메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 62, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 625-639

A developmental classification of malformations of the brainstem

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN MALFORMATION; BRAIN REGION; BRAINSTEM MALFORMATION; HUMAN; HYPOPLASIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; MESENCEPHALON; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PONS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY;

EID: 37849013276     PISSN: 03645134     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ana.21239     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0032498306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doublecortin, a brain-specific gene mutated in human X-linked lissencephaly and double cortex syndrome, encodes a putative signaling protein
    • Gleeson JG, Allen KA, Fox JW, et al. Doublecortin, a brain-specific gene mutated in human X-linked lissencephaly and double cortex syndrome, encodes a putative signaling protein. Cell 1998;92:63-72.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 63-72
    • Gleeson, J.G.1    Allen, K.A.2    Fox, J.W.3
  • 2
    • 0032422555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia
    • Fox JW, Lamperti ED, Edsioglu YZ, et al. Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia. Neuron 1998;21:1315-1325.
    • (1998) Neuron , vol.21 , pp. 1315-1325
    • Fox, J.W.1    Lamperti, E.D.2    Edsioglu, Y.Z.3
  • 3
    • 0038185363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the O-mannosyltransferase gene POMT1 give rise to the severe neuronal migration disorder Walker-Warburg syndrome
    • Beltran-Valero de Bernabe D, Currier S, Steinbrecher A, et al. Mutations in the O-mannosyltransferase gene POMT1 give rise to the severe neuronal migration disorder Walker-Warburg syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2002;71:1033-1043.
    • (2002) Am J Hum Genet , vol.71 , pp. 1033-1043
    • Beltran-Valero de Bernabe, D.1    Currier, S.2    Steinbrecher, A.3
  • 4
    • 9144274368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in ARF-GEF2 implicate vesicle trafficking in neural progenitor proliferation and migration in the human cerebral cortex
    • Sheen VL, Ganesh VS, Topcu M, et al. Mutations in ARF-GEF2 implicate vesicle trafficking in neural progenitor proliferation and migration in the human cerebral cortex. Nat Genet 2004;36:69-76.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 69-76
    • Sheen, V.L.1    Ganesh, V.S.2    Topcu, M.3
  • 5
    • 12144286654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein-coupled receptor-dependent development of human frontal cortex
    • Piao X, Hill RS, Bodell A, et al. G protein-coupled receptor-dependent development of human frontal cortex. Science 2004; 303:2033-2036.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 2033-2036
    • Piao, X.1    Hill, R.S.2    Bodell, A.3
  • 6
    • 19944433864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in POMT1 are found in a minority of patients with Walker-Warburg syndrome
    • Currier SC, Lee CK, Chang BS, et al. Mutations in POMT1 are found in a minority of patients with Walker-Warburg syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2005;133:53-57.
    • (2005) Am J Med Genet A , vol.133 , pp. 53-57
    • Currier, S.C.1    Lee, C.K.2    Chang, B.S.3
  • 7
    • 27644525551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype-phenotype analysis of human frontoparietal polymicrogyria syndromes
    • Piao X, Chang BS, Bodell A, et al. Genotype-phenotype analysis of human frontoparietal polymicrogyria syndromes. Ann Neurol 2005;58:680-687.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 680-687
    • Piao, X.1    Chang, B.S.2    Bodell, A.3
  • 8
    • 0027486966 scopus 로고
    • Lissencephaly: A human brain malformation associated with deletion of the LIS1 gene located at chromosome 17p13
    • Dobyns W, Reiner O, Carrozzo R, Ledbetter D. Lissencephaly: a human brain malformation associated with deletion of the LIS1 gene located at chromosome 17p13. J Am Med Assoc 1993;270:2838-2842.
    • (1993) J Am Med Assoc , vol.270 , pp. 2838-2842
    • Dobyns, W.1    Reiner, O.2    Carrozzo, R.3    Ledbetter, D.4
  • 9
    • 0028966947 scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the Pax2 gene in a family with optic nerve colobomas, renal anomalies, and vesicoureteral reflux
    • Sanyanusin P, Schimenti LA, McNoe LA, et al. Mutation of the Pax2 gene in a family with optic nerve colobomas, renal anomalies, and vesicoureteral reflux. Nat Genet 1995;9: 358-363.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.9 , pp. 358-363
    • Sanyanusin, P.1    Schimenti, L.A.2    McNoe, L.A.3
  • 10
    • 0031040866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point mutations and an intragenic deletion in LIS1, the lissencephaly causative gene in isolated lissencephaly sequence and Miller-Dieker syndrome
    • Lo Nigro C, Chong CS, Smith AC, et al. Point mutations and an intragenic deletion in LIS1, the lissencephaly causative gene in isolated lissencephaly sequence and Miller-Dieker syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 1997;6:157-164.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 157-164
    • Lo Nigro, C.1    Chong, C.S.2    Smith, A.C.3
  • 11
    • 7844223263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIS1 and XLIS (DCX) mutations cause most classical lissencephaly, but different patterns of malformation
    • Pilz DT, Matsumoto N, Minnerath S, et al. LIS1 and XLIS (DCX) mutations cause most classical lissencephaly, but different patterns of malformation. Hum Mol Genet 1998;7: 2029-2037.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 2029-2037
    • Pilz, D.T.1    Matsumoto, N.2    Minnerath, S.3
  • 12
    • 0033930097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial perisylvian polymicrogyria: A new familial syndrome of cortical maldevelopment
    • Guerreiro MM, Andermann E, Guerrini R, et al. Familial perisylvian polymicrogyria: a new familial syndrome of cortical maldevelopment. Ann Neurol 2000;48:39-48.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 39-48
    • Guerreiro, M.M.1    Andermann, E.2    Guerrini, R.3
  • 13
    • 0035145745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation analysis of the DCX gene and geneotype/phenotype correlation in subcortical band heterotopia
    • Matsumoto N, Leventer RJ, Kuc JA, et al. Mutation analysis of the DCX gene and geneotype/phenotype correlation in subcortical band heterotopia. Eur J Hum Genet 2001;9:5-12.
    • (2001) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.9 , pp. 5-12
    • Matsumoto, N.1    Leventer, R.J.2    Kuc, J.A.3
  • 14
    • 0036844387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of ARX causes abnormal development of forebrain and testes in mice and X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia in humans
    • Kitamura K, Yanazawa M, Sugiyama N, et al. Mutation of ARX causes abnormal development of forebrain and testes in mice and X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia in humans. Nat Genet 2002;32:359-369.
    • (2002) Nat Genet , vol.32 , pp. 359-369
    • Kitamura, K.1    Yanazawa, M.2    Sugiyama, N.3
  • 15
    • 3042850663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the FKRP gene can cause muscle-eye-brain disease and Walker-Warburg syndrome
    • Beltran-Valero de Bernabe D, Voit T, Longman C, et al. Mutations in the FKRP gene can cause muscle-eye-brain disease and Walker-Warburg syndrome. J Med Genet 2004;41:e61.
    • (2004) J Med Genet , vol.41
    • Beltran-Valero de Bernabe, D.1    Voit, T.2    Longman, C.3
  • 16
    • 4243834586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A homozygous nonsense mutation in the fukutin gene causes a Walker-Warburg syndrome phenotype
    • Beltran-Valero de Bernabe D, van Bokhoven H, van Beusekom E, et al. A homozygous nonsense mutation in the fukutin gene causes a Walker-Warburg syndrome phenotype. J Med Genet 2003;40:845-848.
    • (2003) J Med Genet , vol.40 , pp. 845-848
    • Beltran-Valero de Bernabe, D.1    van Bokhoven, H.2    van Beusekom, E.3
  • 17
    • 6944220087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterozygous deletion of the linked genes ZIC1 and ZIC4 is involved in Dandy-Walker malformation
    • Grinberg I, Northrup H, Ardinger H, et al. Heterozygous deletion of the linked genes ZIC1 and ZIC4 is involved in Dandy-Walker malformation. Nat Genet 2004;36:1053-1055.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 1053-1055
    • Grinberg, I.1    Northrup, H.2    Ardinger, H.3
  • 18
    • 33644821331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AHI1 gene mutations cause specific forms of Joubert syndrome-related disorders
    • Valente EM, Brancati F, Silhavy JL, et al. AHI1 gene mutations cause specific forms of Joubert syndrome-related disorders. Ann Neurol 2006;59:527-534.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 527-534
    • Valente, E.M.1    Brancati, F.2    Silhavy, J.L.3
  • 19
    • 29144470390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome: The brain malformation defines a core phenotype
    • Moog U, Jones MC, Bird LM, Dobyns WB. Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome: the brain malformation defines a core phenotype. J Med Genet 2005;42:913-921.
    • (2005) J Med Genet , vol.42 , pp. 913-921
    • Moog, U.1    Jones, M.C.2    Bird, L.M.3    Dobyns, W.B.4
  • 21
    • 0035179560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homozygous mutations in ARIX(PHOX2A) result in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 2
    • Nakano M, Yamada K, Fain J, et al. Homozygous mutations in ARIX(PHOX2A) result in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 2. Nat Genet 2001;29:315-320.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.29 , pp. 315-320
    • Nakano, M.1    Yamada, K.2    Fain, J.3
  • 22
    • 12344300652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital abnormalities of cranial nerve development: Overview, molecular mechanisms and further evidence of heterogeneity and complexity of syndromes with congenital limitation of eye movements
    • Trabousli EI. Congenital abnormalities of cranial nerve development: overview, molecular mechanisms and further evidence of heterogeneity and complexity of syndromes with congenital limitation of eye movements. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2004;102:373-390.
    • (2004) Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc , vol.102 , pp. 373-390
    • Trabousli, E.I.1
  • 23
    • 2942672967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging of brainstem hypoplasia in horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis
    • Rossi A, Catala M, Biancheri R, et al. MR imaging of brainstem hypoplasia in horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:1046-1048.
    • (2004) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.25 , pp. 1046-1048
    • Rossi, A.1    Catala, M.2    Biancheri, R.3
  • 24
    • 33747043538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion tensor MRI shows abnormal brainstem crossing fibers associated with ROBO3 mutations
    • Sicotte NL, Salamon G, Shattuck DW, et al. Diffusion tensor MRI shows abnormal brainstem crossing fibers associated with ROBO3 mutations. Neurology 2006;67:519-521.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 519-521
    • Sicotte, N.L.1    Salamon, G.2    Shattuck, D.W.3
  • 25
    • 33645749512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct visualization of nucleogenesis by precerebellar neurons: Involvement of ventricle-directed, radial fibre-associated migration
    • Kawauchi D, Taniguchi H, Watanabe H, et al. Direct visualization of nucleogenesis by precerebellar neurons: involvement of ventricle-directed, radial fibre-associated migration. Development 2006;133:1113-1123.
    • (2006) Development , vol.133 , pp. 1113-1123
    • Kawauchi, D.1    Taniguchi, H.2    Watanabe, H.3
  • 26
    • 2642584008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in a human ROBO gene disrupt hindbrain axon pathway crossing and morphogenesis
    • Jen JC, Chan W-M, Bosley TM, et al. Mutations in a human ROBO gene disrupt hindbrain axon pathway crossing and morphogenesis. Science 2004;304:1509-1513.
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 1509-1513
    • Jen, J.C.1    Chan, W.-M.2    Bosley, T.M.3
  • 27
    • 0025063223 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of intracranial lipoma: An MR study in 42 patients
    • Truwit CL, Barkovich AJ. Pathogenesis of intracranial lipoma: an MR study in 42 patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990; 11:665-674.
    • (1990) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.11 , pp. 665-674
    • Truwit, C.L.1    Barkovich, A.J.2
  • 28
    • 0033007902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional tracking of axonal projections in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging
    • Mori S, Crain BJ, Chacko VP, van Zijl PCM. Three dimensional tracking of axonal projections in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1999;45:265-269.
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 265-269
    • Mori, S.1    Crain, B.J.2    Chacko, V.P.3    van Zijl, P.C.M.4
  • 29
    • 32144433872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development
    • Barkovich AJ, Kuzniecky RJ, Jackson GD, et al. A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development. Neurology 2005;65:1873-1887.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1873-1887
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Kuzniecky, R.J.2    Jackson, G.D.3
  • 31
    • 33646356732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expanding phenotype of POMT1 mutations: From Walker-Warburg syndrome to congenital muscular dystrophy, microcephaly, and mental retardation
    • van Reeuwijk J, Maugenre S, van den Elzen C, et al. The expanding phenotype of POMT1 mutations: from Walker-Warburg syndrome to congenital muscular dystrophy, microcephaly, and mental retardation. Hum Mutat 2006;27: 453-459.
    • (2006) Hum Mutat , vol.27 , pp. 453-459
    • van Reeuwijk, J.1    Maugenre, S.2    van den Elzen, C.3
  • 32
    • 0032231712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging manifestations and classification of congenital muscular dystrophies
    • Barkovich AJ. Neuroimaging manifestations and classification of congenital muscular dystrophies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:1389-1396.
    • (1998) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.19 , pp. 1389-1396
    • Barkovich, A.J.1
  • 33
    • 0030837406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI in classification of congenital muscular dystrophies with brain abnormalities
    • van der Knaap MS, Smit LME, Barth PG, et al. MRI in classification of congenital muscular dystrophies with brain abnormalities. Ann Neurol 1997;42:50-59.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 50-59
    • van der Knaap, M.S.1    Smit, L.M.E.2    Barth, P.G.3
  • 34
    • 0000684034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital malformations of the brain and skull
    • Barkovich AJ, ed, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Barkovich AJ. Congenital malformations of the brain and skull. In: Barkovich AJ, ed. Pediatric neuroimaging. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005:291-439.
    • (2005) Pediatric neuroimaging , pp. 291-439
    • Barkovich, A.J.1
  • 35
    • 10744229593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molar tooth sign of the midbrain junction: Occurence in multiple distant syndromes
    • Gleeson J, Keeler L, Parisi M, et al. Molar tooth sign of the midbrain junction: occurence in multiple distant syndromes. Am J Med Genet 2004;125A:125-134.
    • (2004) Am J Med Genet , vol.125 A , pp. 125-134
    • Gleeson, J.1    Keeler, L.2    Parisi, M.3
  • 37
    • 0032871936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging features and classification of central nervous system malformations in Joubert syndrome
    • Quisling R, Barkovich A, Maria B. Magnetic resonance imaging features and classification of central nervous system malformations in Joubert syndrome. J Child Neurol 1999;14: 628-635.
    • (1999) J Child Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 628-635
    • Quisling, R.1    Barkovich, A.2    Maria, B.3
  • 38
    • 0032833614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of Joubert syndrome
    • Yachnis A, Rorke L. Neuropathology of Joubert syndrome. J Child Neurol 1999;14:655-659.
    • (1999) J Child Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 655-659
    • Yachnis, A.1    Rorke, L.2
  • 39
    • 2442566843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and genetic regulation of the development of the cerebellar system
    • Sotelo C. Cellular and genetic regulation of the development of the cerebellar system. Prog Neurobiol 2004;72:295-339.
    • (2004) Prog Neurobiol , vol.72 , pp. 295-339
    • Sotelo, C.1
  • 41
    • 21444454270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isthmus organizer and regionalization of the mesencephalon and metencephalon
    • Nakamura H, Watanabe Y. Isthmus organizer and regionalization of the mesencephalon and metencephalon. Int J Dev Biol 2005;49:231-235.
    • (2005) Int J Dev Biol , vol.49 , pp. 231-235
    • Nakamura, H.1    Watanabe, Y.2
  • 42
    • 0033539094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The caudal limit of Otx2 expression positions the isthmic organizer
    • Brocolli V, Boncinelli E, Wurst W. The caudal limit of Otx2 expression positions the isthmic organizer. Nature 1999;401: 164-168.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 164-168
    • Brocolli, V.1    Boncinelli, E.2    Wurst, W.3
  • 43
    • 0032908043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF8 induces formation of an ectopic isthmic organizer and isthmocerebellar development via a repressive effect on Otx2 expression
    • Martinez S, Crossley PH, Cobos I, et al. FGF8 induces formation of an ectopic isthmic organizer and isthmocerebellar development via a repressive effect on Otx2 expression. Development 1999;126:1189-1200.
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 1189-1200
    • Martinez, S.1    Crossley, P.H.2    Cobos, I.3
  • 45
    • 0034212625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granule cells and cerebellar boundaries: Analysis of Unc5h3 mutant chimeras
    • Goldowitz D, Hamre K, Przyborski S, Ackerman S. Granule cells and cerebellar boundaries: analysis of Unc5h3 mutant chimeras. J Neurosci 2000;20:4129-4137.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 4129-4137
    • Goldowitz, D.1    Hamre, K.2    Przyborski, S.3    Ackerman, S.4
  • 46
    • 0033681169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of the precerebellar system
    • Rodriguez CI, Dymecki SM. Origin of the precerebellar system. Neuron 2000;27:475-486.
    • (2000) Neuron , vol.27 , pp. 475-486
    • Rodriguez, C.I.1    Dymecki, S.M.2
  • 47
    • 23844442852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of precerebellar nuclei: Instructive factors and intracellular mediators in neuronal migration, survival and axon pathfinding
    • Bloch-Gallego E, Causeret F, Ezan F, et al. Development of precerebellar nuclei: instructive factors and intracellular mediators in neuronal migration, survival and axon pathfinding. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2005;49:253-266.
    • (2005) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.49 , pp. 253-266
    • Bloch-Gallego, E.1    Causeret, F.2    Ezan, F.3
  • 48
    • 0025683039 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar micropolygyria in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy: Observations in fetal and pediatric cases
    • Takada K, Nakamura H. Cerebellar micropolygyria in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy: observations in fetal and pediatric cases. Brain Dev 1990;12:774-778.
    • (1990) Brain Dev , vol.12 , pp. 774-778
    • Takada, K.1    Nakamura, H.2
  • 49
    • 0031044984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle-eye-brain disease: A neuropathological study
    • Haltia M, Leivo I, Somer H, et al. Muscle-eye-brain disease: a neuropathological study. Ann Neurol 1997;41:173-180.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 173-180
    • Haltia, M.1    Leivo, I.2    Somer, H.3
  • 50
    • 0027420893 scopus 로고
    • Disorder of cerebellar foliation in Walker's lissencephaly and Neu-Laxoca syndrome
    • Lyon G, Raymond G, Mogami K, et al. Disorder of cerebellar foliation in Walker's lissencephaly and Neu-Laxoca syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1993;52:633-639.
    • (1993) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 633-639
    • Lyon, G.1    Raymond, G.2    Mogami, K.3
  • 52
    • 0034517813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossing the midline: Roles and regulation of Robo receptors
    • Rajagopalan S, Nicolas E, Vivancos V, et al. Crossing the midline: roles and regulation of Robo receptors. Neuron 2000; 28:767-777.
    • (2000) Neuron , vol.28 , pp. 767-777
    • Rajagopalan, S.1    Nicolas, E.2    Vivancos, V.3
  • 53
    • 0034704237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting a longitudinal pathway: Robo receptors specify the lateral position of axons in the Drosophila CNS
    • Rajagopalan S, Vivancos V, Nicolas E, Dickson BJ. Selecting a longitudinal pathway: Robo receptors specify the lateral position of axons in the Drosophila CNS. Cell 2000;103:1033-1045.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.103 , pp. 1033-1045
    • Rajagopalan, S.1    Vivancos, V.2    Nicolas, E.3    Dickson, B.J.4
  • 54
    • 33749063648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When a diffusible axon guidance cue stops diffusing: Roles for netrins in adhesion and morphogenesis
    • Baker KA, Moore SW, Jarjour AA, Kennedy TE. When a diffusible axon guidance cue stops diffusing: roles for netrins in adhesion and morphogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2006;16:529-534.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.16 , pp. 529-534
    • Baker, K.A.1    Moore, S.W.2    Jarjour, A.A.3    Kennedy, T.E.4
  • 55
    • 33749013593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of repulsive guidance molecules in the embryonic and adult vertebrate central nervous system
    • Mueller B, Yamashita T, Schaffar G, Mueller R. The role of repulsive guidance molecules in the embryonic and adult vertebrate central nervous system. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 2006;361:1513-1529.
    • (2006) Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci , vol.361 , pp. 1513-1529
    • Mueller, B.1    Yamashita, T.2    Schaffar, G.3    Mueller, R.4
  • 56
    • 33749020568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pasterkamp R, Verhaagen J. Semaphorins in axon regeneration: developmental guidance molecules gone wrong? Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 2006;361:1499-1511.
    • Pasterkamp R, Verhaagen J. Semaphorins in axon regeneration: developmental guidance molecules gone wrong? Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 2006;361:1499-1511.
  • 57
    • 0036234298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of molecular genetics to the understanding of congenital ocular motility disorders
    • Engle E. Applications of molecular genetics to the understanding of congenital ocular motility disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;956:55-63.
    • (2002) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.956 , pp. 55-63
    • Engle, E.1
  • 58
    • 16244363027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoplastic oculomotor nerve and absent abducens nerve in congenital fibrosis syndrome and synergistic divergence with magnetic resonance imaging
    • Kim JH, Hwang JM. Hypoplastic oculomotor nerve and absent abducens nerve in congenital fibrosis syndrome and synergistic divergence with magnetic resonance imaging. Ophthalmology 2005;112:728-732.
    • (2005) Ophthalmology , vol.112 , pp. 728-732
    • Kim, J.H.1    Hwang, J.M.2
  • 59
    • 79960898150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and developmental disorders of the brain stem
    • ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A, eds, Berlin: Springer
    • ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Cruysberg JRM, Cremers CWJR. Development and developmental disorders of the brain stem. In: ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A, eds. Clinical neuroembryology. Berlin: Springer, 2006:269-308.
    • (2006) Clinical neuroembryology , pp. 269-308
    • ten Donkelaar, H.J.1    Lammens, M.2    Cruysberg, J.R.M.3    Cremers, C.W.J.R.4
  • 60
    • 29644445330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midbrain disconnection: An aetiology of severe central neonatal hypotonia
    • Bednarek N, Scavarda D, Mesmin F, et al. Midbrain disconnection: an aetiology of severe central neonatal hypotonia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2005;9:419-422.
    • (2005) Eur J Paediatr Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 419-422
    • Bednarek, N.1    Scavarda, D.2    Mesmin, F.3
  • 61
    • 0036208992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agenesis of the mesencephalon and metencephalon with cerebellar hypoplasia: Putative mutation in the EN2 gene - report of 2 cases in early infancy
    • Sarnat H, Benjamin D, Siebert J, et al. Agenesis of the mesencephalon and metencephalon with cerebellar hypoplasia: putative mutation in the EN2 gene - report of 2 cases in early infancy. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2002;5:54-68.
    • (2002) Pediatr Dev Pathol , vol.5 , pp. 54-68
    • Sarnat, H.1    Benjamin, D.2    Siebert, J.3
  • 62
    • 23644440059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pontomedullary disconnection: Fetal and neonatal considerations
    • McCann E, Pilling D, Hesseling M, et al. Pontomedullary disconnection: fetal and neonatal considerations. Pediatr Radiol 2005;35:812-814.
    • (2005) Pediatr Radiol , vol.35 , pp. 812-814
    • McCann, E.1    Pilling, D.2    Hesseling, M.3
  • 63
    • 0028070716 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal pontomedullary disconnection with aplasia or destruction of the lower brain stem: A case of pontoneocerebellar hypoplasia?
    • Mamourian A, Miller G. Neonatal pontomedullary disconnection with aplasia or destruction of the lower brain stem: a case of pontoneocerebellar hypoplasia? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994;15:1483-1485.
    • (1994) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.15 , pp. 1483-1485
    • Mamourian, A.1    Miller, G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.