메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 2-4, 2003, Pages 215-241

The evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath the Kalahari Craton and its margins

Author keywords

Cr pyrope garnets; Kaapvaal Craton; Kalahari Craton; Kimberlites; Lithospheric mantle; Seismic tomography

Indexed keywords


EID: 84999142369     PISSN: 00244937     EISSN: 18726143     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2003.07.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (246)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 0001407712 scopus 로고
    • Rubidium–strontium ages from the western Transvaal
    • Allsopp, H.L., Rubidium–strontium ages from the western Transvaal. Nature 204 (1964), 361–363.
    • (1964) Nature , vol.204 , pp. 361-363
    • Allsopp, H.L.1
  • 2
    • 0025523424 scopus 로고
    • Thrusting, folding and stratigraphy of the Ghaap Group along the south-western margin of the Kaapvaal Craton
    • Altermann, W., Hälbich, I.W.H., Thrusting, folding and stratigraphy of the Ghaap Group along the south-western margin of the Kaapvaal Craton. S. Afr. J. Geol. 93 (1990), 553–567.
    • (1990) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.93 , pp. 553-567
    • Altermann, W.1    Hälbich, I.W.H.2
  • 3
    • 0033497927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaean crustal evolution of the central Kaapvaal craton, South Africa: evidence from the Johannesburg Dome
    • Anhaeusser, C.R., Archaean crustal evolution of the central Kaapvaal craton, South Africa: evidence from the Johannesburg Dome. S. Afr. J. Geol. 102 (1999), 303–322.
    • (1999) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.102 , pp. 303-322
    • Anhaeusser, C.R.1
  • 4
    • 0020124958 scopus 로고
    • An interpretation of U–Pb zircon age for Archaean tonalite gneisses from the Johannesburg–Pretoria granite dome
    • Anhaeusser, C.R., Burger, A.J., An interpretation of U–Pb zircon age for Archaean tonalite gneisses from the Johannesburg–Pretoria granite dome. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 85 (1982), 111–116.
    • (1982) Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. , vol.85 , pp. 111-116
    • Anhaeusser, C.R.1    Burger, A.J.2
  • 5
    • 0003777725 scopus 로고
    • Geochronological studies on Archaean and Proterozoic formations of the foreland of the Namaqua front and possible correlates on the Kaapvaal Craton
    • PhD Thesis, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg. 274 pp.
    • Armstrong, R.A., 1987. Geochronological studies on Archaean and Proterozoic formations of the foreland of the Namaqua front and possible correlates on the Kaapvaal Craton. PhD Thesis, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg. 274 pp.
    • (1987)
    • Armstrong, R.A.1
  • 7
    • 0001056115 scopus 로고
    • Reconnaissance isotopic investigations in the Namaqua Mobile Belt and implications for Protrozoic crustal evolution—Upington Geotraverse
    • B.J.V. Botha Johannesburg
    • Barton, E.S., Burger, A.J., Reconnaissance isotopic investigations in the Namaqua Mobile Belt and implications for Protrozoic crustal evolution—Upington Geotraverse. Botha, B.J.V., (eds.) Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., vol. 10, 1983, Johannesburg, 173–191.
    • (1983) Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. , vol.10 , pp. 173-191
    • Barton, E.S.1    Burger, A.J.2
  • 8
    • 84982757727 scopus 로고
    • The tectonic development of the Limpopo mobile belt and the evolution of the cratons of southern Africa
    • A. Kröner Elsevier Amsterdam
    • Barton, E.S., Key, R.M., The tectonic development of the Limpopo mobile belt and the evolution of the cratons of southern Africa. Kröner, A., (eds.) Precambrian Plate Tectonics, 1981, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 21–185.
    • (1981) Precambrian Plate Tectonics , pp. 21-185
    • Barton, E.S.1    Key, R.M.2
  • 9
    • 0022926105 scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of total-rock Pb–Pb dating of metamorphosed banded iron-formation: the Marydale Group, South Africa
    • Barton, E.S., Armstrong, R.A., Cornell, D.H., Welke, H.I., Feasibility of total-rock Pb–Pb dating of metamorphosed banded iron-formation: the Marydale Group, South Africa. Chem. Geol. 59 (1986), 255–271.
    • (1986) Chem. Geol. , vol.59 , pp. 255-271
    • Barton, E.S.1    Armstrong, R.A.2    Cornell, D.H.3    Welke, H.I.4
  • 10
    • 84879880751 scopus 로고
    • Discrete metamorphic events in the Limpopo belt, southern Africa: implications for application of P–T paths in complex metamorphic terrains
    • Barton, J.M., Holzer, L., Kamber, B., Discrete metamorphic events in the Limpopo belt, southern Africa: implications for application of P–T paths in complex metamorphic terrains. Geology 22 (1994), 1035–1038.
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Barton, J.M.1    Holzer, L.2    Kamber, B.3
  • 11
    • 84879880751 scopus 로고
    • Discrete metamorphic events in the Limpopo belt, Southern Africa: implications for the application of P–T path in complex metamorphic terrains
    • Barton, J.M. Jr., Holzer, L., Kamber, B., Doig, R., Kramers, J.D., Nyfeler, Discrete metamorphic events in the Limpopo belt, Southern Africa: implications for the application of P–T path in complex metamorphic terrains. Geology 22 (1994), 1035–1038.
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Barton, J.M.1    Holzer, L.2    Kamber, B.3    Doig, R.4    Kramers, J.D.5    Nyfeler6
  • 12
    • 0000547236 scopus 로고
    • New evidence for thrust faulting in Griqualand West, South Africa: implication for stratigraphy and the age of the red beds
    • Beukes, N.J., Smit, C.A., New evidence for thrust faulting in Griqualand West, South Africa: implication for stratigraphy and the age of the red beds. S. Afr. J. Geol. 90 (1987), 378–394.
    • (1987) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.90 , pp. 378-394
    • Beukes, N.J.1    Smit, C.A.2
  • 14
    • 0000115390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Kaapvaal Craton
    • M.J. de Wit L.D. Ashwal Clarendon Press Oxford
    • Brandl, G., de Wit, M.J., The Kaapvaal Craton. de Wit, M.J., Ashwal, L.D., (eds.) Greenstone Belts, 1997, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 581–607.
    • (1997) Greenstone Belts , pp. 581-607
    • Brandl, G.1    de Wit, M.J.2
  • 15
    • 0001641817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kimberlites, accelerated erosion and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Kaapvaal craton during the mid-Cretaceous
    • University of Cape Town Cape town
    • Brown, R., Gallagher, K., Griffin, W.L., de Wit, M., Belton, D., Harman, R., Kimberlites, accelerated erosion and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Kaapvaal craton during the mid-Cretaceous. Extended Abstracts of the 7th International Kimberlite Conference, 1998, University of Cape Town, Cape town, 105–107.
    • (1998) Extended Abstracts of the 7th International Kimberlite Conference , pp. 105-107
    • Brown, R.1    Gallagher, K.2    Griffin, W.L.3    de Wit, M.4    Belton, D.5    Harman, R.6
  • 16
    • 84990750578 scopus 로고
    • The Geochronology and Evolution of Africa
    • Clarendon Press Oxford 184 pp.
    • Cahen, L., Snelling, N.J., Delhal, J., Vail, J.R., The Geochronology and Evolution of Africa. 1984, Clarendon Press, Oxford 184 pp.
    • (1984)
    • Cahen, L.1    Snelling, N.J.2    Delhal, J.3    Vail, J.R.4
  • 17
    • 0028583363 scopus 로고
    • An experimental calibration of the “Nickel in Garnet” geothermometer with applications
    • Canil, D., An experimental calibration of the “Nickel in Garnet” geothermometer with applications. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 117 (1994), 410–420.
    • (1994) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.117 , pp. 410-420
    • Canil, D.1
  • 19
    • 0035104712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex
    • Cawthorn, R.G., Webb, S.J., Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex. Tectonophysics 330 (2001), 195–209.
    • (2001) Tectonophysics , vol.330 , pp. 195-209
    • Cawthorn, R.G.1    Webb, S.J.2
  • 20
    • 0032845780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re–Os systematics of mantle xenoliths from the East African Rift: age, structure, and history of the Tanzanian craton
    • Chesley, J.T., Rudnick, R.L., Lee, C.-T., Re–Os systematics of mantle xenoliths from the East African Rift: age, structure, and history of the Tanzanian craton. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63:7/8 (1999), 1203–1217.
    • (1999) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.63 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 1203-1217
    • Chesley, J.T.1    Rudnick, R.L.2    Lee, C.-T.3
  • 21
    • 0031835876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronology of the Proterozoic Hartley Basalt Formation, South Africa: constraints on the Kheis tectogenesis and the Kaapvaal Craton's earliest Wilson Cycle
    • Cornell, D.H., Armstrong, R.A., Walraven, F., Geochronology of the Proterozoic Hartley Basalt Formation, South Africa: constraints on the Kheis tectogenesis and the Kaapvaal Craton's earliest Wilson Cycle. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 26 (1998), 5–27.
    • (1998) J. Afr. Earth Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 5-27
    • Cornell, D.H.1    Armstrong, R.A.2    Walraven, F.3
  • 22
    • 0025227698 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the Vredefort structure and the Witwatersrand basin within the tectonic framework of the Kaapvaal Craton as interpreted from regional gravity and aeromagnetic data
    • Corner, B., Durrheim, R.J., Nicolaysen, L.O., Relationship between the Vredefort structure and the Witwatersrand basin within the tectonic framework of the Kaapvaal Craton as interpreted from regional gravity and aeromagnetic data. Tectonophysics 171 (1990), 49–61.
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.171 , pp. 49-61
    • Corner, B.1    Durrheim, R.J.2    Nicolaysen, L.O.3
  • 23
    • 0001325972 scopus 로고
    • Mineral and bulk chemistry of garnet lherzolite and garnet harzburgite xenoliths from the Premier Mine, South Africa
    • F.R. Boyd H.O.A. Meyer American Geophysical Union Washington, DC
    • Danchin, R.V., Mineral and bulk chemistry of garnet lherzolite and garnet harzburgite xenoliths from the Premier Mine, South Africa. Boyd, F.R., Meyer, H.O.A., (eds.) The Mantle Sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics, 1979, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 104–126.
    • (1979) The Mantle Sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics , pp. 104-126
    • Danchin, R.V.1
  • 24
    • 0026480370 scopus 로고
    • The deep structure of the Limpopo Belt from geophysical studies
    • de Beer, J.H., Stettler, E.H., The deep structure of the Limpopo Belt from geophysical studies. Precambrian Res. 55 (1992), 173–186.
    • (1992) Precambrian Res. , vol.55 , pp. 173-186
    • de Beer, J.H.1    Stettler, E.H.2
  • 25
    • 0028574894 scopus 로고
    • The tectonothermal evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: 490 million years of crustal evolution
    • de Ronde, C.E.J., de Wit, M.J., The tectonothermal evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: 490 million years of crustal evolution. Tectonics 13 (1994), 983–1005.
    • (1994) Tectonics , vol.13 , pp. 983-1005
    • de Ronde, C.E.J.1    de Wit, M.J.2
  • 26
    • 0032144744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Archean granites, greenstones, cratons and tectonics: does the evidence demand a verdict?
    • de Wit, M.J., On Archean granites, greenstones, cratons and tectonics: does the evidence demand a verdict?. Precambrian Res. 91 (1998), 181–224.
    • (1998) Precambrian Res. , vol.91 , pp. 181-224
    • de Wit, M.J.1
  • 28
    • 0025628090 scopus 로고
    • The nature of the Archaean basement in the hinterland of the Witwatersrand basin: II. A crustal profile west of the Welkom goldfield and comparisons with the Vredefort crustal profile
    • Drennan, G.R., Robb, L.J., Meyer, F.M., Armstrong, R.A., de Bruin, H., The nature of the Archaean basement in the hinterland of the Witwatersrand basin: II. A crustal profile west of the Welkom goldfield and comparisons with the Vredefort crustal profile. S. Afr. J. Geol. 93 (1990), 41–53.
    • (1990) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.93 , pp. 41-53
    • Drennan, G.R.1    Robb, L.J.2    Meyer, F.M.3    Armstrong, R.A.4    de Bruin, H.5
  • 30
    • 0023469399 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for mantle metasomatism in peridotite nodules from the Kimberley pipes, South Africa
    • M.A. Menzies C.J. Hawkesworth Academic Press London
    • Erlank, A.J., Waters, F.G., Hawkesworth, C.J., Haggerty, S.E., Allsopp, H.L., Rickard, R.S., Menzies, M.A., Evidence for mantle metasomatism in peridotite nodules from the Kimberley pipes, South Africa. Menzies, M.A., Hawkesworth, C.J., (eds.) Mantle Metasomatism, 1987, Academic Press, London, 221–311.
    • (1987) Mantle Metasomatism , pp. 221-311
    • Erlank, A.J.1    Waters, F.G.2    Hawkesworth, C.J.3    Haggerty, S.E.4    Allsopp, H.L.5    Rickard, R.S.6    Menzies, M.A.7
  • 31
    • 0023490303 scopus 로고
    • Thermobarometry for garnet peridotite xenoliths: a basis for mantle stratigraphy
    • P.H. Nixon Wiley New York
    • Finnerty, A.A., Boyd, F.R., Thermobarometry for garnet peridotite xenoliths: a basis for mantle stratigraphy. Nixon, P.H., (eds.) Mantle Xenoliths, 1987, Wiley, New York, 381–402.
    • (1987) Mantle Xenoliths , pp. 381-402
    • Finnerty, A.A.1    Boyd, F.R.2
  • 32
    • 0033102479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronology of the late Archean Razi and Chilimanzi suites of granites in Zimbabwe: implications for the late Archean tectonics of the Limpopo belt and Zimbabwe craton
    • Frei, R., Blenkinsop, T.G., Shönberg, R., Geochronology of the late Archean Razi and Chilimanzi suites of granites in Zimbabwe: implications for the late Archean tectonics of the Limpopo belt and Zimbabwe craton. S. Afr. J. Geol. 102 (1999), 55–63.
    • (1999) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.102 , pp. 55-63
    • Frei, R.1    Blenkinsop, T.G.2    Shönberg, R.3
  • 34
    • 0004228014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precambrian Geology
    • Academic Press London 327 pp.
    • Goodwin, A.M., Precambrian Geology. 1996, Academic Press, London 327 pp.
    • (1996)
    • Goodwin, A.M.1
  • 35
    • 0028975777 scopus 로고
    • Trace elements in indicator minerals: area selection and target evaluation in diamond exploration
    • Griffin, W.L., Ryan, C.G., Trace elements in indicator minerals: area selection and target evaluation in diamond exploration. J. Geochem. Explor. 53 (1995), 311–337.
    • (1995) J. Geochem. Explor. , vol.53 , pp. 311-337
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Ryan, C.G.2
  • 36
    • 0006919063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “An experimental calibration of the “Nickel in Garnet” geothermometer, with applications” by D. Canil: discussion
    • Griffin, W.L., Ryan, C.G., “An experimental calibration of the “Nickel in Garnet” geothermometer, with applications” by D. Canil: discussion. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 124 (1996), 216–218.
    • (1996) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.124 , pp. 216-218
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Ryan, C.G.2
  • 37
    • 0001809470 scopus 로고
    • Variations in trapping temperatures and trace elements in peridotite-suite inclusions from African diamonds: evidence for two inclusion suites, and implications for lithosphere stratigraphy
    • Griffin, W.L., Gurney, J.J., Ryan, C.G., Variations in trapping temperatures and trace elements in peridotite-suite inclusions from African diamonds: evidence for two inclusion suites, and implications for lithosphere stratigraphy. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 110 (1992), 1–15.
    • (1992) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.110 , pp. 1-15
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Gurney, J.J.2    Ryan, C.G.3
  • 39
    • 0002723847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular variation in the composition of subcontinental lithospheric mantle
    • J. Braun J.C. Dooley B.R. Goleby R.D. van der Hilst C.T. Klootwijk American Geopyhysical Union Washington, DC
    • Griffin, W.L., O'Reilly, S.Y., Ryan, C.G., Gaul, O., Ionov, D., Secular variation in the composition of subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Braun, J., Dooley, J.C., Goleby, B.R., van der Hilst, R.D., Klootwijk, C.T., (eds.) Structure and Evolution of the Australian Continent, Geodynamics, vol. 26, 1998, American Geopyhysical Union, Washington, DC, 1–26.
    • (1998) Structure and Evolution of the Australian Continent, Geodynamics , vol.26 , pp. 1-26
    • Griffin, W.L.1    O'Reilly, S.Y.2    Ryan, C.G.3    Gaul, O.4    Ionov, D.5
  • 43
    • 0032864517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cr-pyrope garnets in the lithospheric mantle: I. Compositional systematics and relations to tectonic setting
    • Griffin, W.L., Fisher, N.I., Friedman, J.H., Ryan, C.G., O'Reilly, S.Y., Cr-pyrope garnets in the lithospheric mantle: I. Compositional systematics and relations to tectonic setting. J. Petrol. 40 (1999), 679–704.
    • (1999) J. Petrol. , vol.40 , pp. 679-704
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Fisher, N.I.2    Friedman, J.H.3    Ryan, C.G.4    O'Reilly, S.Y.5
  • 45
    • 24044491321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harzburgite to lherzolite and back again: metasomatic processes in ultramafic xenoliths from the Wesselton kimberlite, Kimberley, South Africa
    • Griffin, W.L., Shee, S.R., Ryan, C.G., Win, T.T., Wyatt, B.A., Harzburgite to lherzolite and back again: metasomatic processes in ultramafic xenoliths from the Wesselton kimberlite, Kimberley, South Africa. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 134 (1999), 232–250.
    • (1999) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.134 , pp. 232-250
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Shee, S.R.2    Ryan, C.G.3    Win, T.T.4    Wyatt, B.A.5
  • 47
    • 1842863555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cr-pyrope garnets in the lithospheric mantle: II. Compositional populations and their distribution in time and space
    • Griffin, W.L., Fisher, N.I., Friedman, J.H., O'Reilly, S.Y., Ryan, C.G., Cr-pyrope garnets in the lithospheric mantle: II. Compositional populations and their distribution in time and space. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3, 2002.
    • (2002) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.3
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Fisher, N.I.2    Friedman, J.H.3    O'Reilly, S.Y.4    Ryan, C.G.5
  • 48
    • 0141700643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-situ Re–Os analysis of sulfide inclusions in kimberlitic olivine: new constraints on depletion events in the Siberian lithospheric mantle
    • Griffin, W.L., Spetsius, Z., Pearson, N.J., O'Reilly, S.Y., In-situ Re–Os analysis of sulfide inclusions in kimberlitic olivine: new constraints on depletion events in the Siberian lithospheric mantle. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3, 2002, 1069.
    • (2002) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.3 , pp. 1069
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Spetsius, Z.2    Pearson, N.J.3    O'Reilly, S.Y.4
  • 49
    • 0021569695 scopus 로고
    • A correlation between garnets and diamonds
    • J.E. Glover P.G. Harris Geol. Dept. Univ. Ext., Univ. Western Austr. Publ Perth
    • Gurney, J.J., A correlation between garnets and diamonds. Glover, J.E., Harris, P.G., (eds.) Kimberlite Occurrence and Origins: A Basis for Conceptual Models in Exploration, vol. 8, 1984, Geol. Dept. Univ. Ext., Univ. Western Austr. Publ, Perth, 143–166.
    • (1984) Kimberlite Occurrence and Origins: A Basis for Conceptual Models in Exploration , vol.8 , pp. 143-166
    • Gurney, J.J.1
  • 52
    • 0022268819 scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic crustal evolution in southwestern Africa
    • Hartnady, C.H., Joubert, P., Stowe, C., Proterozoic crustal evolution in southwestern Africa. Episodes 8 (1985), 236–243.
    • (1985) Episodes , vol.8 , pp. 236-243
    • Hartnady, C.H.1    Joubert, P.2    Stowe, C.3
  • 53
    • 0025629717 scopus 로고
    • Mantle metasomatism: isotope and trace-element trends in xenoliths from Kimberley, South Africa
    • Hawkesworth, C.J., Erlank, A.J., Kempton, P.D., Waters, F.G., Mantle metasomatism: isotope and trace-element trends in xenoliths from Kimberley, South Africa. Chem. Geol. 85 (1983), 19–34.
    • (1983) Chem. Geol. , vol.85 , pp. 19-34
    • Hawkesworth, C.J.1    Erlank, A.J.2    Kempton, P.D.3    Waters, F.G.4
  • 54
    • 84999117088 scopus 로고
    • Age constraints on crustal and mantle lithosphere beneath the Gibeon kimberlite field, Namibia
    • Hoal, B.G., Hoal, K.E.O., Boyd, F.R., Pearson, D.G., Age constraints on crustal and mantle lithosphere beneath the Gibeon kimberlite field, Namibia. S. Afr. J. Geol. 85 (1995), 19–34.
    • (1995) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.85 , pp. 19-34
    • Hoal, B.G.1    Hoal, K.E.O.2    Boyd, F.R.3    Pearson, D.G.4
  • 55
    • 0035391198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric mantle evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton: a Re–Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from Lesotho kimberlites
    • Irvine, G.J., Pearson, D.G., Carlson, R.W., Lithospheric mantle evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton: a Re–Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from Lesotho kimberlites. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (2001), 2505–2508.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 2505-2508
    • Irvine, G.J.1    Pearson, D.G.2    Carlson, R.W.3
  • 58
    • 0028315657 scopus 로고
    • Geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt
    • Kamo, S.L., Davies, D.W., Geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt. Tectonics 13 (1994), 167–192.
    • (1994) Tectonics , vol.13 , pp. 167-192
    • Kamo, S.L.1    Davies, D.W.2
  • 59
    • 0029503554 scopus 로고
    • New evidence for Neoarcheaean hydrothermally altered granites in south-central Botswana
    • Kamo, S.L., Key, R.M., Daniels, L.R.M., New evidence for Neoarcheaean hydrothermally altered granites in south-central Botswana. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 152 (1995), 747–750.
    • (1995) J. Geol. Soc. Lond. , vol.152 , pp. 747-750
    • Kamo, S.L.1    Key, R.M.2    Daniels, L.R.M.3
  • 60
    • 0034210399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1998 edition of the National Geological Map of Botswana
    • Key, R.M., Ayres, N., The 1998 edition of the National Geological Map of Botswana. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 30 (2000), 427–451.
    • (2000) J. Afr. Earth Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 427-451
    • Key, R.M.1    Ayres, N.2
  • 61
    • 0000589567 scopus 로고
    • Archean mantle xenocrysts in a Permian kimberlite: two generations of kimberlitic zircon in Jwaneng DK2, southern Botswana
    • Kinney, P.D., Compston, W., Bristow, J.W., Williams, I.S., Archean mantle xenocrysts in a Permian kimberlite: two generations of kimberlitic zircon in Jwaneng DK2, southern Botswana. Geol. Soc. Austr. Spec. Publ. 14 (1989), 833–842.
    • (1989) Geol. Soc. Austr. Spec. Publ. , vol.14 , pp. 833-842
    • Kinney, P.D.1    Compston, W.2    Bristow, J.W.3    Williams, I.S.4
  • 62
    • 0028259547 scopus 로고
    • Gneiss–greenstone relationships in the Archean Gneiss Complex of south-western Swaziland, southern Africa and implications for early crustal evolution
    • Kröner, A., Tegtmeyer, A., Gneiss–greenstone relationships in the Archean Gneiss Complex of south-western Swaziland, southern Africa and implications for early crustal evolution. Precambrian Res. 67 (1994), 63–71.
    • (1994) Precambrian Res. , vol.67 , pp. 63-71
    • Kröner, A.1    Tegtmeyer, A.2
  • 63
    • 0031961280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic setting and terrane accretion of the Archean Zimbabwe craton
    • Kusky, T.M., Tectonic setting and terrane accretion of the Archean Zimbabwe craton. Geology 2 (1998), 153–156.
    • (1998) Geology , vol.2 , pp. 153-156
    • Kusky, T.M.1
  • 65
    • 0002419220 scopus 로고
    • Eastern or Natal sector of the Namaqua–Natal mobile belt in Southern Africa
    • D.R. Hantner Elsevier Amsterdam
    • Matthews, P.E., Eastern or Natal sector of the Namaqua–Natal mobile belt in Southern Africa. Hantner, D.R., (eds.) Precambrian of the Southern Hemisphere, 1981, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 705–715.
    • (1981) Precambrian of the Southern Hemisphere , pp. 705-715
    • Matthews, P.E.1
  • 66
    • 0032440529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of granites from the central Zone, Limpopo belt, southern Africa: implications for the age of Limpopo Orogeny
    • McCourt, S., Armstrong, R.A., SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of granites from the central Zone, Limpopo belt, southern Africa: implications for the age of Limpopo Orogeny. S. Afr. J. Geol. 101 (1998), 329–338.
    • (1998) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.101 , pp. 329-338
    • McCourt, S.1    Armstrong, R.A.2
  • 67
    • 0026472351 scopus 로고
    • Shear zones of Limpopo Belt and adjacent granitoid–greenstone terranes: implications for the late Archaean collision tectonics in southern Africa
    • McCourt, S., Vearncombe, J.R., Shear zones of Limpopo Belt and adjacent granitoid–greenstone terranes: implications for the late Archaean collision tectonics in southern Africa. Precambrian Res. 55 (1992), 553–570.
    • (1992) Precambrian Res. , vol.55 , pp. 553-570
    • McCourt, S.1    Vearncombe, J.R.2
  • 68
    • 0033102417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Kheis Tectonic Subprovince, southern Africa: a lithostratigraphic perspective
    • Moen, H.F.G., The Kheis Tectonic Subprovince, southern Africa: a lithostratigraphic perspective. S. Afr. J. Geol. 102 (1999), 27–42.
    • (1999) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.102 , pp. 27-42
    • Moen, H.F.G.1
  • 69
    • 0008605174 scopus 로고
    • The development of advanced technology to distinguish between diamondiferous and barren diatremes
    • Geological Survey of Canada Open File Report 2124, 4 volumes.
    • Moore, R.O., Gurney, J.J., Fipke, C.E., 1989. The development of advanced technology to distinguish between diamondiferous and barren diatremes. Geological Survey of Canada Open File Report 2124, 4 volumes.
    • (1989)
    • Moore, R.O.1    Gurney, J.J.2    Fipke, C.E.3
  • 70
    • 0032072961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of trace element abundances in glasses and minerals: a comparison of laser ablation ICPMS, solution ICPMS, proton microprobe, and electron microprobe data
    • Norman, M.D., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., Garcia, M.O., O'Reilly, S.Y., Quantitative analysis of trace element abundances in glasses and minerals: a comparison of laser ablation ICPMS, solution ICPMS, proton microprobe, and electron microprobe data. J. Anal. At. Spectrosc. 13 (1998), 477–482.
    • (1998) J. Anal. At. Spectrosc. , vol.13 , pp. 477-482
    • Norman, M.D.1    Griffin, W.L.2    Pearson, N.J.3    Garcia, M.O.4    O'Reilly, S.Y.5
  • 71
    • 0030424138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-D lithospheric mapping: a review of the methodology with examples
    • O'Reilly, S.Y., Griffin, W.L., 4-D lithospheric mapping: a review of the methodology with examples. Tectonophysics 262 (1996), 3–18.
    • (1996) Tectonophysics , vol.262 , pp. 3-18
    • O'Reilly, S.Y.1    Griffin, W.L.2
  • 72
    • 0035718673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are lithospheres forever? Tracking changes in subcontinental lithspheric mantle through time
    • O'Reilly, S.Y., Griffin, W.L., Poudjom Djomani, Y., Morgan, P., Are lithospheres forever? Tracking changes in subcontinental lithspheric mantle through time. GSA Today 11 (2001), 4–9.
    • (2001) GSA Today , vol.11 , pp. 4-9
    • O'Reilly, S.Y.1    Griffin, W.L.2    Poudjom Djomani, Y.3    Morgan, P.4
  • 73
    • 0004250534 scopus 로고
    • Regional Geology of Africa
    • Springer-Verlag Berlin 722 pp.
    • Petters, S.W., Regional Geology of Africa. 1991, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 722 pp.
    • (1991)
    • Petters, S.W.1
  • 76
    • 49349138460 scopus 로고
    • On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms and lithospheric thickness
    • Pollack, H.N., Chapman, D.S., On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms and lithospheric thickness. Tectonophysics 38 (1977), 279–296.
    • (1977) Tectonophysics , vol.38 , pp. 279-296
    • Pollack, H.N.1    Chapman, D.S.2
  • 77
    • 0035085569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The density structure of subcontinental lithosphere: constraints on delamination models
    • Poudjom Djomani, Y.H., O'Reilly, S.Y., Griffin, W.L., Morgan, P., The density structure of subcontinental lithosphere: constraints on delamination models. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 184 (2001), 605–621.
    • (2001) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.184 , pp. 605-621
    • Poudjom Djomani, Y.H.1    O'Reilly, S.Y.2    Griffin, W.L.3    Morgan, P.4
  • 80
    • 0020374513 scopus 로고
    • A progress report on the geophysical exploration of the Kalahari in Botswana
    • Reeves, C.V., Hutchins, D.G., A progress report on the geophysical exploration of the Kalahari in Botswana. Geoexploration 20 (1982), 209–224.
    • (1982) Geoexploration , vol.20 , pp. 209-224
    • Reeves, C.V.1    Hutchins, D.G.2
  • 84
    • 0029778537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garnet geotherms: a technique for derivation of P–T data from Cr-pyrope garnets
    • Ryan, C.G., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., Garnet geotherms: a technique for derivation of P–T data from Cr-pyrope garnets. J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996), 5611–5625.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 5611-5625
    • Ryan, C.G.1    Griffin, W.L.2    Pearson, N.J.3
  • 85
    • 0030430894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geology, geochronology and regional correlation of the Ganzi Ridge, Botswana
    • Schwartz, M.O., Kwok, Y.Y., Davis, D.W., Akanyang, P., Geology, geochronology and regional correlation of the Ganzi Ridge, Botswana. S. Afr. J. Geol. 99 (1996), 245–250.
    • (1996) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.99 , pp. 245-250
    • Schwartz, M.O.1    Kwok, Y.Y.2    Davis, D.W.3    Akanyang, P.4
  • 86
    • 0021053853 scopus 로고
    • Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic evidence for sources of southern African Cretaceous kimberlites
    • Smith, C.B., Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic evidence for sources of southern African Cretaceous kimberlites. Nature 304 (1983), 51–54.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 51-54
    • Smith, C.B.1
  • 87
    • 0023490304 scopus 로고
    • Compositional heterogeneities in a high-temperature lherzolite nodule and implications for mantle processes
    • P.H. Nixon Wiley Chichester
    • Smith, D., Boyd, F.R., Compositional heterogeneities in a high-temperature lherzolite nodule and implications for mantle processes. Nixon, P.H., (eds.) Mantle Xenoliths, 1987, Wiley, Chichester, 551–562.
    • (1987) Mantle Xenoliths , pp. 551-562
    • Smith, D.1    Boyd, F.R.2
  • 89
    • 84999070339 scopus 로고
    • Southern Africa Bouger Gravity Map,. Scale 1:2,500,000. IGSN-71. Anglo-American Prospecting Services.
    • Southern Africa Bouger Gravity Map, 1991. Scale 1:2,500,000. IGSN-71. Anglo-American Prospecting Services.
    • (1991)
  • 90
    • 0000885326 scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic tectonic provinces of Southern Africa
    • Stowe, C.W., Hartnady, C.G.H., Joubert, P., Proterozoic tectonic provinces of Southern Africa. Precambrian Res. 25 (1984), 229–241.
    • (1984) Precambrian Res. , vol.25 , pp. 229-241
    • Stowe, C.W.1    Hartnady, C.G.H.2    Joubert, P.3
  • 91
    • 0344502539 scopus 로고
    • Crustal Evolution of Southern Africa. 3.8 Billion Years of Earth History
    • Springer-Verlag Berlin 523 pp.
    • Tankard, A.J., Jackson, M.P.A., Eriksson, K.A., Hobday, D.K., Hunter, D.R., Minter, W.E.L., Crustal Evolution of Southern Africa. 3.8 Billion Years of Earth History. 1982, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 523 pp.
    • (1982)
    • Tankard, A.J.1    Jackson, M.P.A.2    Eriksson, K.A.3    Hobday, D.K.4    Hunter, D.R.5    Minter, W.E.L.6
  • 92
    • 84999182077 scopus 로고
    • Metamorphism and geochronology of granulites and migmatic granulites from the Mogondi Mobile Belt, Zimbabwe
    • Treloar, P.J., Kramers, J.D., Metamorphism and geochronology of granulites and migmatic granulites from the Mogondi Mobile Belt, Zimbabwe. Precambrian Res. 38 (1989), 55–73.
    • (1989) Precambrian Res. , vol.38 , pp. 55-73
    • Treloar, P.J.1    Kramers, J.D.2
  • 93
    • 0026475787 scopus 로고
    • Himalayan–Tibetian analogies for the evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton and Limpopo Belt
    • Treloar, P.J., Coward, M.P., Harris, N.B.W., Himalayan–Tibetian analogies for the evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton and Limpopo Belt. Precambrian Res. 55 (1992), 571–587.
    • (1992) Precambrian Res. , vol.55 , pp. 571-587
    • Treloar, P.J.1    Coward, M.P.2    Harris, N.B.W.3
  • 94
    • 0003149522 scopus 로고
    • Mineral inclusions in diamond: premier, jagersfontein, and finsch kimberlites, South Africa, and Williamson Mine, Tanzania
    • F.R. Boyd H.O.A. Meyer American Geophysical Union Washington, DC
    • Tsai, H.M., Meyer, H.O.A., Moreau, J., Milledge, H., Mineral inclusions in diamond: premier, jagersfontein, and finsch kimberlites, South Africa, and Williamson Mine, Tanzania. Boyd, F.R., Meyer, H.O.A., (eds.) Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry Proc. 2nd Int. Kimb. Conf., vol. 1, 1979, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 16–26.
    • (1979) Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry, Proc. 2nd Int. Kimb. Conf. , vol.1 , pp. 16-26
    • Tsai, H.M.1    Meyer, H.O.A.2    Moreau, J.3    Milledge, H.4
  • 95
    • 0034896369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metasomatism in mantle xenoliths from the Letlhakane kimberlites: estimation of element fluxes
    • van Achterbergh, E., Griffin, W.L., Stiefenhofer, J., Metasomatism in mantle xenoliths from the Letlhakane kimberlites: estimation of element fluxes. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 141 (2001), 397–414.
    • (2001) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.141 , pp. 397-414
    • van Achterbergh, E.1    Griffin, W.L.2    Stiefenhofer, J.3
  • 96
    • 0000069654 scopus 로고
    • Metamorphic chronology of the Limpopo Belt, southern Africa
    • van Beerman, O., Dodson, M.H., Metamorphic chronology of the Limpopo Belt, southern Africa. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 83 (1972), 2005–2018.
    • (1972) Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. , vol.83 , pp. 2005-2018
    • van Beerman, O.1    Dodson, M.H.2
  • 97
    • 84999096698 scopus 로고
    • Visser D.J.L. (Compiler),. Geological Map of the republics of South Africa, Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei and the Kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland. Scale 1:1,000,000. The Government Printer, Pretoria, 4 sheets.
    • Visser D.J.L. (Compiler), 1984. Geological Map of the republics of South Africa, Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei and the Kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland. Scale 1:1,000,000. The Government Printer, Pretoria, 4 sheets.
    • (1984)
  • 98
    • 0025227354 scopus 로고
    • A chronostratigraphic framework for the north-central Kaapvaal craton, the Bushveld complex and the Vredefort structure
    • Walraven, F., Armstrong, R.A., Kruger, F.J., A chronostratigraphic framework for the north-central Kaapvaal craton, the Bushveld complex and the Vredefort structure. Precambrian Res. 171 (1990), 23–48.
    • (1990) Precambrian Res. , vol.171 , pp. 23-48
    • Walraven, F.1    Armstrong, R.A.2    Kruger, F.J.3
  • 99
    • 0001960382 scopus 로고
    • Brief explonatery notes on the provisional geological map of the Limpopo Belt and environs
    • Watkeys, M.K., Brief explonatery notes on the provisional geological map of the Limpopo Belt and environs. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. Spec. Publ. 8 (1983), 5–8.
    • (1983) Geol. Soc. S. Afr. Spec. Publ. , vol.8 , pp. 5-8
    • Watkeys, M.K.1
  • 100
    • 0005171256 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary reappraisal of the Rodesian basement complex
    • Wilson, J.F., A preliminary reappraisal of the Rodesian basement complex. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. Spec. Publ. 5 (1979), 1–23.
    • (1979) Geol. Soc. S. Afr. Spec. Publ. , vol.5 , pp. 1-23
    • Wilson, J.F.1
  • 101
    • 80052689337 scopus 로고
    • Zircon geochronology of Archean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe craton: a revision of greenstone stratigrphy and a model for crustal growth
    • M.p. Coward A.C. Ries
    • Wilson, J.F., Nesbitt, R.W., Fanning, S.M., Zircon geochronology of Archean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe craton: a revision of greenstone stratigrphy and a model for crustal growth. Coward, M.p., Ries, A.C., (eds.) Early Precambrian Processes Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., vol. 92, 1995, 109–126.
    • (1995) Early Precambrian Processes, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. , vol.92 , pp. 109-126
    • Wilson, J.F.1    Nesbitt, R.W.2    Fanning, S.M.3
  • 102
    • 0033764629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion microprobe U–Pb zircon and baddeleyite ages from the Great Dyke and its sattelite dykes, Zimbabwe
    • Wingate, M.T.D., Ion microprobe U–Pb zircon and baddeleyite ages from the Great Dyke and its sattelite dykes, Zimbabwe. S. Afr. J. Geol. 103 (2000), 74–80.
    • (2000) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.103 , pp. 74-80
    • Wingate, M.T.D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.