AIDS: Is there an answer to the global pandemic? The immune system in HIV infection and control

Viral Immunology

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 331-341

  Maplanka, Charlotte ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; BETA INTERFERON; CYTOKINE; GAG PROTEIN; GAMMA INTERFERON; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VIRUS PROTEIN;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTIGEN BINDING; BINDING SITE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CYTOKINE RELEASE; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFECTION CONTROL; INNATE IMMUNITY; NATURAL KILLER T CELL; NONHUMAN; PANDEMIC; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS INACTIVATION; VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS VACCINES; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; HUMANS;

EID: 35348888625     PISSN: 08828245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/vim.2007.0044     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. + T-cell responses following cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 2005;79:12952-12960.
2. + T cells produce antiviral cytokines but are impaired in cytolytic function. J Exp Med 2000;192:63-75.
3. Alter G and Altfeld M: Perspective: Natural killer cells: Bridging innate and adaptive immunity? IAVI Rep 2006;10:2. Available at http://www.aegis.com/ pubs/iavi/2006/IAVI0605-02_EN.html (accessed July 2007).
4. Alter G, et al.: Increased natural killer cell activity in viremic HIV-1 infection. J Immunol 2004;173:5305-5311.
5. Alter G, et al.: Sequential deregulation of NK cell subset distribution and function starting in acute HIV-1 infection. Blood 2005;106:3366-3369.
6. Altfeld M, et al.: The majority of currently circulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B viruses fail to prime cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against an otherwise immunodominant HLA-A2-restricted epitope: Implications for vaccine design. J Virol 2005;79:5000-5005.
7. + T cell response against HIV-1. PLoS Med 2006;3:e403.
8. Bende S and Johnston MI: Update: Search for an AIDS vaccine. AIDS Reader 2000;10:526-537.
9. + T cell responses by intracellular cytokine production. Immunol Lett 2001;79:117-125.
10. Bettes MR, et al.: Characterization of functional and phenotypic changes in anti-Gag vaccine-induced T cell responses and their role in protein after HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:4512-4517.
11. Brenchley JM, et al.: T-cell subsets that harbor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vivo: Implications for HIV pathogenesis. J Virol 2004;78:1160-1168.
12. Carrington M, Dean M, Martin MP, and O'Brien J: Genetics of HIV-1 infection: Chemokine receptor CCR5 polymorphism and its consequence. Hum Mol Genet 1999;8:1939-1945.
13. Cohen P and Noble S: Research at the extremes: Presentations at Keystone 2005 focused on both very early and prolonged infection to try to discern what an effective vaccine might need to do. IAVI Rep 2005;9:5. Available at http://www.aegis.com/pubs/iavi/2005/IAVI0504-06_EN.html (accessed July 2007).
14. Connor RI, Sheridan KE, Ceradini D, Choe S, and Landau NR: Change in coreceptor use correlates with disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals. J Exp Med 1997;185:621-628.
15. Day CL, et al.: PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression. Nature 2006;443:350-354.
16. Doshi S: AIDS vaccine trials: Ethical ramifications and policy implications for developing countries [review]. Trinity Student Med J 2001;2:32-37.
17. Excler J: AIDS vaccine development: Perspectives, challenges and hopes. Indian J Med Res 2005;121:568-581.
18. Freeman GJ, Wherry JE, Ahmed R, and Sharpe AH: Reinvigorating exhausted HIV-specific T cells via PD-1-PD-1 ligand blockade. J Exp Med 2006;203:2223-2227.
19. Gao F, et al.: Antigenicity and immunogenicity of a synthetic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M consensus envelope glycoprotein. J Virol 2005;79:1154-1163.
20. Gao X, et al.: Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1668-1675.
21. Graham BS: Clinical Trials of HIV Vaccines. Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (2001). Available at http://vrc.nih.gov/ VRCr7.pdf (accessed July 2007).
22. Ho DD: A shot in the arm for AIDS vaccine research. PLoS Med 2005;2:e36. [Erratum in: PLoS Med 2005;2:e299.]
23. Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, and Shlomchik MJ: Failures of host defense mechanisms. In: Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease, pp. 505-508. Garland Science Taylor & Francis Group, New York, 2005.
24. + T cells and viremia: Who's in control? Trends Immunol 2006;27:119-124.
25. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO): Global summary of the AIDS epidemic, December 2006. In: AIDS Epidemic Update: Special Report on HIV/AIDS: December 2006. Publication no. UNAIDS/06.29E. UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006. Available at http://www.aids-stiftung.de/cgi-bin/WebObjects/aidsstiftung.woa/1/wa/Media ContentWithId/1001446.pdf (accessed July 2007).
26. + T-cell responses to different HIV proteins have discordant associations with viral load. Nat Med 2007;13:46-53.
27. + T cell activation is associated with low susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. J Immunol 2005;175:6117-6122.
28. Koup RA, et al.: Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J Virol 1994;68:4650-4655.
29. Lee CG, et al.: The synthetic peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met as a novel adjuvant for DNA vaccine. Science Direct-Vaccine. 2005;23:4703-4710.
30. Leslie AJ, et al.: HIV evolution: CTL escape mutation and reversion after viral transmission. Nat Med 2004;10:282-289.
31. + T cells. J Exp Med 2004;200:701-712.
32. + T cells producing both interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Blood 2004;104:487-494.
33. Lieberman J, Shankar P, Manjunath N, and Andersson J: Dressed to kill? A review of why antiviral CD8 T lymphocytes fail to prevent progressive immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection. Blood 2001;98:1667-1677.
34. Markel H: The search for effective HIV vaccines. N Engl J Med 2005;353:753-757.
35. Mavilio D, et al.: Natural killer cells in HIV-1 infection: Dichotomous effects of viremia on inhibitory and activating receptors and their functional correlates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:15011-15016.
36. Mavilio D, et al.: Identification of NKG2Aand NKp80 as specific natural killer cell markers in rhesus and pigtailed monkeys. Blood 2005;106:1718-1725.
37. + natural killer (NK) cells: A highly dysfunctional NK subset expanded in HIV-infected viremic individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:2886-2891.
38. + T cells. Immunol Lett 2001;79:141-150.
39. + T cell proliferation is coupled to perforin expression and is maintained in nonprogressors. Nat Immunol 2002;3:1061-1068.
40. O'Leary JG, Goodarzi M, Drayton DL, and von Andrian UH: T cell- and B cell-independent adaptive immunity mediated by natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 2006;7:507-516.
41. Oxenius A: Residual HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell frequencies after prolonged antiretroviral therapy reflect pretreatment plasma virus load. AIDS 2002;16:2317-2322.
42. Peretz Y, et al.: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific γ interferon secretion directed against all expressed HIV genes: Relationship to rate of CD4 decline. J Virol 2005;79:4908-4917.
43. Platt EJ, Durnin JP, and Kabat D: Kinetic factors control efficiencies of cell entry, efficacies of entry inhibitors, and mechanisms of adaptation of human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 2005;79:4347-4356.
44. Qi Y, et al.: KIR/HLA pleiotropism: Protection against both HIV and opportunistic infections. PLoS Pathog 2006;2:e79.
45. Rodés B, et al.: Differences in disease progression in a cohort of long-term non-progressors after more than 16 years of HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2004;18:1109-1116.
46. + T cell compartment. J Immunol 2003;170:4403-4410.
47. + lymphocytes. Science 1999;283:857-860.
48. + T lymphocyte turnover and activation increase upon viral rebound. J Clin Invest 2005;115:443-450.
49. Towers GJ: Control of viral infectivity by tripartite motif proteins. Hum Gene Ther 2005;16:1125-1132.
50. + T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction. Nat Med 2006;12:1198-1202.
51. + T cell maturation state: Potential implications for therapeutic immunization. J Infect Dis 2003;187:364-374.
52. Van Gulck E, et al.: Efficient stimulation of HIV-1-specific T cells using dendritic cells electroporated with mRNA encoding autologous HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins. Blood 2006;107:1818-1827.
53. Ward JP, Bonaparte MI, and Barker E: HLA-C and HLAE reduce antibody-dependent natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity of HIV infected primary T cell blasts. AIDS 2004;18:1769-1779.
54. Wassef NM, Young J, and Miller R: Viral reservoirs/transient infection in HIV/AIDS: Where are we now and where should we go? Summary of the June 13-14, 2002 Think Tank Meeting. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2003;19:333-344.
55. Zhou T, et al.: Structural definition of a conserved neutralization epitope on HIV-1 gp120. Nature 2007;445:732-737.