Ultra-compact, low RF power, 10 Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator

Optics Express

Volumn 15, Issue 25, 2007, Pages 17106-17113

  Green, William M J ^a   Rooks, Michael J ^a   Sekaric, Lidija ^a   Vlasov, Yurii A ^a  

^a IBM T J WATSON RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROOPTICAL DEVICES; LIGHT MODULATION; LIGHT MODULATORS;

MACH-ZEHNDER ELECTROOPTIC MODULATORS; MODULATION EFFICIENCY;

MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETERS;

EID: 37149010792     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.017106     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, "On the design, of a photonic network on chip," in Proceedings of the First IEEE International Symposium on Networks-on-Chips (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 2007), pp. 53-64.
2. D. A. B. Miller, "Optical, interconnects to silicon," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6, 1312-1317 (2000).
3. R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, "Electrooptical effects in silicon," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 123-129 (1987).
4. R. A. Soref and J. P. Lorenzo, "All-silicon active and passive guided-wave components for λ = 1.3 and 1.6 μm," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 22, 873-879 (1986).
5. G. V. Treyz, P. G. May, and J.-M. Halbout, "Silicon Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometers based on the plasma dispersion effect," Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 771-773 (1991).
6. G. V. Treyz, P. G. May, and J.-M. Halbout, "Silicon optical modulators at. 1.3 μm based on free-carrier absorption," IEEE Electron Device Lett. 12, 276-278 (1991).
7. C. K. Tang and G. T. Reed, "Highly efficient optical, phase modulator in SOI waveguides," Electron. Lett. 31, 451-452 (1995).
8. P. Dainesi, A. Kung, M. Chabloz, A. Lagos, P. Fluckiger, A. Ionescu, P. Fazan, M. Declerq, P. Renaud, and P. Robert, "CMOS compatible fully integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer in SOI technology," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 660-662 (2000).
9. Y. Vlasov and S. McNab, "Losses in single-mode silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides and bends," Opt. Express 12, 1622-1631 (2004).
10. Q. Xu, S. Manipatruni, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "12.5 Gbit/s carrier-injection-based silicon micro-ring silicon modulators," Opt. Express 15, 430-436 (2007).
11. Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005).
12. C Li, L. Zhou, and A. W. Poon, "Silicon microring carrier-injection-based modulators/switches with tunable extinction, ratios and OR-logic switching by using waveguide cross-coupling," Opt. Express 15, 5069-5076 (2007).
13. A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, "A high-speed silicon optical, modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor," Nature 427, 615-618 (2004).
14. L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, M. Morse, A. Liu, D. Hodge, D. Rubin, U. Keil, and T. Franck, "High speed silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator," Opt. Express 13, 3129-3135 (2005).
15. A. Liu, L. Liao, D. Rubin, H. Nguyen, B. Ciftcioglu, Y. Chetrit, N. Izhaky, and M. Paniccia, "High-speed optical modulation based on carrier depletion in a silicon waveguide," Opt. Express 15, 660-668 (2007).
16. B. Analui, D. Guckenberger, D. Kucharski, and A. Narasimha, "A fully integrated 20-Gb/s optoelectronic transceiver implemented in a standard 0.13-μm CMOS SOI technology," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41, 2945-2955 (2006).
17. W. M. J. Green, M. J. Rooks, L. Sekaric, and Y. A. Vlasov, "Ultra-compact, low RF power, 10 Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers & Electro-Optics Society (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 2007), Postdeadline paper PD1.2.
18. L. Sekaric, S. J. McNab, and Y. A. Vlasov, "Y-splitters in photonic wires and photonic crystal waveguides," presented at the VI Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures, Crete, Greece, 19-24 June 2005.http://www.research.ibm.com/photonics/posters/splilttters_pecsvi.pdf
19. S. McNab, N. Moll, and Y. Vlasov, "Ultra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal, waveguides," Opt. Express 11, 2927-2939 (2003).
20. C. A. Barrios, V. R. Almeida, R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "Electrooptic modulation, of silicon-on-insulator submicrometer-size waveguide devices," J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 2332-2339 (2003).
21. F. Gardes, G. Reed, N. Emerson, and C. Png, "A sub-micron depletion-type photonic modulator in Silicon On Insulator," Opt. Express 13, 8845-8854 (2005).
22. H. Stark, F. B. Tuteur, and J. B. Anderson, Modern Electrical Communications, (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1988).
23. S. Haykin, Communication Systems, (Wiley, New York, 1994).
24. T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. Kartner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact energy-efficient interconnects," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007).
25. F. Gan, S. J. Spector, M. W. Geis, M. E. Grein, R. T. Schulein, J. U. Yoon, T. M. Lyszczarz, and F. X. Kartner, "Compact, low-power, high-speed silicon, electro-optic modulator," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2007), paper CTuQ6.