Fractionation of the noble metals by physical processes

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology

Volumn 152, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 667-684

  Ballhaus, Chris ^a,b   Bockrath, Conny ^b,c   Wohlgemuth Ueberwasser, Cora ^b   Laurenz, Vera ^b   Berndt, Jasper ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^c Landesmuseum Kärnten ^*  (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FRACTIONATION; MANTLE CHEMISTRY; MANTLE PROCESS; MANTLE SOURCE; METAL; PARTIAL MELTING;

EID: 33750967612     PISSN: 00107999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00410-006-0126-z     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Ahmed A, Arai S (2002) Unexpectedly high-PGE chromitite from the deeper mantle section of the northern Oman ophiolite and its tectonic implications. Contrib Mineral Petrol 143:263-278
2. Alard O, Griffin WL, Lorand JP, Jackson SE, O'Reilly SY (2000) Non-chondritic distribution of the highly siderophile elements in mantle sulphides. Nature 407:891-894
3. Alard O, Griffin WL, Pearson NJ, Lorand J-P, O'Reilly SY (2002) New insights into the Re-Os systematics of sub-continental lithospheric mantle from in-situ analysis of sulphides. Earth Planet Sci Lett 203:651-663
4. Alard O, Luguet A, Pearson NJ, Griffin WL, Lorand JP, Gannoun A, Burton KW, O'Reilly SY (2005) In situ Os isotopes in abyssal peridotites bridge the isotopic gap between MORBs and their source mantle. Nature 436:1005-1008
5. Auge T (1985) Platinum-group mineral inclusions in ophiolitic chromitite from the Vourinos complex, Greece. Can Mineral 23:163-171
6. Ballhaus C (1993) Oxidation states of lithospheric and asthenospheric upper mantle. Contrib Mineral Petrol 114:331-348
7. Ballhaus C, Sylvester P (2000) PGE enrichment processes in the Merensky reef. J Petrol 41:545-561
8. Ballhaus C, Tredoux M, Spaeth A (2001) Phase relations in the Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE-S system at magmatic temperature and application to massive sulfide ores of the Sudbury Igneous Complex. J Petrol 42:1911-1926
9. Barnes SJ, Boyd R, Korneliussen A, Nilsson LP, Often M, Pedersen RB, Robins B (1988) The use of mantle normalization and metal ratios in discriminating between the effects of partial melting, crystal fractionation and sulphide segregation on platinum-group elements, gold, nickel, and copper: Examples from Norway. In: Prichard HM, Potts PJ, Bowles SJ, Cripp SJ (eds) Geoplatinum. Elsevier, London, pp 113-143
10. Barnes SJ, Naldrett AJ, Gorton MP (1985) The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in terrestrial magmas. Chem Geol 53:303-323
11. Bennett VC, Norman MD, Garcia MO (2000), Rhenium and platinum group element abundances correlated with mantle source components in Hawaiian picrite: Sulfides in the plume. Earth Planet Sci Lett 183:513-526
12. Bezmen NL, Asiv M, Brügmann GE, Romanenko IM, Naldrett AJ (1994) Distribution of Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, and Au between sulfide and silicate melts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:1251-1260
13. Bézos A, Lorand JP, Hummler E, Gros M (2005) Platinum-group element systematics in mid-oceanic ridge basaltic glasses from the Pacific and Indian oceans. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:2613-2627
14. Bockrath C, Ballhaus C (2002) PGE fractionation between sulfide-bearing mantle and basaltic melt during partial melting and melt segregation. In: Proceedings of the 9th international platinum symposium, abstract with program, 21-25 July 2002, Billings, Montana, pp 41-43
15. Bockrath C, Ballhaus C, Holzheid A (2004a) Fractionation of the platinum-group elements during mantle melting. Science 305:1951-1953
16. 2 and monosulfide liquid solution at magmatic temperature. Chem Geol 208:265-271
17. Borisov A, Palme H (1997) Experimental determination of the solubility of platinum in silicate melts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:4349-4357
18. Borisov A, Palme H (2000) Solubilities of noble metals in Fe-containing silicate melts as derived from experiments in Fe-free systems. Am Mineral 85:1665-1673
19. 187Os systematics of Gorgona Island komatiites: Implications for early growth of the inner core. Earth Planet Sci Lett 206:411-426
20. de Bremon d'Ars JD, Arndt NT, Hallot E (2001) Analog experimental insights into the formation of magmatic sulfide deposits. Earth Planet Sci Lett 186:371-381
21. Brenan JM (2002) Re-Os fractionation in magmatic sulfide melt by monosulfide solid solution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 199:257-268
22. Brenan JM, Caciagli NC (2000) Fe-Ni exchange between olivine and sulphide liquid: Implications for oxygen barometry in sulphide-saturated magmas. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:307-320
23. Brenan JM, McDonough WF (2005) Fractionation of highly siderophile elements (HSEs) by sulfide-silicate partitioning: A new spin. In: Abstracts of the AGU Fall Meeting V41D-1502
24. Brenan JM, McDonough WF, Ash R (2005) An experimental study of the solubility and partitioning of iridium, osmium and gold between olivine and silicate melt. Earth Planet Sci Lett 237:855-872
25. Brügmann GE, Arndt NT, Hofmann AW, Tobschall HJ (1987) Noble metal abundances in komatiite suites from Alexo, Ontario, and Gorgona-Island Colombia. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:2159-2169
26. Büchl A, Brügmann G, Batanova VG, Münker C, Hofmann AW (2002) Melt percolation monitored by Os isotopes and HSE abundances: A case study from the mantle section of the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. Earth Planet Sci Lett 204:385-402
27. Burton KW, Schiano P, Birck J-L, Allegre CJ (1999) Osmium isotope disequilibrium between mantle minerals in a spinel-lherzolite. Earth Planet Sci Lett 172:311-322
28. Burton KW, Gannoun A, Birck J-L, Allegre CJ, Schiano P, Clocchiatti R, Alard O (2002) The compatibility of rhenium and osmium in natural olivine and their behaviour during mantle melting and basalt genesis. Earth Planet Sci Lett 198:63-76
29. Capobianco CJ, Drake MJ (1990) Partitioning of ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium between spinel and silicate melt and implications for platinum group element fractionation trends. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:869-874
30. Capobianco CJ, Hervig RL, Drake MJ (1994) Experiments on crystal liquid partitioning of Ru, Rh and Pd for magnetite and hematite solid-solutions crystallized from silicate melt. Chem Geol 113:23-43
31. Crocket JH, Fleet ME, Stone WE (1997) Implications of composition for experimental partitioning of platinum-group elements and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt: The significance of nickel content. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:4139-4149
32. Doyle C, Naldrett AJ (1987) The oxygen content of sulfide magma and its effect on the partitioning of nickel between coexisting olivine and molten ores. Econ Geol 82:208-211
33. Elliot T, Spiegelman M (1993) Consequence of melt transport for uranium series disequilibrium in young lavas. Earth Planet Sci Lett 118:1-20
34. Fleet ME, Crocket JH, Stone WE (1996) Partitioning of platinum-group elements (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd) and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:2397-2412
35. Fleet ME, Stone WE, Crocket JH (1991) Partitioning of palladium, iridium, and platinum between sulfide liquid and basalt melt; effects of melt composition, concentration, and oxygen fugacity. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:2545-2554
36. Fleet ME, Chryssoulis SL, Szone WE, Weisener CG (1993) Partitioning of platinum-group elements and Au in the Fe-Ni-Cu-S system - experiments on the fractional crystallization of sulfide melt. Contrib Mineral Petr 115:36-44
37. Fleet ME, Crocket JH, Menghua Li, Stone WE (1999) Laboratory partitioning of platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold with application to magmatic sulfide-PGE deposits. Lithos 47:127-144
38. Gao S, Rudnick RL, Carlson RW, McDonough WF, Liu L-S (2002) Re-Os evidence for replacement of ancient mantle lithosphere beneath the North China craton. Earth Planet Sci Lett 198:307-322
39. Garuti G, Zaccarini F, Moloshag V, Alimov V (1999) Platinum-group minerals as indicators of sulfur fugacity in ophiolitic upper mantle: An example from chromitites of the Ray-Iz ultramafic complex, Polar Urals, Russia. Can Mineral 37:1099-1115
40. Greenough JD, Fryer BJ (1990) Distribution of gold, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, and iridium in LEG 115 hotspot basalts: Implications for magmatic processes. Proc ODP 115:71-84
41. Hamlyn PR, Keays RR (1986) Sulfur saturation and 2nd-stage melts - application to the Bushveld platinum metal deposits. Econ Geol 81:1431-1445
42. Hamlyn PR, Keays RR, Cameron WE, Crawford AJ, Waldron HM (1985) Precious metals in magnesian low-Ti lavas: Implication for metallogenesis and sulfur saturation in primitive magmas. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:1797-1811
43. Hauri EH, Hart SR (1997) Rhenium abundances and systematics in oceanic basalts. Chem Geol 139:185-205
44. Hiemstra SA (1979) The role of collectors in the formation of the platinum deposits in the Bushveld complex. Can Miner 17:469-482
45. Hofmann AW (1997) Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 385:221-229
46. Irvine GJ, Pearson DG, Kjarsgaard BA, Carlson RW, Kopylova MG, Dreibus G (2003) A Re-Os isotope and PGE study of kimberlite-derived peridotite xenoliths from Somerset Island and a comparison to the Slave and Kaapvaal cratons. Lithos 71:461-488
47. Keays RR (1995) The role of komatiitic and picritic magmatism and S-saturation in the formation of ore deposits. Lithos 34:1-18
48. Kinzler RJ, Grove TL (1992) Primary magmas of midocean ridge basalts 2. Applications. J Geophys Res 97:6907-6926
49. Korenaga J, Kelemen PB (1998) Melt migration through the oceanic lower crust: A constraint from melt percolation modeling with finite solid diffusion. Earth Planet Sci Lett 156:1-11
50. Kushiro I, Yoder HS, Mysen BO (1976) Viscosities of basalt and andesite melts at high pressures. J Geophys Res 81:6351-6356
51. Lassiter JC, Hauri EH (1998) Osmium-isotope variations in Hawaiian lavas: Evidence for recycled oceanic lithosphere in the Hawaiian plume. Earth Planet Sci Lett 164:483-496
52. Li C, Barnes SJ, Makovicky E, Rose-Hansen J, Makovicky M (1996) Partitioning of nickel, copper, iridium, rhodium, platinum and palladium between monosulfide solid solution and sulfide liquid: Effects of composition and temperature. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:1231-1238
53. Lorand JP, Alard O (2001) Platinum-group element abundances in the upper mantle: New constraints from in-situ and whole-rock analyses of Massif Central xenoliths (France). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:2789-2806
54. Lorand JP, Conquéré F (1983) Contribution à l'étude des sulfures dans les enclaves de lherzolites à spinell des basaltes alcalins (Massif Central et du Languedoc, France). Bull Minéral 106:585-606
55. Lorand J-P, Reisberg L, Bedini LM (2003) Platinum-group elements and melt percolation processes in Sidamo spinel peridotite xenoliths, Ethiopia, East African Rift. Chem Geol 196:57-75
56. Lorand J-P, Delpech G, Gréoire M, Moine B, O'Reilly SY, Cottin J-Y (2004) Platinum-group elements and the multistage metasomatic history of Kerguelen lithospheric mantle (South Indian Ocean). Chem Geol 208:195-215
57. Luguet A, Lorand J-P, Seyler M (2003) Sulfide petrology and highly siderophile element geochemistry of absyssal peridotites: A coupled study of samples from the Kane fracture zone (45°W 23°20N, MARK Area, Atlantic Ocean). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:1553-1570
58. Mathez EA (1976) Sulfur solubility and magmatic sulfides in submarine basalt glass. J Geophys Res 81:4269-4276
59. Matveev S, Ballhaus C (2002) Role of water in the origin of podiform chromitite deposits. Earth Planet Sci Lett 203:235-243
60. Mavrogenes J, O'Neill HStC (1999) The relative effects of pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity on the solubility of sulfide in mafic magmas. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:1173-1180
61. Meibom A, Frei R, Sleep NH (2004) Osmium isotopic compositions of Os-rich platinum group element alloys from the Klamath and Siskiyou mountains. J Geophys Res 109:B02203
62. Meisel T, Moser J (2004) Reference materials for geochemical PGE analysis: New analytical data for Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Re by isotope dilution ICP-MS in 11 geological reference materials. Chem Geol 208:319-338
63. Mitchell RH, Keays RR (1981) Abundance and distribution of gold, palladium and iridium in some spinel and garnet lherzolites - implications for the nature and origin of precious metal-rich intergranular components in the upper mantle. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45:2425-2442
64. Mungall JE, Su S (2005) Interfacial tension between magmatic sulfide and silicate liquidus: Constraints on kinetics of sulfide liquation and sulfide migration through silicate rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 234:135-149
65. Mungall JE, Andrews DRA, Cabri LJ, Sylvester PJ, Tubrett M (2005) Partitioning of Cu, Ni, Au, and platinum-group elements between monosulfide solid solution and sulfide melt under controlled oxygen and sulfur fugacities. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:4349-4360
66. O'Hara MJ, Fry N, Prichard HM (2001) Minor phases as carriers of trace elements in non-modal crystal-liquid separation processes II: illustrations and bearing on behaviour of REE, U, Th and the PGE in igneous processes. J Petrol 42:1887-1910
67. O'Neill HStC, Mavrogenes JA (2002) The sulfide capacity and the sulfur content at sulfide saturation of silicate melts at 1400 degrees C and 1 bar. J Petrol 43:1049-1087
68. Onuma K, Tohara T (1983) Effect of chromium on phase relations in the join forsterite-anorthite-diopside in air at 1-atm. Contrib Mineral Petrol 84:174-181
69. Palme H, O'Neill HStC (2003) In: Carlson RW (ed) Treatise of geochemistry, vol 2. The Mantle and Core, Elsevier Amsterdam, pp1-38
70. Peach CL, Mathez EA (1990) Sulfide melt silicate melt distribution coefficients for nickel and iron and implications for the distribution of other chalcophile elements. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:3013-3021
71. Peach CL, Mathez EA, Keays RR (1990) Sulfide melt - silicate melt distribution coefficients for noble metals and other chalcophile elements as deduced from MORB: Implications for partial melting. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:3379-3389
72. Peach CL, Mathez EA, Keays RR, Reeves SJ (1994) Experimentally determined sulfide melt-silicate melt partition coefficients for iridium and palladium. Chem Geol 117:361-377
73. Pearson DG, Irvine GJ, Ionov DA, Boyd FR, Dreibus GE (2004) Re-Os isotope systematics and platinum group element fractionation during mantle melt extraction: A study of massif and xenolith peridotite suites. Chem Geol 208:29-59
74. Philipp H, Eckhardt JD, Puchelt H (2001) Platinum-group elements (PGE) in basalts of the seaward dipping reflector sequence, SE Greenland coast. J Petrol 42:407-432
75. Puchtel I, Humayun M (2000) Platinum group elements in Kostomuksha komatiites and basalts: Implications for oceanic crust recycling and core-mantle interaction. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:4227-4242
76. Rehkämper M, Halliday AN, Fitton JG, Lee D-C, Wieneke M, Arndt NT (1999) Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd in basalts and komatiites: New constraints for the geochemical behavior of the platinum-group elements in the mantle. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:3915-3934
77. Reisberg L, Zindler A, Marcantonio F, White W, Wyman D, Weaver B (1993) Os isotope systematics in ocean island basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 120:149-167
78. Righter K, Campbell AJ, Humayun M, Hervig RL (2004) Partitioning of Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Ir, and Au between Cr-bearing spinel, olivine, pyroxene and silicate melt. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:867-880
79. Rohrbach A, Schuth S, Ballhaus C, Münker C, Matveev S, Qopoto C (2005) Petrological constraints on the origin of arc picrites, New Georgia Group, Solomon Islands. Contrib Mineral Petrol 149:685-698
80. Rubin KH, van der Zander I, Smith MC, Bergmanis EC (2005) Minimum speed limit for ocean ridge magmatism from Pb-210-Ra-226-Th-230 disequilibria. Nature 437:534-538
81. Ryzhenko B, Kennedy GC (1973) Effect of pressure on eutectic in system Fe-FeS. Am J Sci 273:803-810
82. Sattari P, Brenan JM, Horn I, McDonough WF (2002) Experimental constraints on the sulfide-silicate and chromite-silicate melt partitioning behavior of rhenium and platinum-group elements. Econ Geol 97:385-398
83. Schubert G, Turcotte DL, Olson P (2001) Mantle convection in the earth and planets. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 940p
84. Sobolev AV, Hofmann AW, Nikogosian IK (2000) Recycled oceanic crust observed in ghost plagioclase within the source of Mauna Loa lavas. Nature 404:986-990
85. Sobolev AV, Hofmann AW, Sobolev SV, Nikogosian IK (2005) An olivine-free mantle source of Hawaiian shield basalts. Nature 434:590-597
86. Stone WE, Crocket JH, Fleet ME (1990) Partitioning of palladium, iridium, platinum, and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt at 1200 degrees C. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:2341-2344
87. Tredoux M, Lindsey NM, Davies G, McDonald I (1995) The fractionation of platinum group elements in magmatic systems, with the suggestion of a novel causal mechanism. South Afr J Geol 98:157-167
88. Turner S, Hawkesworth C, van Calsteren P, Heath E, Macdonald R, Black S (1996) U-series isotopes and descructive plate margin magma genesis in the Lesser Antilles. Earth Planet Sci Lett 142:191-207
89. Wedepohl KH (1974) Copper. In: Wedepohl KH (ed) Handbook of geochemistry, vol 2, part 3. Springer, Berlin Heidelburg New York
90. Widom E, Shirey SB (1996) Os isotopic systematics in the azozes: implications for mantle plume sources. Earth Planet Sci Lett 142:451-465
91. Woodhead SJ, Pearson DG, Thirlwall MF (2002) A platinum group element and Re-Os isotope investigation of siderophile element recycling in subduction zones: Comparison of Grenada, Lesser Antilles arc, and the Izo-Bonin arc. J Petrol 43:171-198