The Impact of Previous Leaders on the Evaluation of New Leaders: An Alternative to Prototype Matching

Journal of Applied Psychology

Volumn 92, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1683-1695

  Ritter, Barbara A ^a   Lord, Robert G ^b  

^a Department of Public Health   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

Author keywords

implicit leadership theory; justice; leader prototypes; leadership

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEADERSHIP; MALE; MEMORY; PERCEPTION; PSYCHOTHERAPY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RECOGNITION; SOCIAL JUSTICE;

ADULT; AFFECT; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEADERSHIP; MALE; MEMORY; QUESTIONNAIRES; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); SOCIAL JUSTICE; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; TRANSFERENCE (PSYCHOLOGY);

EID: 36348981097     PISSN: 00219010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1683     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Andersen S.M., and Baum A. Transference in interpersonal relations: Inferences and affect based on significant-other representations. Journal of Personality 62 (1994) 459-497
2. Andersen S.M., and Berk M.S. The social-cognitive model of transference: Experiencing past relationships in the present. Current Directions in Psychological Science 7 4 (1998) 109-115
3. Andersen S.M., and Chen S. The relational self: An interpersonal social-cognitive theory. Psychological Bulletin 109 (2002) 619-645
4. Andersen S.M., and Cole S.W. "Do I know you?" The role of significant others in general social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 (1990) 384-399
5. Andersen S.M., and Glassman N.S. Responding to significant others when they are not there: Effects on interpersonal inference, motivation, and affect. In: Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition: Vol. 3. The interpersonal context (1996), Guilford Press, New York 262-321
6. Andersen S.M., Glassman N.S., Chen S., and Cole S.W. Transference in social perception: The role of chronic accessibility in significant-other representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 41-57
7. Andersen S.M., Glassman N.S., and Gold D.A. Mental representations of the self, significant others, and nonsignificant others: Structure and processing of private and public aspects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 845-861
8. Andersen S.M., Reznik I., and Manzella L.M. Eliciting facial affect, motivation, and expectancies in transference: Significant-other representations in social relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996) 1108-1129
9. Bargh J.A. The four horsemen of automaticity. In: Wyer R.S., and Srull T.K. (Eds). Handbook of social cognition (1994), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 1-40
10. Bargh J.A. The automaticity of everyday life. In: Wyer Jr. R.S. (Ed). Advances in social cognition 10 (1997), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 1-61
11. Bargh J.A., Chen M., and Burrows L. Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996) 230-244
12. Berk M.S., and Andersen S.M. The impact of past relationships on interpersonal behavior: Behavioral confirmation in the social-cognitive process of transference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 546-562
13. Bies R.J. The predicament of injustice. In: Cummings L.L., and Shaw B.M. (Eds). Research in organizational behavior (1987), JAI Press, Greenwich, CT 289-310
14. Bies R.J. International (in)justice: The sacred and the profane. In: Greenberg J., and Cropanzano R. (Eds). Advances in organization justice (2001), Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA 89-118
15. Brown D.J., and Keeping L.M. Elaborating the construct of transformational leadership: The role of affect. Leadership Quarterly 16 (2005) 245-272
16. Chang, C. (2005). Effects of transformational leadership on followers' feedback seeking, feedback preference, and reactions to feedback through cognitive and motivational processes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Akron.
17. Chartrand T.L., and Bargh J.A. Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: Nonconscious goal priming reproduces effects of explicit task instructions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996) 464-478
18. Chen S. The role of theories in mental representations and their use in social perception: A theory-based approach to significant-other representations and transference. In: Moskowitz G.B. (Ed). Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton Symposium on the legacy and future of social cognition (2001), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 125-142
19. Chen S., and Andersen S.M. Relationships from the past in the present: Significant-other representations and transference in interpersonal life. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 31 (1999), Academic Press, New York 123-190
20. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 112 (1992) 155-159
21. Colquitt J.A. On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology 86 (2001) 386-400
22. Colquitt J.A., Conlon D.E., Wesson M.J., Porter O.L.H., and Ng K.Y. Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology 86 (2001) 425-445
23. Devine P.G. Stereotypes and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 (1989) 5-18
24. Eden D., and Leviatan U. Implicit leadership theory as a determinant of the factor structure underlying supervisory behavior scales. Journal of Applied Psychology 60 (1975) 736-741
25. Engle E.M., and Lord R.G. Implicit theories, self-schemas, and leader-member exchange. Academy of Management Journal 40 (1997) 988-1010
26. Flynn F.J. Identity orientation and forms of social exchange in organizations. Academy of Management Review 30 (2005) 737-750
27. Freud, S. (1958). The dynamics of transference. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 20, pp. 99-108). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1937)
28. Freud, S. (1959). Analysis terminable and interminable. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 23, pp. 216-253). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1937)
29. Gaddis B., Connelly S., and Mumford M.D. Failure feedback as an affective event: Influences of leader affect on subordinate attitudes and performance. Leadership Quarterly 15 (2004) 663-686
30. Glassman N.S., and Andersen S.M. Responding to significant others when they are not there: Effects on interpersonal inference, motivation, and affect. In: Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context 3 (1996), Guilford Press, New York 262-321
31. Glassman N.S., and Andersen S.M. Activating transference without consciousness: Using significant-other representations to go beyond what is subliminally given. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1999) 1146-1162
32. Gray J.R. Emotional modulation of cognitive control: Approach-withdrawal states double-dissociate spatial from verbal two-back task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (2001) 436-452
33. Grossberg S. The link between brain learning, attention, and consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition 8 (1999) 1-44
34. Hall R.J., and Lord R.G. Multi-level information processing explanations of followers' leadership perceptions. Leadership Quarterly 6 (1995) 265-287
35. Higgins E.T., Rholes W.S., and Jones C.R. Category accessibility and impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13 (1977) 141-154
36. Hinkley K., and Andersen S.M. The working self-concept in transference: Significant-other activation and self change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996) 1279-1295
37. Keashly L. Emotional abuse in the workplace: Conceptual and empirical issues. Journal of Emotional Abuse 1 (1998) 85-117
38. Keller T. Parental images as a guide to leadership sensemaking: An attachment perspective on implicit leadership theories. Leadership Quarterly 14 (2003) 141-160
39. Klein S.B. A self to remember: A cognitive neuropsychological perspective on how self creates memory and memory creates self. In: Sedikides C., and Brewer M.B. (Eds). Individual self, relational self, collective self (2001), Psychology Press, Philadelphia 25-46
40. Kohari N.E., and Lord R.G. Consequences of interactional (in)justice: A look at leader behaviors and follower perceptions. In: De Cremer D. (Ed). Advances in the psychology of justice and affect (2007), Information Age Publishing, Charlotte, NC 233-260
41. Kramer R.M., and Brewer M.B. Effects of group identity on resource use in a simulated commons dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 (1984) 1044-1057
42. Kramer R.M., and Messick D.M. Getting by with a little help from our enemies. In: Sedikides C., Schopler J., and Insko C.A. (Eds). Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (1998), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 219-230
43. Liden R.C., Wayne S.J., and Stilwell D. A longitudinal study on the early development of leader-member exchanges. Journal of Applied Psychology 78 (1993) 662-674
44. Lind E.A. Fairness heuristic theory: Justice judgments as pivotal cognitions in organizational relations. In: Greenberg J., and Cropanzano R. (Eds). Advances in organizational justice (2001), Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA 56-88
45. Lord R.G. Accuracy in behavioral measurement: An alternative definition based on raters' cognitive schema and signal detection theory. Journal of Applied Psychology 70 (1985) 66-71
46. Lord R.G., and Brown D.J. Leadership processes and follower self-identity (2004), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
47. Lord R.G., Brown D.J., Harvey J.L., and Hall R.J. Contextual constraints on prototype generation and their multi-level consequences for leadership perceptions. Leadership Quarterly 12 (2001) 311-338
48. Lord R.G., Foti R., and De Vader C. A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 34 (1984) 343-378
49. Lord R.G., and Maher K.J. Leadership and information processing: Linking perceptions and performance (1991), Unwin Hyman, Boston
50. Macrae C.N., Milne A.B., and Bodenhausen G.V. Stereotypes as energy-saving devices: A peek inside the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 (1994) 37-47
51. Martin L.L., Strack F., and Stapel D.A. How the mind moves: Knowledge accessibility and the fine-tuning of the cognitive system. In: Tesser A., and Schwarz N. (Eds). Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intraindividual processes (2001), Blackwell, Oxford, England 236-256
52. Maurer T.J., and Lord R.G. An exploration of cognitive demands in group interaction as a moderator of information processing variables in perceptions of leadership. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 21 (1991) 821-839
53. Medvedeff M.E., and Lord R.G. Implicit leadership theories as dynamic processing structures. In: Shamir B., Pallai R., Bligh M.C., and Uhl-Bien M. (Eds). Follower-centered perspectives on leadership: A tribute to the memory of James R. Meindl (2007), Information Age Publishing, Charlotte, NC 19-50
54. Newcombe M.J., and Ashkanasy N.M. The role of affect and affective congruence in perceptions of leaders: An experimental study. Leadership Quarterly 13 (2002) 601-614
55. Orbell J., Dawes R., and Schwartz-Shea P. Trust, social categories, and individuals. Motivation and Emotion 18 2 (1994) 109-127
56. Ritter B.A., Fischbein R.L., and Lord R.G. Implicit and explicit expectations of justice as a function of manager and subordinate race. Human Relations 58 (2005) 1501-1521
57. Shah J. Automatic for the people: How representations of significant others implicitly affect goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (2003) 661-681
58. Shah J. The motivational looking glass: How significant others implicitly affect goal appraisals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 (2003) 424-439
59. Shapiro D.L., and Kirkman B.L. Employees' reaction to the change to work teams: The influence of anticipatory injustice. Journal of Organizational Change Management 12 1 (1999) 51-66
60. Shapiro D.L., and Kirkman B.L. Anticipatory injustice: The consequences of expecting injustice in the workplace. In: Greenberg J., and Cropanzano R. (Eds). Advances in organization justice (2001), Stanford University Press, San Francisco 152-178
61. Smith E.R., and Zarate M.A. Exemplar-based model of social judgment. Psychological Review 99 (1992) 3-21
62. Snodgrass J.G., and Corwin J. Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology 117 (1988) 34-50
63. Solomon R.C. A passion for justice: Emotions and the origins of the social contract (1990), Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
64. Sullivan H.S. Conceptions of modern psychiatry (1940), Norton, New York
65. Sullivan H.S. The interpersonal theory of psychiatry (1953), Norton, New York
66. Tyler T.R., and Blader S.L. Can businesses effectively regulate employee conduct? The antecedents of rule following in work settings. Academy of Management Review 48 (2005) 1143-1158
67. Tyler T.R., and Lind E.A. A relational model of authority in groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 25 (1992) 115-191
68. van Knippenberg D., van Knippenberg B., De Cremer D., and Hogg M.A. Leadership, self, and identity: A review and research agenda. Leadership Quarterly 15 (2004) 825-856
69. Watson D., and Clark L.A. Self- versus peer ratings of emotional traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (1991) 927-940