Viewpoint: Physician, know thyself: The professional culture of medicine as a framework for teaching cultural competence

Academic Medicine

Volumn 83, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 106-111

  Boutin Foster, Carla ^a,b   Foster, Jordan C ^c,d   Konopasek, Lyuba ^b  

^a NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^c Adult Emergency Medicine Department

^d Columbia University Medical College ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CULTURAL FACTOR; MEDICAL EDUCATION; PHYSICIAN ATTITUDE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 37649001200     PISSN: 10402446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31815c6753     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. LCME Accreditation Standards. Available at: (http://www.lcme.org/ standard.htm). Accessed September 6, 2007.
2. Association of American Medical Colleges. Cultural Competence Education for Medical Students: Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (TACCT). Available at: (http://www.aamc.org/meded/tacct/start.htm). Accessed September 6, 2007.
3. Association of American Medical Colleges. A Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (TACCT). Available at: (www.aamc.org/meded/tacct/ culturalcomped.pdf). Accessed September 6, 2007.
4. Brian DS, Adrienne YS, Alan RN, eds. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2003. Available at: (http://www.nap.edu/books/030908265X/html). Accessed September 6, 2007.
5. Nunez AE. Transforming cultural competence into cross-cultural efficacy in women's health education. Acad Med. 2000;75:1071-1080.
6. Carrillo JE, Green AR, Betancourt JR. Cross-cultural primary care: a patient-based approach. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:829-834.
7. Price EG, Beach MC, Gary TL, et al. A systematic review of the methodological rigor of studies evaluating cultural competence training of health professionals. Acad Med. 2005;80:578-586.
8. Flores G, Gee D, Kastner B. The teaching of cultural issues in U.S. and Canadian medical schools. Acad Med. 2000;75:451-455.
9. Beach MC, Price EG, Gary TL, et al. Cultural competence: a systematic review of health care provider educational interventions. Med Care. 2005;43:356-373.
10. Kai J, Bridgewater R, Spencer J. "'Just think of TB and Asians,' that's all I ever hear": medical learners' views about training to work in an ethnically diverse society. Med Educ. 2001;35:250-256.
11. Shapiro J, Hollingshead J, Morrison EH. Primary care resident, faculty, and patient views of barriers to cultural competence, and the skills needed to overcome them. Med Educ. 2002;36:749-759.
12. Betancourt JR, Green AR, Carrillo JE, Park ER. Cultural competence and health care disparities: key perspectives and trends. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24:499-505.
13. Crandall SJ, George G, Marion GS, Davis S. Applying theory to the design of cultural competency training for medical students: a case study. Acad Med. 2003;78:588-594.
14. Bennett M. A developmental approach to training for intercultural sensitivity. Int J Intercult Relat. 1986;10:179-196.
15. Murray-Garcia JL, Harrell S, Garcia JA, Gizzi E, Simms-Mackey P. Self-reflection in multicultural training: be careful what you ask for. Acad Med. 2005;80:694-701.
16. Fuller K. Eradicating essentialism from cultural competency education. Acad Med. 2002;77:198-201.
17. Betancourt JR. Cross-cultural medical education: conceptual approaches and frameworks for evaluation. Acad Med. 2003;78:560-569.
18. Green AR, Betancourt JR, Carrillo JE. Integrating social factors into cross-cultural medical education. Acad Med. 2002;77:193-197.
19. Wear D. Insurgent multiculturalism: rethinking how and why we teach culture in medical education. Acad Med. 2003;78:549-554.
20. van Ryn M, Fu SS. Paved with good intentions: do public health and human service providers contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in health? Am J Public Health. 2003;93:248-255.
21. Hunt LM, de Voogd KB. Clinical myths of the cultural "other": implications for Latino patient care. Acad Med. 2005;80:918-924.
22. Johnson JL, Bottorff JL, Browne AJ, Grewal S, Hilton BA, Clarke H. Othering and being othered in the context of health care services. Health Commun. 2004;16:255-271.
23. Nickens HW, Ready TP, Petersdorf RG. Project 3000 by 2000. Racial and ethnic diversity in U.S. medical schools. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:472-476.
24. Tervalon M, Murray-Garcia J. Cultural humility versus cultural competence: a critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 1998;9:117-125.
25. Epstein RM. Mindful practice. JAMA. 1999;282:833-839.
26. Mezirow J. Transformative learning: theory to practice. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. No. 74. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass; 1997:74:5-12.
27. Office of Minority Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Teaching Cultrual Competence in Health Care: A Review of Current Concepts, Policies, and Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2002.
28. Taylor JS. Confronting "culture" in medicine's "culture of no culture." Acad Med. 2003;78:555-559.
29. Lempp H, Seale C. The hidden curriculum in undergraduate medical education: qualitative study of medical students' perceptions of teaching. BMJ. 2004;329:770-773.
30. Hafferty FW. Beyond curriculum reform: confronting medicine's hidden curriculum. Acad Med. 1998;73:403-407.
31. Fryer-Edwards K. Addressing the hidden curriculum in scientific research. Am J Bioeth. 2002;2:58-59.
32. Wear D. On white coats and professional development: the formal and the hidden curricula. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:734-737.
33. Rehman SU, Nietert PJ, Cope DW, Kilpatrick AO. What to wear today? Effect of doctor's attire on the trust and confidence of patients. Am J Med. 2005;118:1279-1286.
34. Gooden BR, Smith MJ, Tattersall SJ, Stockler MR. Hospitalised patients' views on doctors and white coats. Med J Aust. 2001;175:219-222.
35. Chrysant SG. Treatment of white coat hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2000;2:412-417.
36. Elliott HL. White coat hypertension: what are the implications? Practitioner. 2000;244:120-127.
37. Martinez Lopez MA, Garcia Puig J. White coat hypertension: to treat or not to treat? Work Group MAPA-Madrid [in Spanish]. Med Clin (Barc). 2000;115:221-223.
38. Anspach RR. Notes on the sociology of medical discourse: the language of case presentation. J Health Soc Behav. 1988;29:357-375.
39. Lehmann LS, Brancati FL, Chen MC, Roter D, Dobs AS. The effect of bedside case presentations on patients' perceptions of their medical care. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1150-1155.
40. Lerner EB, Jehle DV, Janicke DM, Moscati RM. Medical communication: do our patients understand? Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18:764-766.
41. Anderson LM, Scrimshaw SC, Fullilove MT, Fielding JE, Normand J. Culturally competent healthcare systems. A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2003;24(3 suppl):68-79.
42. Kleinman A. Anthropology and psychiatry. The role of culture in cross-cultural research on illness. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;151:447-454.
43. Kleinman A, Eisenberg L, Good B. Culture, illness, and care: clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:251-258.
44. Young A. The anthropologies of illness and sickness. Annu Rev Anthropol. 1982;11:257-285.
45. Sayre J. The patient's diagnosis: explanatory models of mental illness. Qual Health Res. 2000;10:71-83.
46. Ashton CM, Haidet P, Paterniti DA, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of health services: bias, preferences, or poor communication? J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18:146-152.
47. Snell LM, Wilson RP, Oeffinger KC, Sargent C, Chen O, Corey KM. Patient and physician explanatory models for acute bronchitis. J Fam Pract. 2002;51:1035-1040.
48. Payer L. Medicine & Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France. New York, NY: Henry Holt; 1988.
49. Winter RO, Birnberg BA. Teaching professionalism artfully. Fam Med. 2006;38:169-171.
50. Brady DW, Corbie-Smith G, Branch WT. "What's important to you?" The use of narratives to promote self-reflection and to understand the experiences of medical residents. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:220-223.
51. Charon R. The patient-physician relationship. Narrative medicine: a model for empathy, reflection, profession, and trust. JAMA. 2001;286:1897-1902.
52. Alexander M. The doctor: a seminal video for cinemeducation. Fam Med. 2002;34:92-94.
53. Alexander M, Hall MN, Pettice YJ. Cinemeducation: an innovative approach to teaching psychosocial medical care. Fam Med. 1994;26:430-433.
54. Coonar AS, Dooley M, Daniels M, Taylor RW. The use of role-play in teaching medical students obstetrics and gynaecology. Med Teach. 1991;13:49-53.
55. Joyner B, Young L. Teaching medical students using role play: twelve tips for successful role plays. Med Teach. 2006;28:225-229.
56. Schon DA, ed. The Reflective Practioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1983.