Flood basalts and metallogeny: The lithospheric mantle connection

Earth-Science Reviews

Volumn 86, Issue 1-4, 2008, Pages 145-174

  Zhang, Ming ^a   O'Reilly, Suzanne Y ^a   Wang, Kuo Lung ^a   Hronsky, Jon ^a,b   Griffin, William L ^a  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b BHP BILLITON   (Australia)

Author keywords

continental flood basalts; cratonic lithosphere; lithospheric mantle; lithospheric sulfides; mantle plumes; nickel and PGE mineralisation

Indexed keywords

CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION; FLOOD BASALT; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; LITHOSPHERE; MANTLE PLUME; MANTLE SOURCE; METALLOGENESIS; MINERALIZATION; ORE DEPOSIT; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT;

AFRICA; ASIA; BRAZIL; BUSHVELD COMPLEX; DECCAN; EURASIA; FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES; INDIA; INDIAN OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS; KAROO; KERGUELEN; KERGUELEN ISLANDS; ONTONG JAVA PLATEAU; PACIFIC OCEAN; PARANA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTH AMERICA; SOUTH ASIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 36849066979     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.08.007     Document Type: Article

References (130)

1. 187Os systematics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 170 (1999) 197-204
2. Alard O., Griffin W.L., Lorand J.-P., Simon E., Jackson S.E., and O'Reilly S.Y. Non-chondritic distribution of the highly siderophile elements in mantle sulphides. Nature 407 (2000) 891-894
3. Alard O., Griffin W.L., Pearson N.J., Lorand J.-P., and O'Reilly S.Y. New insights into the Re-Os systematics of subcontinental lithospheric mantle from in-situ analysis of sulfides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 203 (2002) 651-663
4. Alard O., Luguet A., Pearson N.J., Griffin W.L., Lorand J.-P., Gannoun A., Burton K.W., and O'Reilly S.Y. In situ Os isotopes in abyssal peridotites bridge the isotopic gap between MORBs and their source mantle. Nature, 436 (2005) 1005-1008
5. Arndt N.T., Naldrett A.J., and Hunter D.R. Ore deposits associated with mafic magmas in the Kaapvaal craton. Mineralium Deposita 32 (1997) 323-334
6. Arndt N.T., Czamanske G.K., Walker R.J., Chauvel C., and Fedorenko V.A. Geochemistry and origin of the intrusive hosts of the Noril'sk-Talnakh Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 98 (2003) 495-515
7. Ballhaus C., Bockrath C., Wohlge-Ueberwasser C., Laurenz V., and Berndt L. Fractionation of noble metals by physical processes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 152 (2006) 667-684
8. Bedini R.M., and Bodinier J.-L. Distribution of incompatible trace elements between the constituents of spinel peridotite xenoliths: ICP-MS data from the East African rift. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63 (1999) 3883-3900
9. Bézos A., Lorand J.-P., Humler E., and Gros M. Platinum-group element systematics in mid-oceanic ridge basaltic glasses from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 (2005) 2613-2627
10. Bockrath C., Ballhaus C., and Holzheid A. Fractionation of the platinum-group elements during mantle melting. Science 305 (2004) 1951-1953
11. Brauns C.M., Hergt J.M., Woodhead J.D., and Maas R. Os isotope and the origin of the Tasmanian dolerites. Journal of Petrology, 41 (2000) 905-918
12. Brenan J.M., McDonough W.F., and Dalpé C. Experimental constraints on the partitioning of rhenium and some platinum-group elements between olivine and silicate melt. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 212 (2003) 135-150
13. Brenan J.M., McDonough W.F., and Ash R. An experimental study of the solubility and partitioning of iridium, osmium and gold between olivine and silicate melt. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 237 (2005) 855-872
14. Brooks K., Keays R.R., Lambert D.D., Frick L.R., and Nielsen T.F.D. Re-Os isotope geochemistry of Tertiary picritic and basaltic magmatism of east Greenland: constraints on plume-lithosphere interactions and the genesis of the Platinova reef, Skaergard intrusion. Lithos 47 (1999) 107-126
15. Brügmann G.E., Naldrett A.J., Asif M., Lightfood P.C., Gorbachev N.S., and Fedorenko V.A. Siderophile and chalcophile metals as tracers of the evolution of the Siberian trap in the Noril'sk region, Russia. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 57 (1993) 2001-2018
16. Buchanan P.C., Koeberl C., and Reimold W.U. Petrogenesis of the Dullstroom Formation, Bushveld Magmatic Province, South Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 137 (1999) 133-146
17. Buchanan P.C., Reimold W.U., Koeberl C., and Kruger F.J. Geochemistry of intermediate to siliceous volcanic rocks of the Rooiberg Group, Bushveld Magmatic Province, South Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 144 (2002) 131-143
18. Buchanan P.C., Reimold W.U., Koeberl C., and Kruger F.J. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of the Rooiberg Group, South Africa: early Bushveld-related volcanism. Lithos 75 (2004) 373-388
19. Burton K.W., Gannoun A., Birck J.-L., Allègre C.J., Schiano P., Clocchiatti R., and Alard O. The compatibility of rhenium and osmium in natural olivine and their behaviour during mantle melting and basalt genesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 198 (2002) 63-76
20. Campbell I.H., and Naldrett A.J. The influence of silicate: sulfide ratios on the geochemistry of magmatic sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 74 (1979) 1503-1505
21. Carlson R.W., Pearson D.G., and James D.E. Physical, chemical and chronological characteristics of continental mantle. Reviews of Geophysics 43, RG1001 (2005) 10.1029/2004RG000156
22. Chauvel C., Hofmann A.W., and Vidal P. HIMU-EM: The French Polynesian connection. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 110 (1992) 99-119
23. Chazey W.J., and Neal C.R. Platinum-group element constraints on source composition and magma evolution of the Kerguelen Plateau using basalts from ODP Leg 183. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 (2005) 4685-4701
24. Chesley J., Righter K., and Ruiz J. Large-scale metasomatism: a Re-Os perspective. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 219 (2004) 49-60
25. Condie. Mantle Plumes and Their Records in Earth History (2001), Cambridge University Press, New York 306 pp
26. Crocket J.H. Platinum-group element geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks. In: Cabri L.J. (Ed). Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Beneficiation of Platinum-Group Elements 54 (2002), Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume, Montreal, Quebec 177-210
27. Curl, E.A., 2001. Parental magmas of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Ph.D. Thesis, Monash University, Australia, 140 pp.
28. Ellam R.M. New constraints on the petrogenesis of the Nuanetsi picrite basalts from Pb and Hf isotope data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245 (2006) 153-161
29. Ellam R.M., Carlson R.W., and Shirey S.B. Evidence from Re-Os isotopes for plume-lithosphere mixing in Karoo flood basalt genesis. Nature 359 (1992) 718-721
30. Elliott T. Tracers of the slab. In: Eiler J. (Ed). Inside the Subduction Factory. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 138 (2003) 23-46
31. Ely J.C., and Neal C.R. Using platinum-group elements to investigate the origin of the Ontong Java Plateau, SW Pacific. Chemical Geology 196 (2003) 235-257
32. Erlank A.J., Allsopp H.L., Duncan A.R., and Bristow J.W. Mantle heterogeneity beneath South Africa: evidence from the volcanic record. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London A297 (1980) 295-307
33. Erlank A.J., Waters F.G., Hawkesworth C.J., Haggerty S.E., Allsopp H.L., Rickard R.S., and Menzies M. Evidence for mantle metasomatism in peridotite nodules from the Kimberley pipes, South Africa. In: Menzies M.A., and Hawkesworth C.J. (Eds). Mantle Metasomatism (1987), Academic Press, London 221-311
34. Ernst R.E., and Buchan K.L. Recognizing mantle plumes in the geological record. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 31 (2003) 469-523
35. Fleet M.E., Crocket J.H., Liu M., and Stone W.E. Laboratory partitioning of platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold with application to magmatic sulfide-PGE deposits. Lithos, 47 (1999) 127-142
36. Foster J.G., Lambert D.D., Frick L.R., and Mass R. Re-Os isotopic evidence for genesis of Archaean nickel ores from uncontaminated komatiites. Nature 382 (1996) 703-706
37. Foulger G.R., Natland J.H., Presnall D.C., and Anderson D.L. Plates, plumes, and paradigms. The Geological Society of America Special Paper 388 (2005), Boulder, USA 881 pp
38. Gaetani G.A., and Grove T.L. Partitioning of moderately siderophile elements among olivine, silicate melt, and sulfide melt: constraints on core formation in the Earth and Mars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61 (1997) 1829-1846
39. Gangopadhyay A., Sproule R.A., Walker R.J., and Lesher C.M. Re-Os systematics of komatiites and komatiitic basalts at Dundonald Beach, Ontario, Canada: evidence for a complex alteration history and implications of a late-Archean chondritic mantle source. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 (2005) 5087-5098
40. Gibson S.A., Thompson R.N., Dickin A.P., and Leonardos O.H. High-Ti and low-Ti mafic potassic magmas: key to plume-lithosphere interactions and continental flood basalt genesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 141 (1996) 325-341
41. Grand S. Mantle shear-wave tomography and the fate of subducted slabs. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London A 360 (2002) 2475-2491
42. Grégoire M., Bell D.R., and Le Roex A.P. Trace element geochemistry of phlogopite-rich mafic mantle xenoliths: their classification and their relationship to phlogopite-bearing peridotites and kimberlites revisited. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 142 (2002) 603-625
43. Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., and Ryan C.G. The composition and origin of subcontinental lithospheric mantle. In: Fei Y., Bertka C.M., and Mysen B.O. (Eds). Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High-Pressure Experimentation: a Tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd. Special Publication-Geochemical Society v. 6 (1999), The Geochemical Society, Houston 13-45
44. Griffin W.L., Ryan C.G., Kaminsky F.V., O'Reilly S.Y., Natapov L.M., Win T.T., Kinny P.D., and Ilupin I.P. The Siberian lithosphere traverse: mantle terranes and the assembly of the Siberian Craton. Tectonophysics 310 (1999) 1-35
45. Griffin W.L., Spetsius Z.V., Pearson N.J., and O'Reilly S.Y. In situ Re-Os analysis of sulfide inclusions in kimberlitic olivine: new constraints on depletion events in the Siberian lithospheric mantle. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 3 (2002) 10.1029/2001GC000287
46. Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Natapov L.M., and Ryan C.G. The evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath the Kalahari Craton and its margins. Lithos 71 (2003) 215-241
47. Griffin W.L., Graham S., O'Reilly S.Y., and Pearson N.J. Lithosphere evolution beneath the Kaapvaal Craton: Re-Os systematics of sulfides in mantle-derived peridotites. Chemical Geology 208 (2004) 89-118
48. Hanski E., Walker R.J., Huhma H., Polyakov G.V., Balykin P.A., Hoa T.T., and Phuong N.T. Origin of the Permian-Triassic komatiites, northwestern Vietnam. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 147 (2004) 453-469
49. Harmer R.E., Lee C.A., and Eglington B.M. A deep mantle source for carbonatite magmatism: evidence from the nephelinites and carbonatites of the Buhera district, SE Zimbabwe. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 158 (1998) 131-142
50. Hart S.R. A large scale isotope anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere mantle. Nature 309 (1984) 753-757
51. Hart S.R., and Ravizza G. Os partitioning between phases in lherzolite and basalt. In: Basu A., and Hart S.R. (Eds). Earth Processes: Reading the Isotopic Code. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 95 (1996) 123-134
52. Hart S.R., Hauri E.H., Oschmann L.A., and Whitehead J.A. Mantle plumes and entrainment: isotopic evidence. Science 256 (1992) 517-520
53. Hawkesworth C.J., Lightfoot P.C., Fedorenko V.A., Blake S., Naldrett A.J., Doherty W., and Gorbachev N.S. Magma differentiation and mineralisation in the Siberian flood basalts. Lithos 34 (1995) 61-88
54. Hawkesworth C.J., Turner S., Peate D., McDermott F., and van Calsteren P. Elemental U and Th variations in island arc rocks: implications for U-series isotopes. Chemical Geology 139 (1997) 207-221
55. Hergt J.M., Chappell B.W., McCulloch M.T., Mcdougall I., and Chivas A.R. Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the origin of the Jurassic dolerites of Tasmania. Journal of Petrology 30 (1989) 841-883
56. Herzberg C., Asimov P.D., Arndt N., Niu Y., Lesher C.M., Fitton J.G., Cheadle M.J., and Saunders A.D. Temperatures in ambient mantle and plumes: constraints from basalts, picrites, and komatiites. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 8 (2007) 10.1029/2006GC001390
57. Hofmann A.W. Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 385 (1997) 219-229
58. Horan M.F., Walker R.J., Fedorenko V.A., and Czamanske G.K. Osmium and neodymium isotopic constraints on the temporal and spatial evolution of Siberian flood basalt sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59 (1995) 5159-5168
59. Ingle S., Scoates J.S., Weis D., Brügmann G., and Kent R.W. Origin of Cretaceous continental tholeiites in southwestern Australia and eastern India: insights from Hf and Os isotopes. Chemical Geology 209 (2004) 83-106
60. Jourdan F., Féraud G., Bertrand H., and Watkeys M.K. From flood basalts to the inception of oceanization: example from the 40Ar/39Ar high-resolution picture of the Karoo large igneous province. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 8 (2007) 10.1029/2006GC001392
61. Keays R.R. The role of komatiitic and picritic magmatism and S-saturation in the formation of ore deposits. Lithos 34 (1995) 1-18
62. Kessel R., Schmidt M.W., Ulmer P., and Pettke T. Trace element signatures of subduction-zone fluids, melts and supercritical liquids at 120-180 km depth. Nature 437 (2005) 724-727
63. Lassiter J.C., and DePaolo D.J. Plume/lithosphere interaction in the generation of continental and oceanic flood basalts: chemical and isotopic constraints. In: Mahoney J.J., and Coffin M.F. (Eds). Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 100 (1997) 335-355
64. Leat P.T., Dean A.A., Millar I.L., Kelley S.P., Vaughan A.P.M., and Riley T.R. Lithospheric mantle domains beneath Antarctica. In: Vaughan A.P.M., Leat P.T., and Pankhurst R.J. (Eds). Terrane Processes at the Margins of Gondwana. Geological Society, London, Special Publications v. 246 (2005), Blackwell Scientific Publications 359-380
65. Lesher C.M. Komatiite-associated nickel sulfide deposits. In: Whitney J.A., and Naldrett A.J. (Eds). Ore Deposition Associated with Magmas. Review of Economic Geology 4 (1989), Society of Economic Geology, El Paso 45-101
66. Lesher C.M., Burnham O.M., Keays R.R., Barnes S.-J., and Hulbert L. Trace-element geochemistry and petrogenesis of barren and ore-associated komatiites. Canadian Mineralogist 39 (2001) 673-696
67. Lightfoot P.C., and Hawkesworth C.J. Flood basalts and magmatic Ni, Cu, and PGE sulphide mineralisation: comparative geochemistry of the Noril'sk (Siberian traps) and West Greenland sequences. In: Mahoney J.J., and Coffin M.F. (Eds). Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 100 (1997) 357-380
68. Lightfoot P.C., and Keays R.R. Siderophile and chalcophile metal variations in flood basalts from the Siberian Trap, Noril'sk region: implications for the origin of the Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide ores. Economic Geology 100 (2005) 439-462
69. Lightfoot P.C., Hawkesworth C.J., Devey C.W., Rogern W., and van Calsteren P. Source and differentiation of Deccan Trap lavas: implications of geochemical and mineral chemical variation. Journal of Petrology (1990) 1165-1200
70. Lightfoot P.C., Naldrett A.J., Gorbachev N.S., Doherty W., and Fedorenko V.A. Geochemistry of the Siberian Trap of the Noril'sk area, USSR, with the relative contributions of crust and mantle to flood basalt magmatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 104 (1990) 631-644
71. Lightfoot P.C., Hawkesworth C.J., Hergt J.M., Naldrett A.J., Gorbachev N.S., Fedorenko V.A., and Doherty W. Remobilisation of the continental lithosphere by a mantle plume: trace element, and Sr-, Nd- and Pb-isotope evidence from picritic and tholeiitic lavas of the Noril'sk district, Siberian Trap. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 114 (1993) 171-188
72. Ludwig K.R. Isoplot/Ex, Version 2.49; a geochronological toolkit for microsoft excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication 1a (2001) 55 pp
73. Maier W.D. Platinum-group element (PGE) deposits and occurrences: mineralisation styles, genetic concepts, and exploration criteria. Journal of African Earth Sciences 41 (2005) 165-191
74. Maier W.D., Marsh J.S., Barnes S.-J., and Dodd D.C. The distribution of platinum group elements in the Insizwa Lobe, Mount Ayliff Complex, South Africa: implications for Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide exploration in the Karoo igneous province. Economic Geology 97 (2002) 1293-1306
75. Maier W.D., Barnes S.-J., and Marsh J.S. The concentrations of the noble metals in Southern African flood-type basalts and MORB: implications for petrogenesis and magmatic sulphide exploration. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 146 (2003) 44-61
76. Mahoney J.J., Sheth H.C., Chandrasekharam D., and Peng Z.X. Geochemistry of flood basalts of the Toranmal Section, Northern Deccan Traps, India: implications for regional Deccan stratigraphy. Journal of Petrology 41 (2000) 1099-1120
77. Marsh J.S., Hooper P.R., Rehacek J., Duncan R.A., and Duncan A.R. Stratigraphy and age of Karoo basalts of Lesotho and implications for correlations within the Karoo igneous province. In: Mahoney J.J., and Coffin M.F. (Eds). Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 100 (1997) 247-272
78. Menzies M.A. Archaean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic Lithospheres. In: Menzies M.A. (Ed). Continental Mantle (1990), Oxford University Press 67-86
79. Molzahn M., Reisberg L., and Worner G. Os, Sr, Nd, Pb, O isotope and trace element data from the Ferrar flood basalt, Antarctica: evidence for an enriched subcontinental lithospheric source. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 144 (1996) 529-546
80. Morris J.D., and Ryan J.G. Subduction zone processes and implications for changing composition of the upper and lower mantle. Treatise on Geochemistry v. 2 (2003) 451-470
81. Naldrett A.J. World-class Ni-Cu-PGE deposits: key factors in their genesis. Mineralium Deposita 34 (1999) 227-240
82. Naldratt A.J., Lightfoot P.C., Fedorenko V.A., Doherty W., and Gorbachev N.S. Geology and geochemistry of intrusions and flood basalts of the Noril'sk Region, USSR, with implications for the origin of the Ni-Cu ores. Economic Geology 87 (1992) 975-1004
83. Neal C.R., Mahoney J.J., Kroenke L.W., Duncan R.A., and Petterson M.G. The Ontong Java Plateau. In: Mahoney J.J., and Coffin M.F. (Eds). Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 100 (1997) 183-216
84. Nicholson S.W., Shirey S.B., Schulz K.J., and Green J.C. Rift-wide correlation of 1.1 Ga Midcontinent rift system basalts: implications for multiple mantle sources during rift development. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 34 (1997) 504-520
85. O'Reilly S.Y., and Griffin W.L. Mantle metasomatism beneath western Victoria, Australia, I: metasomatic processes in Cr-diopside lherzolites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52 (1988) 433-447
86. O'Reilly S.Y., and Griffin W.L. Apatite in the mantle: implications for metasomatic processes and high heat production in Phanerozoic mantle. Lithos 53 (2000) 217-232
87. Peach C.L., Mathez E.A., Keays R.R., and Reeves S.J. Experimentally determined sulfide melt - silicate melt partition coefficients for iridium and palladium. Chemical Geology 117 (1994) 361-377
88. Pearce J.A., Stern R.J., Bloomer S.H., and Fryer P. Geochemical mapping of the Mariana arc-basin system: implications for the nature and distribution of subduction components. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 6 (2005) 10.1029/2004GC000895
89. Pearson D.G. Evolution of cratonic lithospheric mantle: an isotopic perspective. In: Fei Y., Bertka C.M., and Mysen B.O. (Eds). Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High Pressure Experimentation. Geochemical Society Special Publication 6 (1999) 57-78
90. Pearson D.G., Snyder G.A., Shirey S.B., Taylor L.A., Carlson R.W., and Sobolev N.V. Archaean Re-Os age for Siberian eclogites and constraints on Archaean tectonics. Nature 374 (1995) 711-713
91. Pearson D.G., Canil D., and Shirey S.B. Mantle samples included in volcanic rocks: xenoliths and diamonds. Treatise on Geochemistry, 2 (2003) 171-276
92. Pearson D.G., Irvine G.J., Ionov D.A., Boyd F.R., and Dreibus G.E. Re-Os isotope systematics and platinum group element fractionation during mantle melt extraction: a study of massif and xenolith peridotite suites. Chemical Geology 208 (2004) 29-59
93. Pearson N.J., Alard O., Griffin W.L., Jackson S.E., and O'Reilly S.Y. In situ measurement of Re-Os isotopes in mantle sulfides by laser ablation multi-collector inductively-coupled mass spectrometry: analytical methods and preliminary results. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66 (2002) 1037-1050
94. Peate D.W. The Paraná-Etendeka Province. In: Mahoney J.J., and Coffin M.F. (Eds). Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 100 (1997) 217-245
95. Peate D.W., Hawkesworth C.J., Mantovani M.M.S., Rogers N.W., and Turner S.P. Petrogenesis and stratigraphy of the high-Ti/Y Urubici magma type in the Paraná flood basalt province and implications for the nature of 'Dupal'-type mantle in the South Atlantic region. Journal of Petrology 40 (1999) 451-473
96. Peng Z.X., and Mahoney J.J. Drillhole lavas from the northwestern Deccan Traps, and the evolution of reunion hotspot mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 134 (1995) 169-185
97. Peng Z.X., Mahoney J.J., Hooper P.R., Harric S., and Beane J.E. A role for lower continental crust in flood basalt genesis? Isotopic and incompatible element study of the lower six formations of the western Deccan Trap. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58 (1994) 267-288
98. Philipp H., Eckhardt J.-D., and Puchelt H. Platinum-group element (PGE) in basalts of the seaward-dipping reflector sequence, SE Greenland coast. Journal of Petrology 42 (2001) 407-432
99. Plank T., and Langmuir C.H. The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chemical Geology 145 (1998) 325-394
100. Poudjom Djomani Y.H., O'Reilly S.Y., Griffin W.L., Natapov L.M., Erinchek Y., and Hronsky J. Upper mantle structure beneath eastern Siberia: Evidence from gravity modeling and mantle petrology. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 4 7 (2003) 1066 10.1029/2002GC000420
101. Poudjom Djomani Y., Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., and Doyle B.J. Lithospheric domains and controls on kimberlite emplacement, Slave Province, Canada: evidence from elastic thickness and upper mantle composition. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 6, Q10006 (2005) 10.1029/2005GC000978
102. Powell W., and O'Reilly S. Metasomatism and sulfide mobility in lithospheric mantle beneath eastern Australia: implications for mantle Re-Os chronology. Lithos 94 (2007) 132-147
103. Rehkämper M., Halliday A.N., Fitton J.G., Lee D.-C., Wieneke M., and Arndt N.T. Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd in basalts and komatiites: new constraints for the geochemical behavior of the platinum-group elements in the mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63 (1999) 3915-3934
104. Reichow M.K., Saunders A.D., White R.V., Al'Mukhamedov A.I., and Medvedev A.Ya. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of basalts from the West Siberian Basin: an extension of the Permo-Triassic Siberian Traps, Russia. Lithos 79 (2005) 425-452
105. Righter K., Campbell A.J., Humayun M., and Hervig R.L. Partitioning of Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Ir, and Au between Cr-bearing spinel, olivine, pyroxene and silicate melts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68 (2004) 867-880
106. Riley T.R., Leat P.T., Curtis M.L., Millar I.L., Duncan R.A., and Fazel A. Early-Middle Jurassic Dolerite dykes from western Dronning Maud Land (Antarctica): identifying mantle sources in the Karoo large igneous province. Journal of Petrology 46 (2005) 1489-1524
107. Riley T.R., Curtis M.L., Leat P.T., Watkeys M.K., Duncan R.A., Millar I.L., and Qwens W.H. Overlap of Karoo and Ferrar magma types in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Petrology 47 (2006) 541-566
108. Roy-Barman M., Wasserburg G.J., Papanastassiou D.A., and Chaussidon M. Osmium isotopic compositions and Re-Os concentrations in sulfide globules from basaltic glasses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 154 (1998) 331-347
109. Sattari P., Brenan J.M., Horn I., and McDonough W.F. Experimental constraints on the sulfide- and chromite-silicate melt partitioning behavior of rhenium and platinum-group elements. Economic Geology 97 (2002) 385-398
110. Sheth H.C., Mahoney J.J., and Chandrasekharam D. Geochemical stratigraphy of Deccan flood basalts of the Bijasan Ghat section, Satpura Range, India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 23 (2004) 127-139
111. Shirey S.B. Re-Os isotopic compositions of Midcontinent rift system picrites: implications for plume-lithosphere interaction and enriched mantle sources. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34 (1997) 489-503
112. Shirey S.B., and Walker R.J. The Re-Os isotope system in cosmochemistry and high-temperature geochemistry. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 26 (1998) 423-500
113. Shirey S.B., Klewin K.W., Berg J.H., and Carlson R.W. Temporal changes in the sources of flood basalts: isotopic and trace element evidence from the 1100 ma old Keweenawan Mamainse Point Formation, Ontario, Canada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58 (1994) 4475-4490
114. Standish J.J., Hart S.R., Blusztajn J., Dick H.J.B., and Lee K.L. Abyssal peridotite osmium isotopic compositions from Cr-spinel. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3 (2002) 10.1029/2001GC000161
115. Stracke A., Bizimis M., and Salters V.J.M. Recycling oceanic crust: quantitative constraints. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 4 (2003) 10.1029/2001GC000223
116. Sun S.-S., and McDonough W.F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders A.D., and Norry M.J. (Eds). Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications v. 42 (1989), Blackwell Scientific Publications 313-346
117. Sun S.-S., Wallace D.A., Hoatson D.M., Gilkson A.Y., and Keays R.R. Use of geochemistry as a guide to platinum group element potential of mafic-ultramafic rocks: examples from the west Pilbara block and Halls Creek Mobile Zone, Western Australia. Precambrian Research 50 (1991) 1-33
118. Tao Y., Li C., Hu R., Ripley E.M., Du A., and Zhong H. Petrogenesis of the Pt-Pd mineralized Jinbaoshan ultramafic intrusion in the Permian Emeishan large igneous province, SW China. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 153 (2007) 321-337
119. Turner S., and Hawkesworth C.J. The nature of the sub-continental mantle: constraints from the major-element composition of continental flood basalts. Chemical Geology 120 (1995) 295-314
120. Wallace P.J., Frey F.A., Weis D., and Coffin M.F. Origin and evolution of the Kerguelen Plateau, Broken Ridge and Archipelago: editorial. Journal of Petrology 43 (2002) 1105-1108
121. Wang K.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Griffin W.L., Chung S.-L., and Pearson N.J. Proterozoic mantle lithosphere beneath the extended margin of the South China block: in situ Re-Os evidence. Geology 31 (2003) 709-712
122. Wass S.Y., and Rogers N. Mantle metasomatism by kimberlitic/carbonatitic fluids- precursor to continental alkali volcanism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 144 (1980) 1811-1823
123. Weaver B.L. The origin of oceanic island basalt end-member compositions: trace element and isotopic constraints. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 104 (1991) 381-397
124. White R.S., and McKenzie D. Mantle plume and flood basalts. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (1995) 17543-17585
125. Wooden J.L., Czamanske G.K., Bouse R.M., King B.-S.W., Knight R.J., and Siems D.F. Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57 (1993) 3677-3704
126. Zhang M., Suddaby P., Thompson R.N., Thirlwall M.F., and Menzies M.A. Potassic volcanic rocks in NE China: geochemical constrains on mantle source and magma genesis. Journal of Petrology 36 (1995) 1275-1303
127. Zheng J., Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Zhang M., Pearson N., and Pan Y. Widespread Archean basement beneath the Yangtze craton. Geology 34 (2006) 417-420
128. Zhong H., Zhu W., Qi L., Zhou M.-F., Song X.-Y., and Zhang Y. Platinum-group element (PGE) geochemistry of the Emeishan basalts in the Pan-Xi area, SW China. Chinese Science Bulletin 51 6 (2006) 1-10 6
129. Zhou M.-F., Robinson P.T., Lesher C.M., Keays R.R., Zhang C.-J., and Malpas J. Geochemistry, petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion and associated Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China. Journal of Petrology 46 (2005) 2253-2280
130. Zindler A., and Hart S.R. Chemical geodynamics. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 14 (1986) 493-571