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Volumn 126, Issue 31, 2004, Pages 9724-9734

Elucidating the significance of β-hydride elimination and the dynamic role of acid/base chemistry in a palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACIDS; ALCOHOLS; DECOMPOSITION; HYDRIDES; ISOTOPES; OXIDATION; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION;

EID: 3543113906     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja047794s     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (253)

References (105)
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    • Simultaneously and independently a related kinetic resolution was reported; see: (e) Ferreira, E. M.; Stoltz, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7725-7726.
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    • Other scenarios have been reported where reactions with nonlinear transition states give high KIE values. The high KIE values were attributed to significant intermolecular force constants. For discussion of this concept, see: Motell, E. L.; Boone, A. W.; Fink, W. H. Tetrahedron 1978, 34, 1619-1626. Additionally, for discussion of proton-transfer reactions and KIE, see: O'Ferrall, R. A. M. In Proton-Transfer Reactions; Caldin, E. F., Gould, V., Eds.; Chapman & Hall: New York, 1975; Chapter 8.
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    • Other scenarios have been reported where reactions with nonlinear transition states give high KIE values. The high KIE values were attributed to significant intermolecular force constants. For discussion of this concept, see: Motell, E. L.; Boone, A. W.; Fink, W. H. Tetrahedron 1978, 34, 1619-1626. Additionally, for discussion of proton-transfer reactions and KIE, see: O'Ferrall, R. A. M. In Proton-Transfer Reactions; Caldin, E. F., Gould, V., Eds.; Chapman & Hall: New York, 1975; Chapter 8.
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    • (b) While the current paper was in review, a computational model of the Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols using (-)-sparteine was reported. In this study, the authors report that the chloride ion is closely associated with the Pd(II) center (3.0 Å) at the transition state for β-hydride elimination; see: Nielsen, R. J.; Keith, J. M.; Stoltz, B. M.; Goddard, W. A., III. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 726, 7967-7974.
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    • note
    • Initial calculations performed on both cis- and trans-Pd(IiPr)(OAc) alkoxides (the NHC ligand was truncated) revealed the Pd complex with the alkoxide cis to the carbene ligand was found to be significantly lower in energy than the trans geometric isomer. See the Supporting Information for details.
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    • No scaling factors were applied to frequency calculations. No solvent corrections were applied.
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    • Mulliken charges and APT charges were both calculated. The APT charges best correlated with a β-hydride elimination mechanism, Mulliken charges indicated the β-H to be more proton-like; therefore, this analysis was not used.
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    • note
    • a values should lead to increases in rate. The Bronsted-type plot at 2 mol % additive carboxylic acid shows the opposite trend where carboxylate ligands with electron-donating groups show increased reaction rates. Thus, the influence of different carboxylate ligands on β-hydride elimination is probably minimal compared to the acid/base effects present.


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