Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd in basalts and komatiites: New constraints for the geochemical behavior of the platinum-group elements in the mantle

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

Volumn 63, Issue 22, 1999, Pages 3915-3934

  Rehkämper, Mark ^a,b   Halliday, A N ^a,c   Fitton, J G ^d   Lee, D C ^a   Wieneke, M ^e   Arndt, N T ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^c ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

^f UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASALT; GEOCHEMISTRY; KOMATIITE; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS;

EID: 0343415729     PISSN: 00167037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00219-7     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Agiorgitis G., Wolf R. Aspects of osmium, ruthenium and iridium contents in some Greek chromites. Chem. Geol. 23:1978;267-272.
2. Arndt N.T. Differentiation of komatiite flows. J. Petrol. 27:1986;279-301.
3. Arndt N.T., Nesbitt R.W. Magma mixing in komatiitic lavas from Munro Township, Ontario. Kröner A. Archean Geochemistry. 1984;99-114 Springer-Verlag.
4. Baker M.B., Stolper E.M. Determining the composition of high-pressure mantle melts using diamond aggregates. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 58:1994;2811-2827.
5. Ballhaus C. Is the upper mantle metal-saturated? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 132:1995;75-86.
6. Ballhaus C., Ryan C.G. Platinum-group elements in the Merensky reef. I. PGE in solid solution in base metal sulfides and the down-temperature equilibration history of Merensky ores. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 122:1995;241-251.
7. Ballhaus C., Ryan C.G., Mernach T.P., Green D.H. The partitioning of Fe, Ni, Cu, Pt, and Au between sulfide, metal, and fluid phases A pilot study . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 58:1994;811-826.
8. Ballhaus C. and Sylvester P. (1997) Spatial platinum-group-element distribution in magmatic sulfides: Implications for the platinum-group-element behavior during mantle melting. Seventh Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference 15-16.
9. Barnes S.-J., Naldrett A.J., Gorton M.P. The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in terrestrial magmas. Chem. Geol. 53:1985;303-323.
10. Bédard J.H. A procedure for calculating the equilibrium distribution of trace elements among minerals of cumulate rocks, and the concentration of trace elements in the coexisting liquids. Chem. Geol. 118:1994;143-153.
11. Bezmen N.I., Asif M., Brügmann G.E., Romanenko I.M., Naldrett A.J. Distribution of Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, and Au between sulfide and silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 58:1994;1251-1260.
12. 90 alloys . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 59:1995;481-485.
13. Borisov A., Palme H. Experimental determination of the solubility of platinum in silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 61:1997;4349-4357.
14. Brügmann G.E., Arndt N.T., Hofmann A.W., Tobschall H.J. Noble metal abundances in komatiite suites from Alexo, Ontario, and Gorgona Island, Columbia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 51:1987;2159-2169.
15. Brügmann G.E., Naldrett A.J., Asif M., Lightfoot P.C., Gorbachev N.S., Fedorenko V.A. Siderophile and chalcophile metals as tracers of the evolution of the Siberian Trap in the Noril'sk region, Russia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 57:1993;2001-2018.
16. Campbell I.H., Naldrett A.J. The influence of silicate sulfide ratios on the geochemistry of magmatic sulfides . Econ. Geol. 74:1979;1503-1506.
17. Capobianco C.J., Hervig R.L., Drake M.J. Experiments on crystal/liquid partitioning of Ru, Rh, and Pd for magnetite and hematite solid solutions crystallized from silicate melt. Chem. Geol. 113:1994;23-43.
18. Carroll M.R., Webster J.D. Solubilities of sulfur, noble gases, nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine in magmas. Carroll M.R., Holloway J.R. Rev. Mineral. Vol. 30:1994;231-279 Mineralogical Society of America.
19. Czamanske G.K., Moore J.G. Composition and phase chemistry of sulfide globules in basalt from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley near 37°N lat. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 88:1977;587-599.
20. Darbyshire F.A., Bjarnason I.T., White R.S., Flóvenz O.G. Crustal structure above the Iceland mantle plume imaged by the ICEMELT refraction profile. Geophys. J. Int. 135:1998;1131-1149.
21. Devey C. W. (1996) Cruise Report RV Poseidon; Cruise No. POS221. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Kiel; available at http://www.gpi.uni-kiel.de/~cwd/DeRidge/deridge.html.
22. Devey C.W., Garbe-Schönberg C.-D., Stoffers P., Chauvel C., Mertz D.F. Geochemical effects of dynamic melting beneath ridges reconciling major and trace element variations in Kolbeinsey (and global) mid-ocean ridge basalts . J. Geophys. Res. 99:1994;9077-9095.
23. Djomani Y.H.P., Diament M., Wilson M. Lithospheric structure across the Adamawa plateau (Cameroon) from gravity studies. Tectonophysics. 273:1997;317-327.
24. Fitton J.G. The Benue Trough and Cameroon Line-A migrating rift system in West Africa. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 51:1980;132-138.
25. Fitton J.G., Dunlop H.M. The Cameroon line, West Africa, and its bearing on the origin of oceanic and continental alkali basalt. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 72:1985;23-38.
26. Fitton J. G., Saunders A. D., Larson L. M., Hardarson B. S., and Norry M. J. (1998) Volcanic rocks from the southeast Greenland margin at 63°N: Composition, petrogenesis, and mantle sources. Proc. ODP, Sci. Res.152, 331-350.
27. Fleet M.E., Crocket J.H., Stone W.E. Partitioning of platinum-group elements (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd) and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 60:1996;2397-2412.
28. Fleet M.E., Tronnes R.G., Stone W.E. Partitioning of platinum-group elements in the Fe-O-S system to 11 GPa and their fractionation in the mantle and meteorites. J. Geophys. Res. 96:1991;21949-21958.
29. Forsyth D.W. Geophysical constraints on mantle flow and melt generation beneath mid-ocean ridges. Morgan J.P., Blackman D.K., Sinton J.M. Mantle flow and melt generation at mid-ocean ridges. 1992;1-65 Am. Geophys. Union.
30. Forsyth D.W., Scheirer D.S., Webb S.C., Dorman L.M., Orcutt J.A., Harding A.J., Blackman D.K., Phipps Morgan J., Detrick R.S., Shen Y., Wolfe C.J., Canales J.P., Toomey D.R., Sheehan A.F., Solomon S.C., Wilcock W.S.D. Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a mid-ocean ridge The MELT experiment . Science. 280:1998;1215-1218.
31. Frey F.A., Green D.H., Roy S.D. Integrated models of basalt petrogenesis A study of quartz tholeiites to olivine melilites from south eastern Australia utilizing geochemical and experimental petrological data . J. Petrol. 9:1978;463-513.
32. Fryer B.F., Greenough J.D. Evidence for mantle heterogeneity from platinum-group-element abundances in Indian Ocean basalts. Can. J. Earth Sci. 29:1992;2329-2340.
33. Furman T., Frey F.A., Park K.-H. Chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of mildly alkaline lavas from Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland the Eldfell (1973) and Surtsey (1963-1967) eruptions . Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 109:1991;19-37.
34. Ghiorso M.S., Sack R.O. Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes IV. A revised and internally consistent thermodynamical model for the interpolation and extrapolation of liquid-solid equilibria in magmatic systems at elevated temperatures and pressures. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 119:1995;197-212.
35. Greenough J.D., Fryer B.J. Distribution of gold, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, and iridium in Leg 115 hotspot basalts Implications for magmatic processes . Proc. ODP Sci. Res. 115:1990;71-84.
36. Halliday A.N., Lee D.-C., Christensen J.N., Rehkämper M., Yi W., Luo X., Hall C.M., Ballentine C.J., Pettke T., Stirling C. Applications of multiple collector ICPMS to cosmochemistry, geochemistry and paleoceanography. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 62:1998;919-940.
37. Halliday A.N., Lee D.-C., Tommasini S., Davies G.R., Paslick C.R., Fitton J.G., James D.E. Incompatible trace elements in OIB and MORB and source enrichment in the sub-oceanic mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 133:1995;379-395.
38. Hamlyn P.R., Keays R.R., Cameron W.E., Crawford A.J., Waldron H.M. Precious metals in magnesian low-Ti lavas Implications for metallogenesis and sulfur saturation in primary magmas . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 49:1985;1797-1811.
39. Hart S.R., Davis K.E. Nickel partitioning between olivine and silicate melt. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 40:1978;203-219.
40. Hart S.R., Dunn T. Experimental cpx/melt partitioning of 24 trace elements. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 113:1993;1-8.
41. Hart S.R., Ravizza G.E. Os partitioning between phases in lherzolite and basalt. Basu A., Hart S.R. Earth Processes Reading the Isotopic Code . 1996;123-134 AGU.
42. Hémond C., Arndt N.T., Lichtenstein U., Hofmann A.W. The heterogeneous Iceland plume Nd-Sr-O isotopes and trace element constraints . J. Geophys. Res. 98:1993;15,833-15,850.
43. Hertogen J., Janssens M.-J., Palme H. Trace elements in ocean ridge basalt glasses Implications for fractionations during mantle evolution and petrogenesis . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 44:1980;2125-2143.
44. Hofmann A.W. Chemical differentiation of the earth The relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust . Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90:1988;297-314.
45. Irving A.J. A review of experimental studies of crystal/liquid trace element partitioning. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 42:1978;743-770.
46. Jambon A. Earth degassing and large-scale geochemical cycling of volatile elements. Carroll M.R., Holloway J.R. Reviews in Mineralogy. Vol. 30:1994;479-517 Mineralogical Society of America.
47. Jochum K.P., Arndt N.T., Hofmann A.W. Nb-Th-La in komatiites and basalts Constraints on komatiite petrogenesis and mantle evolution . Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 107:1991;272-289.
48. Keays R.R. Palladium and iridium in komatiites and associated rocks Application to petrogenetic problems . Arndt N.T., Nisbet E.G. Komatiites. 1982;435-457 Allen & Unwin.
49. Keays R.R. The role of komatiitic and picritic magmatism and S-saturation in the formation of ore deposits. Lithos. 34:1995;1-18.
50. Kelemen P.B., Johnson K.T.M., Kinzler R.J., Irving A.J. High-field strength element depletions in arc basalts due to mantle-magma interaction. Nature. 345:1990;521-524.
51. Kinzler R.J. Melting of mantle peridotite at pressures approaching the spinel to garnet transition Application to mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis . J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;853-874.
52. Kinzler R.J., Grove T.L. Primary magmas of mid-ocean ridge basalts 1. Experiments and methods. J. Geophys. Res. 97:1992;6885-6906.
53. Kinzler R.J., Grove T.L. Primary magmas of mid-ocean ridge basalts 2. Application. J. Geophys. Res. 97:1992;6907-6926.
54. Klein E.M., Langmuir C.H. Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness. J. Geophys. Res. 92:1987;8089-8115.
55. Klöck W., Palme H. Partitioning of siderophile and chalcophile elements between sulfide, olivine, and glass in a naturally reduced basalt from Disko Island, Greenland. Proc. 18th Lunar. Planet. Sci. Conf. 1988;471-483.
56. Kodaira S., Mjelde R., Gunnarsson K., Shiobara H., Shimamura H. Crustal structure of the Kolbeinsey Ridge, North Atlantic, obtained by use of ocean bottom seismographs. J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;3131-3151.
57. Lee D.-C. (1994) A chemical, isotopic and geochronological study of the Cameroon Line. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Michigan.
58. Lee D.-C., Halliday A.N., Davies G.D., Essene E.J., Fitton J.G., Temdjim R. Melt enrichment of the shallow depleted mantle A detailed petrological, trace element and isotopic study of mantle-derived xenoliths and megacrysts from the Cameroon Line . J. Petrol. 37:1996;415-441.
59. Mathez E.A. Sulfur solubility and magmatic sulfides in submarine basalt glass. J. Geophys. Res. 81:1976;4269-4276.
60. McDonough W.F., Sun S.-S. The composition of the earth. Chem. Geol. 120:1995;223-253.
61. McGoldrick P.J., Keays R.R., Scott B.B. Thallium A sensitive indicator of rock/seawater interaction and of sulfur saturation of silicate melts . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 43:1979;1303-1311.
62. McKenzie D., Bickle M.J. The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere. J. Petrol. 29:1988;625-679.
63. McLaren C., De Villiers J.P.R. The platinum-group chemistry and mineralogy of the UG-2 chromitite layer of the Bushveld Complex. Econ. Geol. 77:1982;1348-1366.
64. Mitchell R.H., Keays R.R. Abundance and distribution of gold, palladium, and iridium in some spinel and garnet lherzolites Implications for the nature and origin of precious metal-rich intergranular components in the upper mantle . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 45:1981;2425-2442.
65. Morgan J.W. Ultramafic xenoliths Clues to earth's late accretionary history . J. Geophys. Res. 91:1986;12,375-12,387.
66. Nisbet E.G., Cheadle M.J., Arndt N.T., Bickle M.J. Constraining the potential temperature of the Archean mantle A review of the evidence from komatiites . Lithos. 30:1993;291-307.
67. O'Neill H.S.C. The origin of the Moon and the early history of the earth - a chemical model. Part 2, The earth. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 55:1991;1159-1172.
68. Oshin I.O., Crocket J.H. Noble metals in Thetford mines ophiolites, Quebec, Canada. Part I: Distribution of gold, iridium, platinum, and palladium in the ultramafic and gabbroic rocks . Econ. Geol. 77:1982;1556-1570.
69. Peach C.L., Mathez E.A., Keays R.R. Sulfide melt-silicate melt distribution coefficients for noble metals and other chalcophile elements as deduced from MORB Implications for partial melting . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 54:1990;3379-3389.
70. Peach C.L., Mathez E.A., Keays R.R., Reeves S.J. Experimentally determined sulfide melt-silicate melt partition coefficients for iridium and palladium. Chem. Geol. 117:1994;361-377.
71. Pearson D.G., Carlson R.W., Shirey S.B., Boyd F.R., Nixon P.H. Stabilisation of Archean lithospheric mantle A Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from the Kaapvaal craton . Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134:1995;341-357.
72. Plank T., Langmuir C.H. Effects of the melting regime on the composition of the oceanic crust. J. Geophys. Res. 97:1992;19,749-19,770.
73. Rehkämper M., Halliday A.N. Development and application of new ion-exchange techniques for the separation of the platinum group and other siderophile elements from geological samples. Talanta. 44:1997;663-672.
74. Rehkämper M., Halliday A.N. Accuracy and long-term reproducibility of lead isotopic measurements by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using an external method for the correction of mass discrimination. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 181:1998;123-133.
75. Rehkämper M., Halliday A.N., Barfod D., Fitton J.G., Dawson J.B. Platinum-group element abundance patterns in different mantle environments. Science. 278:1997;1595-1598.
76. Rehkämper M., Halliday A.N., Wentz R.F. Low-blank digestion of geological samples for platinum-group element analysis using a modified Carius-Tube design. Fres. J. Anal. Chem. 361:1998;217-219.
77. 186Os in oceanic island basalts Tracing oceanic crust recycling in the mantle . Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 129:1995;145-161.
78. Stockman H.W., Hlava P.F. Platinum group minerals in alpine chromitites from southwestern Oregon. Econ. Geol. 79:1984;491-508.
79. Tilley C.E., Thompson R.N., Wadsworth W.J., Upton B.G.J. Melting relations of some lavas of Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. Min. Mag. 38:1971;344-352.
80. Walker R.J., Hanski E., Vuollo J., Liipo J. The Os isotopic composition of Proterozoic upper mantle evidence for chondritic upper mantle from Outokumpu ophiolite, Finland . Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 141:1996;161-173.
81. 187Os-enriched plumes . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acts. 61:1997;3145-3160.
82. Walker R.J., Shirey S.B., Stecher O. Comparative Re-Os, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotope and trace element systematics for Archean komatiite flows from Munro Township, Abitibi Belt, Ontario. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 87:1988;1-12.
83. Wallace P., Carmichael I.S.E. Sulfur in basaltic magmas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 56:1992;1863-1874.
84. Wedepohl K.H. Handbook of Geochemistry. 1974;Springer-Verlag.
85. Zhou M.-F. PGE distribution in 2.7-Ga layered komatiite flows from the Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Chem. Geol. 118:1994;155-172.