Representation of mean arctic precipitation from NCEP-NCAR and ERA reanalyses

Journal of Climate

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 182-201

  Serreze, Mark C ^a   Hurst, Ciaran M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EVAPORATION; HEAT CONVECTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); THERMAL GRADIENTS; WEATHER FORECASTING;

MEAN ARCTIC PRECIPITATION;

CLIMATOLOGY;

CLIMATE MODELING; FORECASTING METHOD; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); REGIONAL CLIMATE;

ARCTIC;

EID: 0034070666     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0182:ROMAPF>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Aagaard, K., and E. C. Carmack, 1989: The role of sea ice and other fresh waters in the Arctic circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 94 (C10), 14485-14498.
2. ARCUS, 1991: Arctic System Science Land/Atmosphere/Ice Interactions: A Plan for Action. Arctic Research Consortium of the United States, 48 pp.
3. Armstrong, R. L., and M. J. Brodzik, 1995: An earth-gridded SSM/ I data set for cryospheric studies and global change monitoring. Adv. Space Res., 16, 155-163.
4. Arpe, K., H. Behr, and L. Dumenil, 1996: Validation of the ECHAM4 climate model and re-analysis data in the Arctic regions. Proc. Workshop on the Implementation of the Arctic Precipitation Data Archive (APDA) at the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC), Offenbach, Germany, WMO, 31-40.
5. Basist, A. N., and M. Chelliah, 1997: Comparisons of tropospheric temperatures derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, NCEP operational analysis, and the microwave sounding unit. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 1431-1447.
6. Bryazgin, N. N., 1976: Srednegodovoe kolichestvo osadkov v Arktike s uchetom pogreshnosti osadkomerov. Tr. Arkt. Antarkt. Nauch.-Issled. Inst., 323, 40-74.
7. Bryson, R. A., and F. K. Hare, 1974: Climates of North America. Vol. 11. World Survey of Climatology, Elsevier, 420 pp.
8. Colony, R. L., and I. G. Rigor, 1993: International Arctic Ocean buoy program data report for 1 January 1992-31 December 1992. Tech Memo. APL-UWTM 29-93, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 215 pp. [Available from Applied Physics Laboratory, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA 98195.]
9. _, V. Radionov, and F. L. Tanis, 1997: Measurements of precipitation and snow at the Russian North Pole drifting stations. Polar Geogr., 34, 3-14.
10. Cressman, G. P., 1959: An operational objective analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 87, 367-374.
11. Cullather, R. I., D. H. Bromwich, and M. C. Serreze, 2000: The atmospheric hydrologic cycle over the Arctic Basin from re- analyses. Part I: Comparison with observations and previous studies. J. Climate, in press.
12. Dey, C. H., and L. L. Morone, 1985: Evolution of the NMC Global Assimilation System: January 1982-December 1983. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 304-318.
13. DiMego, G., 1988: The National Meteorological Center Regional Analysis System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 977-1000.
14. Dorman, C. E., and R. B. Bourke, 1978: A temperature correction for Tucker's ocean rainfall estimates. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 765-773.
15. Dorman, J. L., and P. J. Sellers, 1989: A global climatology of albedo, roughness length and stomatal resistance for atmospheric general circulation models as represented by the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB). J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 833-855.
16. Fisheries and Environment Canada, 1978: Hydrological Atlas of Canada. Fisheries and Environment Canada, Minister of Supply and Services, 31 pp.
17. Furgeson, H. L., A. D. O'Neill, and H. F. Cork, 1970: Mean evaporation over Canada. Water Resour. Res., 6, 1618-1633.
18. Genthon, C., and A. Braun, 1995: ECMWF analyses and predictions of the surface climate of Greenland and Antarctica. J. Climate, 8, 2324-2332.
19. Gibson, J. K., S. Kallberg, A. Hernandez, S. Uppala, A. Nomura, and E. Serrano, 1997: ERA Description. ECMWF Re-Analysis Project Report Series, Vol. 1, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 72 pp.
20. Gorshkov, S. G., Ed., 1983: Arctic Ocean (in Russian). Vol. 3, World Ocean Atlas, Pergamon Press, 189 pp.
21. Groisman, P. Y., V. V. Koknaeva, T. A. Belokrylova, and T. R. Karl, 1991: Overcoming biases of precipitation: A history of the USSR experience. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1725-1733.
22. Hibler, W. D., III, and J. Zhang, 1995: On the effect of sea-ice dynamics on ocean thermohaline circulation. Ann. Glaciol., 21, 361-368.
23. Hortal, M., and J. Simmons, 1991: Use of reduced Gaussian grids in spectral models. Mon. Wea. Rev, 119, 1057-1074.
24. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
25. Kane, D. L., L. D. Hinzman, M. Woo, and K. Everett, 1992: Arctic hydrology and climate change. Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate, F. Chapin III, Ed., Academic Press, 35-57.
26. Khrol, V. P., 1976: Isparenie s poverkhnosti Severnogo Ledovitogo Okeana. Tr. Arkt. Antarkt. Nauchno.-issled. Inst., 323, 148-155.
27. Korzun, 1976: Atlas of World Water Balance (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, 65 pp.
28. Ledley, T. S., 1991: Snow on sea ice: Competing effects in shaping climate. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (D9), 17 195-17 208.
29. Legates, D., 1987: A climatology of global precipitation. Publ. Climatol., 4(1), 85 pp.
30. _, and C. Willmott, 1990: Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected global precipitation. Int. J. Climatol., 10, 110-127.
31. Lydolph, P. E., 1977: Climates of the Soviet Union. Vol. 7, World Survey of Climatology, Elsevier, 443 pp.
32. Mahfauf, J. F., 1991: Analysis of soil moisture from near-surface parameters: A feasibility study. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1534-1547.
33. Matthews, E., 1985: Atlas of archived vegetation, land use, and seasonal albedo data sets. NASA Tech. Memo. 86199, NASA/Goddard Institute For Space Studies. New York, 53 pp. [Available from Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.]
34. Ohmura, A., 1982: Evaporation from the surface of the Arctic Tundra on Axel Heiburg Island. Water Resour. Res., 18, 291-300.
35. _, 1984: Comparative energy balance study for arctic tundra, sea surface, glaciers and boreal forests. Geo-Journal, 8, 221-228.
36. Pan, H.-L., and L. Mahrt, 1987: Interaction between soil hydrology and boundary layer developments. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 38, 185-202.
37. _, and W.-S. Wu., 1994: Implementing a mass flux convection parameterization package for the NMC medium range forecast model. Preprints, 1Oth Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Portland, OR. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96-98.
38. Parish, D. F., and J. C. Derber, 1992: The National Center's Spectral Statistical-Interpolation Analysis System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1747-1763.
39. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
40. Schweiger, A. J., and J. Key, 1994: Arctic Ocean radiative fluxes and cloud forcing based on the ISCCP-C2 dataset, 1983-1990. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 948-963.
41. Serreze, M. C., 1995: Climatological aspects of cyclone development and decay in the Arctic. Atmos.-Ocean, 33, 1-23.
42. _, and J. A. Maslanik, 1998: Arctic precipitation as represented in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Ann. Glaciol., 25, 429-433.
43. _, R. G. Barry, and J. E. Walsh, 1995: Atmospheric water vapor characteristics at 70°N. J. Climate, 8, 719-731.
44. _, J. A. Maslanik, and J. R. Key, 1997: Atmospheric and sea ice characteristics of the Arctic Ocean and the Sheba field region in the Beaufort Sea. Special Rep. 4, National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, 219 pp. [Available from National Snow and Ice Data Center, Campus Box 449, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0449.]
45. _, J. R. Key, J. E. Box, J. A. Maslanik, and K. Steffen, 1998: A new monthly climatology of global radiation for the Arctic and comparisons with NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and ISCCP-C2 fields. J. Climate, 11, 121-136.
46. Spangler, W. M. L., and R. L. Jenne, 1984: World monthly surface station climatology. Scientific Computing Division, NCAR, Boulder, CO, 14 pp. [Available from National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80307.]
47. Stendel, M., and C. Arpe, 1997: Evaluation of the hydrological cycle in reanalysis and observations, ECMWF reanalysis validation reports. Part 1. ECMWF Reanalysis Project Rep. Ser. 6, 50 pp.
48. Tiedke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800.
49. _, 1993: Representation of clouds in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1779-1800.
50. Trenberth, K. E., and C. J. Guillemot, 1998: Evaluation of the atmospheric moisuture and hydrological cycle in the NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dyn., 14, 213-231.
51. Viterbo, P., 1995: Initial values of soil water and the quality of summer forecasts. ECMWF Newslett., 69, 2-8.
52. _, and A. C. M. Beljaars, 1995: A new land parameterization scheme in the ECMWF model and its validation. J. Climate, 8, 2716-2748.
53. _, and P. Courtier, 1995: The importance of soil water for medium range weather forecasting: Implications for data assimilation. Workshop of Slowly Varying Components of Predictable Atmospheric Motions, Beijing, China, WMO, 121-130.
54. Walsh, J. E., and C. M. Johnson, 1979: An analysis of Arctic sea ice fluctuations, 1953-1977. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 580-591.
55. _, and W. L. Chapman, 1998: Arctic cloud-radiation-temperature associations in observational data and atmospheric reanalyses. J. Climate, 11, 3030-3045.
56. _, X. Zhou, D. Portis, and M. C. Serreze, 1994: Atmospheric contribution to hydrologic variations in the Arctic. Atmos.-Ocean, 34 (2), 733-755.
57. _, V. Kattsov, D. Portis, and V. Meleshko, 1998: Arctic precipitation and evaporation: Model results and observational estimates. J. Climate, 11, 72-87.
58. WCRP, 1997: Proceedings of the Workshop on the Implementation of the Arctic Precipitation Data Archive (APDA) at the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), Offenbach, Germany, 10-12 July, 1996, Arctic Climate System Study, World Climate Research Programme. WCRP-98, WMO/TD 804, 127 pp. plus appendices. [Available from World Climate Research Programme, 7 bis, Avenue de la Paix, Case Postale 2300, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland.]
59. Weller, G., and B. Holmgren, 1974: The microclimates of the Arctic-tundra. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 854-862.
60. Wernstedt, F. L., 1972: World Climatic Data. Climatic Data Press, 522 pp.
61. Willmott, C. J., J. R. Mather, and C. M. Rowe, 1981a: Average monthly and annual surface air temperature and precipitation data for the world. Part 1: The eastern hemisphere. Pub. Climatol., 34 (1), 395 pp.
62. _, _, and _, 1981b: Average monthly and annua surface air temperature and precipitation data for the world. Part 2: The western hemisphere. Pub. Climatol., 34 (1), 378 pp.
63. Woollen, J. S., E. Kalnay, L. Gandin, W. Collins, S. Saha, R. Kistler, M. Kanamitsu, and M. Chelliah, 1994: Quality Control in the Reanalysis System. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 13-14.
64. Zubenok, Z. T., 1976: Isparenie s sushi vodosbornogo basseina Severnogo Ledovitogo Okeana. Tr. Arkt. Antarkt. Nauchno.-issled. Inst., 323, 87-100.