-1136.
75. Stieglitz, M., A. Ducharne, R. D. Koster, and M. J. Suarez, 2001: The impact of detailed snow physics on the simulation of snow-cover and subsurface thermodynamics at continental scales. J. Hydrometeor., 2, 228-242.
76. Stieglitz, M., S. J. Déry, V. E. Romanovsky, and T. E. Osterkamp, 2003: The role of snow cover in the warming of Arctic permafrost. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1721, doi:10.1029/2003GL017337.
77. Sturm, M., C. Racine, and K. Tape, 2001: Climate change - Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic. Nature, 411, 546-547.
78. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 re-analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
79. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1956: Snow Hydrology; Summary Report of the Snow Investigations. North Pacific Division, Corps of Engineers, 437 pp.
80. Vörösmarty, C. J., and Coauthors, 2001: The Hydrologic Cycle and its Role in Arctic and Global Environmental Change: A Rationale and Strategy for Synthesis Study. Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S., 84 pp.
81. Walsh, J. E., V. Kattsov, D. Portis, and V. Meleshko, 1998: Arctic precipitation and evaporation: Model results and observational estimates. J. Climate, 11, 72-87.
82. Wang, X., and J. R. Key, 2003: Recent trends in Arctic surface, cloud, and radiation properties from space. Science, 299, 1725-1728.
83. Willmott, C. J., and K. Matsuura, 2001: Terrestrial air temperature and precipitation: Monthly and annual time series (1950-1999) (version 1.02). Center for Climate Research, University of Delaware.
84. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539-2558.
85. Yang, D., B. E. Goodison, J. R. Metcalfe, V. S. Golubev, R. Bates, T. Pangburn, and C. L. Hanson, 1998: Accuracy of NWS 8-inch standard non-recording precipitation gauge: Results of WMO intercomparison. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 54-68.
86. Yang, D., and Coauthors, 2000: An evaluation of the Wyoming gauge system for snowfall measurement. Water Resour. Res., 36, 2665-2677.
87. Yang, D., D. Kane, Z. Zhang, D. Legates, and B. Goodison, 2005: Bias corrections of long-term (1973-2004) daily precipitation data over the northern regions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19501, doi:10.1029/2005GL024057.