메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 865-873

Protein-mediated fatty acid uptake: Regulation by contraction, AMP-activated protein kinase, and endocrine signals

Author keywords

FABPpm; FAT CD36; FATP1; FATP4; Heart

Indexed keywords

AMP ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; FATTY ACID; HORMONE; MULTIENZYME COMPLEX; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 36148982984     PISSN: 17155312     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/H07-084     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 4344685789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD36 in myocytes channels fatty acids to a lipase-accessible triglyceride pool that is related to cell lipid and insulin responsiveness
    • PMID:15331529, doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.9.2209
    • Bastie, C.C., Hajri, T., Drover, V.A., Grimaldi, P.A., and Abumrad, N.A. 2004. CD36 in myocytes channels fatty acids to a lipase-accessible triglyceride pool that is related to cell lipid and insulin responsiveness. Diabetes, 53: 2209-2216. doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.9.2209. PMID:15331529.
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 2209-2216
    • Bastie, C.C.1    Hajri, T.2    Drover, V.A.3    Grimaldi, P.A.4    Abumrad, N.A.5
  • 2
    • 33645082002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of fatty acid translocase on human skeletal muscle mitochondrial membranes: Essential role in fatty acid oxidation
    • PMID:16219667
    • Bezaire, V., Bruce, C.R., Heigenhauser, G.J., Tandon, N.N., Glatz, J.F., Luiken, J.J., et al. 2006. Identification of fatty acid translocase on human skeletal muscle mitochondrial membranes: essential role in fatty acid oxidation. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 290: E509-E515. PMID:16219667.
    • (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.290
    • Bezaire, V.1    Bruce, C.R.2    Heigenhauser, G.J.3    Tandon, N.N.4    Glatz, J.F.5    Luiken, J.J.6
  • 4
    • 0032935817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle contractile activity increases fatty acid metabolism and transport and FAT/CD36
    • Bonen, A., Dyck, D.J., Ibrahimi, A., and Abumrad, N.A. 1999a. Muscle contractile activity increases fatty acid metabolism and transport and FAT/CD36. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 276: E642-E649.
    • (1999) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.276
    • Bonen, A.1    Dyck, D.J.2    Ibrahimi, A.3    Abumrad, N.A.4
  • 5
    • 0033256884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • b. Fatty acid transporters (FABPpm, FAT, FATP) in human muscle
    • PMID:10638339
    • Bonen, A., Miskovic, D., and Kiens, B. 1999b. Fatty acid transporters (FABPpm, FAT, FATP) in human muscle. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 24: 515-523. PMID:10638339.
    • (1999) Can. J. Appl. Physiol , vol.24 , pp. 515-523
    • Bonen, A.1    Miskovic, D.2    Kiens, B.3
  • 6
    • 0034640498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute regulation of fatty acid uptake involves the cellular redistribution of fatty acid translocase
    • PMID:10799533, doi:10.1074/jbc.275.19.14501
    • Bonen, A., Luiken, J.J.F.P., Arumugam, Y., Glatz, J.F.C., and Tandon, N.N. 2000. Acute regulation of fatty acid uptake involves the cellular redistribution of fatty acid translocase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 14501-14508. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.19.14501. PMID:10799533.
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275 , pp. 14501-14508
    • Bonen, A.1    Luiken, J.J.F.P.2    Arumugam, Y.3    Glatz, J.F.C.4    Tandon, N.N.5
  • 7
    • 0036813390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of fatty acid transport and membrane transporters in health and disease
    • doi:10.1023/A:1020511125085. PMID:12479584
    • Bonen, A., Glatz, J.F., and Luiken, J.J.F.P. 2002. Regulation of fatty acid transport and membrane transporters in health and disease. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 239: 181-192. doi:10.1023/A:1020511125085. PMID:12479584.
    • (2002) Mol. Cell. Biochem , vol.239 , pp. 181-192
    • Bonen, A.1    Glatz, J.F.2    Luiken, J.J.F.P.3
  • 8
    • 2942719049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of fatty acid transport by fatty acid translocase/CD36
    • PMID:15294038, doi:10.1079/PNS2004331
    • Bonen, A., Campbell, S.E., Benton, C.R., Chabowski, A., Coort, S.L., Han, X.X., et al. 2004a. Regulation of fatty acid transport by fatty acid translocase/CD36. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 63: 245-249. doi:10.1079/PNS2004331. PMID:15294038.
    • (2004) Proc. Nutr. Soc , vol.63 , pp. 245-249
    • Bonen, A.1    Campbell, S.E.2    Benton, C.R.3    Chabowski, A.4    Coort, S.L.5    Han, X.X.6
  • 9
    • 4544355465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triacylglycerol accumulation in human obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with increased rates of skeletal muscle fatty acid transport and increased sarcolemmal FAT/CD36
    • PMID:15132977
    • Bonen, A., Parolin, M.L., Steinberg, G.R., Calles-Escandon, J., Tandon, N.N., Glatz, J.F.C., et al. 2004b. Triacylglycerol accumulation in human obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with increased rates of skeletal muscle fatty acid transport and increased sarcolemmal FAT/CD36. FASEB J. 18: 1144-1146. PMID:15132977.
    • (2004) FASEB J , vol.18 , pp. 1144-1146
    • Bonen, A.1    Parolin, M.L.2    Steinberg, G.R.3    Calles-Escandon, J.4    Tandon, N.N.5    Glatz, J.F.C.6
  • 10
    • 34447533581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and regulation of protein-mediated cellular fatty acid uptake: Molecular, biochemical and physiologic evidence
    • PMID:17342856
    • Bonen, A., Chabowski, A., Luiken, J.J.F.P., and Glatz, J.F.C. 2007a. Mechanisms and regulation of protein-mediated cellular fatty acid uptake: molecular, biochemical and physiologic evidence. Physiology (Bethesda), 22: 15-29. PMID:17342856.
    • (2007) Physiology (Bethesda) , vol.22 , pp. 15-29
    • Bonen, A.1    Chabowski, A.2    Luiken, J.J.F.P.3    Glatz, J.F.C.4
  • 11
    • 34447555830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A null mutation in skeletal muscle FAT/CD36 reveals its essential role in insulin-, and AICAR-stimulated fatty acid metabolism
    • In press. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00579.2006
    • Bonen, A., Han, X.-X., Habets, D.D.J., Febbraio, M., Glatz, J.F.C., and Luiken, J.J.F.P. 2007b. A null mutation in skeletal muscle FAT/CD36 reveals its essential role in insulin-, and AICAR-stimulated fatty acid metabolism. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. In press. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00579.2006.
    • (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab
    • Bonen, A.1    Han, X.-X.2    Habets, D.D.J.3    Febbraio, M.4    Glatz, J.F.C.5    Luiken, J.J.F.P.6
  • 12
    • 0034141834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase: Direction of a single protein with two distinct functions to two subcellular sites does not require alternative splicing of the mRNA
    • doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3450423. PMID:10642497
    • Bradbury, M.W., and Berk, P.D. 2000. Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase: direction of a single protein with two distinct functions to two subcellular sites does not require alternative splicing of the mRNA. Biochem. J. 345: 423-427. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3450423. PMID:10642497.
    • (2000) Biochem. J , vol.345 , pp. 423-427
    • Bradbury, M.W.1    Berk, P.D.2
  • 13
    • 4344595619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel function for FAT/CD36: Involvement in long chain fatty acid transfer into the mitochondria
    • doi:10.1074/jbc. M400566200
    • Campbell, S.E., Tandon, N.N., Woldegiorgis, G., Luiken, J.J.F.P., Glatz, J.F.C., and Bonen, A. 2004. A novel function for FAT/CD36: involvement in long chain fatty acid transfer into the mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 36235-36241. doi:10.1074/jbc. M400566200.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem , vol.279 , pp. 36235-36241
    • Campbell, S.E.1    Tandon, N.N.2    Woldegiorgis, G.3    Luiken, J.J.F.P.4    Glatz, J.F.C.5    Bonen, A.6
  • 14
    • 0036110361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogold localization of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in mitochondria and on the cell surface in normal rat tissues
    • PMID:11962739
    • Cechetto, J.D., Sadacharan, S.K., Berk, P.D., and Gupta, R.S. 2002. Immunogold localization of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in mitochondria and on the cell surface in normal rat tissues. Histol. Histopathol. 17: 353-364. PMID:11962739.
    • (2002) Histol. Histopathol , vol.17 , pp. 353-364
    • Cechetto, J.D.1    Sadacharan, S.K.2    Berk, P.D.3    Gupta, R.S.4
  • 15
    • 4544321760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin stimulates fatty acid transport by regulating expression of FAT/CD36 but not FABPpm
    • PMID:15166001, doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00573.2003
    • Chabowski, A., Coort, S.L., Calles-Escandon, J., Tandon, N.N., Glatz, J.F., Luiken, J.J., et al. 2004. Insulin stimulates fatty acid transport by regulating expression of FAT/CD36 but not FABPpm. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287: E781-E789. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00573.2003. PMID:15166001.
    • (2004) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.287
    • Chabowski, A.1    Coort, S.L.2    Calles-Escandon, J.3    Tandon, N.N.4    Glatz, J.F.5    Luiken, J.J.6
  • 16
    • 17644379557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The subcellular compartmentation of fatty acid transporters is regulated differently by insulin and by AICAR
    • PMID:15848183, doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.118
    • Chabowski, A., Coort, S.L.M., Calles-Escandon, J., Tandon, N.N., Glatz, J.F.C., Luiken, J.J.F.P., et al. 2005. The subcellular compartmentation of fatty acid transporters is regulated differently by insulin and by AICAR. FEBS Lett. 579: 2428-2432. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.118. PMID:15848183.
    • (2005) FEBS Lett , vol.579 , pp. 2428-2432
    • Chabowski, A.1    Coort, S.L.M.2    Calles-Escandon, J.3    Tandon, N.N.4    Glatz, J.F.C.5    Luiken, J.J.F.P.6
  • 17
    • 33748456964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid transport and FAT/CD36 are increased in red but not in white muscle skeletal muscle of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats
    • PMID:16684853, doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00096.2006
    • Chabowski, A., Chatham, J.C., Tandon, N.N., Calles-Escandon, J., Glatz, J.F.C., Luiken, J.J.F.P., et al. 2006a. Fatty acid transport and FAT/CD36 are increased in red but not in white muscle skeletal muscle of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 291: E675-E682. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00096.2006. PMID:16684853.
    • (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.291
    • Chabowski, A.1    Chatham, J.C.2    Tandon, N.N.3    Calles-Escandon, J.4    Glatz, J.F.C.5    Luiken, J.J.F.P.6
  • 18
    • 33745151032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-induced fatty acid transporter translocation increases fatty acid transport and contributes to lipid accumulation in the heart
    • PMID:16753149, doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.045
    • Chabowski, A., Gorski, J., Calles-Escandon, J., Tandon, N.N., and Bonen, A. 2006b. Hypoxia-induced fatty acid transporter translocation increases fatty acid transport and contributes to lipid accumulation in the heart. FEBS Lett. 580: 3617-3623. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.045. PMID:16753149.
    • (2006) FEBS Lett , vol.580 , pp. 3617-3623
    • Chabowski, A.1    Gorski, J.2    Calles-Escandon, J.3    Tandon, N.N.4    Bonen, A.5
  • 19
    • 33745717084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged AMPK activation increases the expression of fatty acid transporters in cardiac myocytes and perfused hearts
    • PMID:16710744, doi:10.1007/s11010-006-9140-8
    • Chabowski, A., Momken, I., Coort, S.L.M., Calles-Escandon, J., Tandon, N.N., Glatz, J.F.C., et al. 2006c. Prolonged AMPK activation increases the expression of fatty acid transporters in cardiac myocytes and perfused hearts. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 288: 201-212. doi:10.1007/s11010-006-9140-8. PMID:16710744.
    • (2006) Mol. Cell. Biochem , vol.288 , pp. 201-212
    • Chabowski, A.1    Momken, I.2    Coort, S.L.M.3    Calles-Escandon, J.4    Tandon, N.N.5    Glatz, J.F.C.6
  • 20
    • 13444268937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic expression of fatty acid transport protein 1 in the heart causes lipotoxic cardiomyopathy
    • PMID:15618539, doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000154079.20681.B9
    • Chiu, H.C., Kovacs, A., Blanton, R.M., Han, X., Courtois, M., Weinheimer, C.J., et al. 2005. Transgenic expression of fatty acid transport protein 1 in the heart causes lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Circ. Res. 96: 225-233. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000154079.20681.B9. PMID:15618539.
    • (2005) Circ. Res , vol.96 , pp. 225-233
    • Chiu, H.C.1    Kovacs, A.2    Blanton, R.M.3    Han, X.4    Courtois, M.5    Weinheimer, C.J.6
  • 21
    • 1842457594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of membrane associated fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm) in vivo increases fatty acid sarcolemmal transport and metabolism
    • PMID:14694205
    • Clarke, D.C., Miskovic, D., Han, X.-X., Calles-Escandon, J., Glatz, J.F.C., Luiken, J.J.F.P., et al. 2004. Overexpression of membrane associated fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm) in vivo increases fatty acid sarcolemmal transport and metabolism. Physiol. Genomics, 17: 31-37. PMID:14694205.
    • (2004) Physiol. Genomics , vol.17 , pp. 31-37
    • Clarke, D.C.1    Miskovic, D.2    Han, X.-X.3    Calles-Escandon, J.4    Glatz, J.F.C.5    Luiken, J.J.F.P.6
  • 22
    • 0034693232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective uptake and utilization of long chain fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissue of CD36 knockout mice
    • PMID:10913136, doi:10.1074/jbc.M003826200
    • Coburn, C.T., Knapp, F.F., Jr., Febbraio, M., Beets, A.L., Silverstein, R.L., and Abumrad, N.A. 2000. Defective uptake and utilization of long chain fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissue of CD36 knockout mice. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 32523-32529. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003826200. PMID:10913136.
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275 , pp. 32523-32529
    • Coburn, C.T.1    Knapp Jr., F.F.2    Febbraio, M.3    Beets, A.L.4    Silverstein, R.L.5    Abumrad, N.A.6
  • 23
    • 4143063095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid-albumin complexes and the determination of the transport of long chain free fatty acids across membranes
    • PMID:15078093, doi:10.1021/bi0363351
    • Cupp, D., Kampf, J.P., and Kleinfeld, A.M. 2004. Fatty acid-albumin complexes and the determination of the transport of long chain free fatty acids across membranes. Biochemistry, 43: 4473-4481. doi:10.1021/bi0363351. PMID:15078093.
    • (2004) Biochemistry , vol.43 , pp. 4473-4481
    • Cupp, D.1    Kampf, J.P.2    Kleinfeld, A.M.3
  • 24
    • 20444484799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative biochemical studies of the murine fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) expressed in yeast
    • PMID:15699031, doi:10.1074/jbc.M409598200
    • DiRusso, C.C., Li, H., Darwis, D., Watkins, P.A., Berger, J., and Black, P.N. 2005. Comparative biochemical studies of the murine fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) expressed in yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 16829-16837. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409598200. PMID:15699031.
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 16829-16837
    • DiRusso, C.C.1    Li, H.2    Darwis, D.3    Watkins, P.A.4    Berger, J.5    Black, P.N.6
  • 25
    • 33746625148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein-mediated fatty acid uptake: Novel insights from in vivo models
    • PMID:16868315
    • Doege, H., and Stahl, A. 2006. Protein-mediated fatty acid uptake: novel insights from in vivo models. Physiology (Bethesda), 21: 259-268. PMID:16868315.
    • (2006) Physiology (Bethesda) , vol.21 , pp. 259-268
    • Doege, H.1    Stahl, A.2
  • 26
    • 33645994508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted deletion of FATP5 reveals multiple functions in liver metabolism: Alterations in hepatic lipid homeostasis
    • PMID:16618416, doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.006
    • Doege, H., Baillie, R.A., Ortegon, A.M., Tsang, B., Wu, Q., Punreddy, S., et al. 2006. Targeted deletion of FATP5 reveals multiple functions in liver metabolism: alterations in hepatic lipid homeostasis. Gastroenterology, 130: 1245-1258. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.006. PMID:16618416.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 1245-1258
    • Doege, H.1    Baillie, R.A.2    Ortegon, A.M.3    Tsang, B.4    Wu, Q.5    Punreddy, S.6
  • 27
    • 1542782154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted deletion of fatty acid transport protein-4 results in early embryonic lethality
    • PMID:14512415, doi:10.1074/jbc.M309759200
    • Gimeno, R.E., Hirsch, D.J., Punreddy, S., Sun, Y., Ortegon, A.M., Wu, H., et al. 2003a. Targeted deletion of fatty acid transport protein-4 results in early embryonic lethality. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 49512-49516. doi:10.1074/jbc.M309759200. PMID:14512415.
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem , vol.278 , pp. 49512-49516
    • Gimeno, R.E.1    Hirsch, D.J.2    Punreddy, S.3    Sun, Y.4    Ortegon, A.M.5    Wu, H.6
  • 28
    • 0037806023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a heart-specific fatty acid transport protein
    • PMID:12556534, doi:10.1074/jbc.M211412200
    • Gimeno, R.E., Ortegon, A.M., Patel, S., Punreddy, S., Ge, P., Sun, Y., et al. 2003b. Characterization of a heart-specific fatty acid transport protein. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 16039-16044. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211412200. PMID:12556534.
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem , vol.278 , pp. 16039-16044
    • Gimeno, R.E.1    Ortegon, A.M.2    Patel, S.3    Punreddy, S.4    Ge, P.5    Sun, Y.6
  • 29
    • 0031921236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid transport: Difficult or easy?
    • PMID:9548581
    • Hamilton, J.A. 1998. Fatty acid transport: difficult or easy? J. Lipid Res. 39: 467-481. PMID:9548581.
    • (1998) J. Lipid Res , vol.39 , pp. 467-481
    • Hamilton, J.A.1
  • 30
    • 0033511647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How are free fatty acids transported in membranes? Is it by proteins or by free diffusion through the lipids?
    • PMID:10580412, doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.12.2255
    • Hamilton, J.A., and Kamp, F. 1999. How are free fatty acids transported in membranes? Is it by proteins or by free diffusion through the lipids? Diabetes, 48: 2255-2269. doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.12.2255. PMID:10580412.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 2255-2269
    • Hamilton, J.A.1    Kamp, F.2
  • 31
    • 0034922738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hamilton, J.A., Johnson, R.A., Corkey, B., and Kamp, F. 2001. Fatty acid transport: the diffusion mechanism in model and biological membranes. J. Mol. Neurosci. 16: 99-108. [discussion 151-107.] doi:10.1385/JMN:16:2-3:99. PMID:11478390.
    • Hamilton, J.A., Johnson, R.A., Corkey, B., and Kamp, F. 2001. Fatty acid transport: the diffusion mechanism in model and biological membranes. J. Mol. Neurosci. 16: 99-108. [discussion 151-107.] doi:10.1385/JMN:16:2-3:99. PMID:11478390.
  • 32
    • 0036812909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids: Do we need cellular proteins?
    • doi:10.1023/A:1020542220599. PMID:12479564
    • Hamilton, J.A., Guo, W., and Kamp, F. 2002. Mechanisms of cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids: Do we need cellular proteins? Mol. Cell. Biochem. 239: 17-23. doi:10.1023/A:1020542220599. PMID:12479564.
    • (2002) Mol. Cell. Biochem , vol.239 , pp. 17-23
    • Hamilton, J.A.1    Guo, W.2    Kamp, F.3
  • 33
    • 0038778368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-deficient mouse and its relevance to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
    • PMID:12719378, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg126
    • Heinzer, A.K., Watkins, P.A., Lu, J.F., Kemp, S., Moser, A.B., Li, Y.Y., et al. 2003. A very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-deficient mouse and its relevance to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 12: 1145-1154. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg126. PMID:12719378.
    • (2003) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.12 , pp. 1145-1154
    • Heinzer, A.K.1    Watkins, P.A.2    Lu, J.F.3    Kemp, S.4    Moser, A.B.5    Li, Y.Y.6
  • 34
    • 0037477788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice with targeted disruption of the fatty acid transport protein 4 (Fatp 4, Slc27a4) gene show features of lethal restrictive dermopathy
    • PMID:12821645, doi:10.1083/jcb.200207080
    • Herrmann, T., van der Hoeven, F., Grone, H.J., Stewart, A.F., Langbein, L., Kaiser, I., et al. 2003. Mice with targeted disruption of the fatty acid transport protein 4 (Fatp 4, Slc27a4) gene show features of lethal restrictive dermopathy. J. Cell Biol. 161: 1105-1115. doi:10.1083/jcb.200207080. PMID:12821645.
    • (2003) J. Cell Biol , vol.161 , pp. 1105-1115
    • Herrmann, T.1    van der Hoeven, F.2    Grone, H.J.3    Stewart, A.F.4    Langbein, L.5    Kaiser, I.6
  • 35
    • 33644816485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbed epidermal structure in mice with temporally controlled fatp4 deficiency
    • PMID:16354193, doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23972.x
    • Herrmann, T., Grone, H.J., Langbein, L., Kaiser, I., Gosch, I., Bennemann, U., et al. 2005. Disturbed epidermal structure in mice with temporally controlled fatp4 deficiency. J. Invest. Dermatol. 125: 1228-1235. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23972.x. PMID:16354193.
    • (2005) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.125 , pp. 1228-1235
    • Herrmann, T.1    Grone, H.J.2    Langbein, L.3    Kaiser, I.4    Gosch, I.5    Bennemann, U.6
  • 36
    • 0032555136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A family of fatty acid transporters conserved from mycobacterium to man
    • PMID:9671728, doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8625
    • Hirsch, D., Stahl, A., and Lodish, H.F. 1998. A family of fatty acid transporters conserved from mycobacterium to man. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 8625-8629. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8625. PMID:9671728.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A , vol.95 , pp. 8625-8629
    • Hirsch, D.1    Stahl, A.2    Lodish, H.F.3
  • 37
    • 33645892283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial long chain fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid translocase/CD36 content and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activity in human skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise
    • PMID:16357012
    • Holloway, G.P., Bezaire, V., Heigenhauser, G.J., Tandon, N.N., Glatz, J.F., Luiken, J.J., et al. 2006. Mitochondrial long chain fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid translocase/CD36 content and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activity in human skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise. J. Physiol. 571: 201-210. PMID:16357012.
    • (2006) J. Physiol , vol.571 , pp. 201-210
    • Holloway, G.P.1    Bezaire, V.2    Heigenhauser, G.J.3    Tandon, N.N.4    Glatz, J.F.5    Luiken, J.J.6
  • 38
    • 33645994830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice deleted for fatty acid transport protein 5 have defective bile acid conjugation and are protected from obesity
    • PMID:16618417, doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.012
    • Hubbard, B., Doege, H., Punreddy, S., Wu, H., Huang, X., Kaushik, V.K., et al. 2006. Mice deleted for fatty acid transport protein 5 have defective bile acid conjugation and are protected from obesity. Gastroenterology, 130: 1259-1269. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.012. PMID:16618417.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 1259-1269
    • Hubbard, B.1    Doege, H.2    Punreddy, S.3    Wu, H.4    Huang, X.5    Kaushik, V.K.6
  • 39
    • 0028786938 scopus 로고
    • 3T3 fibroblasts transfected with a cDNA for mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase express plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein and saturable fatty acid uptake
    • PMID:7568234, doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9866
    • Isola, L.M., Zhou, S.L., Kiang, C.L., Stump, D.D., Bradbury, M.W., and Berk, P.D. 1995. 3T3 fibroblasts transfected with a cDNA for mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase express plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein and saturable fatty acid uptake. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92: 9866-9870. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9866. PMID:7568234.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A , vol.92 , pp. 9866-9870
    • Isola, L.M.1    Zhou, S.L.2    Kiang, C.L.3    Stump, D.D.4    Bradbury, M.W.5    Berk, P.D.6
  • 40
    • 4143068282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid transport in adipocytes monitored by imaging intracellular free fatty acid levels
    • PMID:15199061, doi:10.1074/jbc.M403630200
    • Kampf, J.P., and Kleinfeld, A.M. 2004. Fatty acid transport in adipocytes monitored by imaging intracellular free fatty acid levels. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 35775-35780. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403630200. PMID:15199061.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem , vol.279 , pp. 35775-35780
    • Kampf, J.P.1    Kleinfeld, A.M.2
  • 41
    • 33746356212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different mechanisms of free fatty acid flip-flop and dissociation revealed by temperature and molecular species dependence of transport across lipid vesicles
    • PMID:16737957, doi:10.1074/jbc.M602067200
    • Kampf, J.P., Cupp, D., and Kleinfeld, A.M. 2006. Different mechanisms of free fatty acid flip-flop and dissociation revealed by temperature and molecular species dependence of transport across lipid vesicles. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 21566-21574. doi:10.1074/jbc.M602067200. PMID:16737957.
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem , vol.281 , pp. 21566-21574
    • Kampf, J.P.1    Cupp, D.2    Kleinfeld, A.M.3
  • 42
    • 11144355563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of fatty acid transport protein 1 prevents fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
    • PMID:14991074, doi:10.1172/JCI200418917
    • Kim, J.K., Gimeno, R.E., Higashimori, T., Kim, H.-J., Choi, H., Punreddy, S., et al. 2004. Inactivation of fatty acid transport protein 1 prevents fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. J. Clin. Invest. 113: 756-763. doi:10.1172/JCI200418917. PMID:14991074.
    • (2004) J. Clin. Invest , vol.113 , pp. 756-763
    • Kim, J.K.1    Gimeno, R.E.2    Higashimori, T.3    Kim, H.-J.4    Choi, H.5    Punreddy, S.6
  • 43
    • 0034657978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid phase fatty acid flip-flop, is it fast enough for cellular transport?
    • PMID:10811969, doi:10.1007/ s002320001056
    • Kleinfeld, A.M. 2000. Lipid phase fatty acid flip-flop, is it fast enough for cellular transport? J. Membr. Biol. 175: 79-86. doi:10.1007/ s002320001056. PMID:10811969.
    • (2000) J. Membr. Biol , vol.175 , pp. 79-86
    • Kleinfeld, A.M.1
  • 44
    • 2442716686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different mechanism can alter fatty acid transport when muscle contractile activity is chronically altered
    • doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00531.2003
    • Koonen, D.P., Benton, C.R., Arumugam, Y., Tandon, N.N., Calles-Escandon, J., Glatz, J.F., et al. 2004. Different mechanism can alter fatty acid transport when muscle contractile activity is chronically altered. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286: E1042-E1049. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00531.2003.
    • (2004) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.286
    • Koonen, D.P.1    Benton, C.R.2    Arumugam, Y.3    Tandon, N.N.4    Calles-Escandon, J.5    Glatz, J.F.6
  • 45
    • 11144305239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mistaken identity or yet another case of species difference?
    • PMID:15598873
    • Lavrentyev, E.N., He, D., and Cook, G.A. 2005. Mistaken identity or yet another case of species difference? Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288: H448-H450. PMID:15598873.
    • (2005) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol , vol.288
    • Lavrentyev, E.N.1    He, D.2    Cook, G.A.3
  • 46
    • 0032998539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein-mediated palmitate uptake and expression of fatty acid transport proteins in heart giant vesicles
    • PMID:10357832
    • Luiken, J.J.F.P., Turcotte, L.P., and Bonen, A. 1999. Protein-mediated palmitate uptake and expression of fatty acid transport proteins in heart giant vesicles. J. Lipid Res. 40: 1007-1016. PMID:10357832.
    • (1999) J. Lipid Res , vol.40 , pp. 1007-1016
    • Luiken, J.J.F.P.1    Turcotte, L.P.2    Bonen, A.3
  • 47
    • 0035798670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased rates of fatty acid uptake and plasmalemmal fatty acid transporters in obese Zucker rats
    • PMID:11504711, doi:10.1074/jbc.M100052200
    • Luiken, J.J.F.P., Arumugam, Y., Dyck, D.J., Bell, R.C., Pelsers, M.L., Turcotte, L.P., et al. 2001. Increased rates of fatty acid uptake and plasmalemmal fatty acid transporters in obese Zucker rats. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 40567-40573. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100052200. PMID:11504711.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem , vol.276 , pp. 40567-40573
    • Luiken, J.J.F.P.1    Arumugam, Y.2    Dyck, D.J.3    Bell, R.C.4    Pelsers, M.L.5    Turcotte, L.P.6
  • 50
    • 0036787393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin stimulates long-chain fatty acid uilization by rat cardiac myocytes through cellular redistribution of FAT/CD36
    • PMID:12351456, doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.10.3113
    • Luiken, J.J.F.P., Koonen, D.P.Y., Willems, J., Zorzano, A., Fischer, Y., van der Vusse, G.J., et al. 2002c. Insulin stimulates long-chain fatty acid uilization by rat cardiac myocytes through cellular redistribution of FAT/CD36. Diabetes, 51: 3113-3119. doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.10.3113. PMID:12351456.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 3113-3119
    • Luiken, J.J.F.P.1    Koonen, D.P.Y.2    Willems, J.3    Zorzano, A.4    Fischer, Y.5    van der Vusse, G.J.6
  • 51
    • 0037677773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contraction-induced fatty acid translocase/CD36 translocation in rat cardiac myocytes is mediated through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling
    • PMID:12829625, doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1627
    • Luiken, J.J.F.P., Coort, S.M.L., Willems, J., Coumans, W.A., Bonen, A., van der Vusse, G.J., et al. 2003. Contraction-induced fatty acid translocase/CD36 translocation in rat cardiac myocytes is mediated through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Diabetes, 52: 1627-1634. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1627. PMID:12829625.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1627-1634
    • Luiken, J.J.F.P.1    Coort, S.M.L.2    Willems, J.3    Coumans, W.A.4    Bonen, A.5    van der Vusse, G.J.6
  • 52
    • 2442716271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cardiac long-chain fatty acid and glucose uptake by translocation of substrate transporters
    • PMID:14872244, doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1199-4
    • Luiken, J.J., Coort, S.L., Koonen, D.P., van der Horst, D.J., Bonen, A., Zorzano, A., et al. 2004. Regulation of cardiac long-chain fatty acid and glucose uptake by translocation of substrate transporters. Pflugers Arch. 448: 1-15. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1199-4. PMID:14872244.
    • (2004) Pflugers Arch , vol.448 , pp. 1-15
    • Luiken, J.J.1    Coort, S.L.2    Koonen, D.P.3    van der Horst, D.J.4    Bonen, A.5    Zorzano, A.6
  • 53
    • 36148943694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momken, I., Chabowski, A., and Bonen, A. 2005. Effect of leptin on fatty acid metabolism and subcellular distribution of FAT/CD36 in cardiomyocytes. In 2nd Northern Lights Conference, Guelph, Ont., 21-24 June 2005. Canadian Federation of Biological Societies. Abstract F45.
    • Momken, I., Chabowski, A., and Bonen, A. 2005. Effect of leptin on fatty acid metabolism and subcellular distribution of FAT/CD36 in cardiomyocytes. In 2nd Northern Lights Conference, Guelph, Ont., 21-24 June 2005. Canadian Federation of Biological Societies. Abstract F45.
  • 54
    • 0037627582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning of wrinkle-free, a previously uncharacterized mouse mutation, reveals crucial roles for fatty acid transport protein 4 in skin and hair development
    • PMID:12697906, doi:10.1073/pnas.0431186100
    • Moulson, C.L., Martin, D.R., Lugus, J.J., Schaffer, J.E., Lind, A.C., and Miner, J.H. 2003. Cloning of wrinkle-free, a previously uncharacterized mouse mutation, reveals crucial roles for fatty acid transport protein 4 in skin and hair development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100: 5274-5279. doi:10.1073/pnas.0431186100. PMID:12697906.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A , vol.100 , pp. 5274-5279
    • Moulson, C.L.1    Martin, D.R.2    Lugus, J.J.3    Schaffer, J.E.4    Lind, A.C.5    Miner, J.H.6
  • 55
    • 36148956342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nickerson, J., and Bonen, A. 2005. Defining a role for skeletal muscle fatty acid transport proteins. In 2nd Northern Lights Conference, Guelph, Ont., 21-24 June 2005. Canadian Federation of Biological Societies. Abstract F47.
    • Nickerson, J., and Bonen, A. 2005. Defining a role for skeletal muscle fatty acid transport proteins. In 2nd Northern Lights Conference, Guelph, Ont., 21-24 June 2005. Canadian Federation of Biological Societies. Abstract F47.
  • 56
    • 11144236852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase3/fatty acid transport protein 3 catalyzes fatty acid activation but not fatty acid transport in MA-10 cells
    • PMID:15469937, doi:10.1074/jbc.M410091200
    • Pei, Z., Fraisl, P., Berger, J., Jia, Z., Forss-Petter, S., and Watkins, P.A. 2004. Mouse very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase3/fatty acid transport protein 3 catalyzes fatty acid activation but not fatty acid transport in MA-10 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 54454-54462. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410091200. PMID:15469937.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem , vol.279 , pp. 54454-54462
    • Pei, Z.1    Fraisl, P.2    Berger, J.3    Jia, Z.4    Forss-Petter, S.5    Watkins, P.A.6
  • 57
    • 33644746164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid transport protein 1 and long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase 1 interact in adipocytes
    • PMID:16357361
    • Richards, M.R., Harp, J.D., Ory, D.S., and Schaffer, J.E. 2006. Fatty acid transport protein 1 and long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase 1 interact in adipocytes. J. Lipid Res. 47: 665-672. PMID:16357361.
    • (2006) J. Lipid Res , vol.47 , pp. 665-672
    • Richards, M.R.1    Harp, J.D.2    Ory, D.S.3    Schaffer, J.E.4
  • 58
    • 0028152492 scopus 로고
    • Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein
    • PMID:7954810, doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90252-6
    • Schaffer, J.E., and Lodish, H.F. 1994. Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein. Cell, 79: 427-436. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90252-6. PMID:7954810.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 427-436
    • Schaffer, J.E.1    Lodish, H.F.2
  • 59
    • 33745818883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coimrnunoprecipitation of FAT/CD36 and CPTI in skeletal muscle increases proportionally with fat oxidation after endurance exercise training
    • PMID:16670153, doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00051.2006
    • Schenk, S., and Horowitz, J.F. 2006. Coimrnunoprecipitation of FAT/CD36 and CPTI in skeletal muscle increases proportionally with fat oxidation after endurance exercise training. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 291: E254-E260. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00051.2006. PMID:16670153.
    • (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.291
    • Schenk, S.1    Horowitz, J.F.2
  • 60
    • 36148991987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin and exercise prevent the progression of diabetes in female ZDF Rats
    • Abstract
    • Smith, A.C., Junkin, K.A., Mullen, K.L., Bonen, A., and Dyck, D.J. 2006. Metformin and exercise prevent the progression of diabetes in female ZDF Rats. Diabetes, 55 (Suppl. 1): A392.[Abstract.]
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Smith, A.C.1    Junkin, K.A.2    Mullen, K.L.3    Bonen, A.4    Dyck, D.J.5
  • 61
    • 36149000724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial fatty acid binding protein content is not altered in human skeletal muscle during prolonged aerobic exercise
    • Spriet, L.L., Holloway, G.P., Heigenhauser, G.J.F., Calles-Escandon, J., and Bonen, A. 2006. Mitochondrial fatty acid binding protein content is not altered in human skeletal muscle during prolonged aerobic exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38 (Suppl.): S543.
    • (2006) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc , vol.38 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Spriet, L.L.1    Holloway, G.P.2    Heigenhauser, G.J.F.3    Calles-Escandon, J.4    Bonen, A.5
  • 62
    • 0033197543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the major intestinal fatty acid transport protein
    • PMID:10518211, doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80332-9
    • Stahl, A., Hirsch, D.J., Gimeno, R.E., Punreddy, S., Ge, P., Watson, N., et al. 1999. Identification of the major intestinal fatty acid transport protein. Mol. Cell, 4: 299-308. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80332-9. PMID:10518211.
    • (1999) Mol. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 299-308
    • Stahl, A.1    Hirsch, D.J.2    Gimeno, R.E.3    Punreddy, S.4    Ge, P.5    Watson, N.6
  • 63
    • 0036228690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin causes fatty acid transport protein translocation and enhanced fatty acid uptake in adipocytes
    • PMID:11970897, doi:10.1016/S1534- 5807(02)00143-0
    • Stahl, A., Evans, J.G., Pattel, S., Hirsch, D., and Lodish, H.F. 2002. Insulin causes fatty acid transport protein translocation and enhanced fatty acid uptake in adipocytes. Dev. Cell, 2: 477-488. doi:10.1016/S1534- 5807(02)00143-0. PMID:11970897.
    • (2002) Dev. Cell , vol.2 , pp. 477-488
    • Stahl, A.1    Evans, J.G.2    Pattel, S.3    Hirsch, D.4    Lodish, H.F.5
  • 64
    • 0037088653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic leptin administration decreases fatty acid uptake and fatty acid transporters in rat skeletal muscle
    • PMID:11729182, doi:10.1074/jbc.M107683200
    • Steinberg, G.R., Dyck, D.J., Calles-Escandon, J., Tandon, N.N., Luiken, J.J.F.P., Glatz, J.F., et al. 2002. Chronic leptin administration decreases fatty acid uptake and fatty acid transporters in rat skeletal muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 8854-8860. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107683200. PMID:11729182.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 8854-8860
    • Steinberg, G.R.1    Dyck, D.J.2    Calles-Escandon, J.3    Tandon, N.N.4    Luiken, J.J.F.P.5    Glatz, J.F.6
  • 65
    • 0027143338 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of plasma membrane FABP and mitochondrial isoform of aspartate aminotransferase from rat liver
    • Stump, D.D., Zhou, S.-L., and Berk, P.D. 1993. Comparison of plasma membrane FABP and mitochondrial isoform of aspartate aminotransferase from rat liver. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 265: G894-G902.
    • (1993) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol , vol.265
    • Stump, D.D.1    Zhou, S.-L.2    Berk, P.D.3
  • 66
    • 0033899155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle palmitate transport and binding are saturable and inhibited by antibodies to FABPpm
    • doi:10.1023/A:1007046929776. PMID:10976758
    • Turcotte, L.P., Swenberger, J.R., Tucker, M.Z., Trump, G., Yee, A.J., Luiken, J.J.F.P., et al. 2000. Muscle palmitate transport and binding are saturable and inhibited by antibodies to FABPpm. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 210: 53-63. doi:10.1023/A:1007046929776. PMID:10976758.
    • (2000) Mol. Cell. Biochem , vol.210 , pp. 53-63
    • Turcotte, L.P.1    Swenberger, J.R.2    Tucker, M.Z.3    Trump, G.4    Yee, A.J.5    Luiken, J.J.F.P.6
  • 67
    • 20144372237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERK1/2 inhibition prevents contraction-induced increase in plasma membrane FAT/CD36 content and FA uptake in rodent muscle
    • PMID:15916673, doi:10.1111/j.1365-201X.2005.01445.x
    • Turcotte, L.P., Raney, M.A., and Todd, M.K. 2005. ERK1/2 inhibition prevents contraction-induced increase in plasma membrane FAT/CD36 content and FA uptake in rodent muscle. Acta Physiol. Scand. 184: 131-139. doi:10.1111/j.1365-201X.2005.01445.x. PMID:15916673.
    • (2005) Acta Physiol. Scand , vol.184 , pp. 131-139
    • Turcotte, L.P.1    Raney, M.A.2    Todd, M.K.3
  • 68
    • 33646239182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FATP1 is an insulin-sensitive fatty acid transporter involved in diet-induced obesity
    • PMID:16611988, doi:10.1128/MCB.26.9.3455-3467.2006
    • Wu, Q., Ortegon, A.M., Tsang, B., Doege, H., Feingold, K.R., and Stahl, A. 2006. FATP1 is an insulin-sensitive fatty acid transporter involved in diet-induced obesity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26: 3455-3467. doi:10.1128/MCB.26.9.3455-3467.2006. PMID:16611988.
    • (2006) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.26 , pp. 3455-3467
    • Wu, Q.1    Ortegon, A.M.2    Tsang, B.3    Doege, H.4    Feingold, K.R.5    Stahl, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.