The continuing challenge of ESBLs

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 459-469

  Perez, Federico ^a   Endimiani, Andrea ^b,c   Hujer, Kristine M ^c   Bonomo, Robert A ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF CLEVELAND   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c LOUIS STOKES CLEVELAND VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMPICILLIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; AZTREONAM; BACTERIAL ENZYME; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE; CARBAPENEMASE; CARBENICILLIN; CEFEPIME; CEFOTAXIME; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CEPHAMYCIN DERIVATIVE; CILASTATIN PLUS IMIPENEM; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLAVULANIC ACID; CLOXACILLIN; COLISTIN; EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE; FOSFOMYCIN; MONOBACTAM; OXACILLIN; PIPERACILLIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; SULBACTAM; SULFONAMIDE; TAZOBACTAM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ENZYME ACTIVE SITE; ENZYME ANALYSIS; ENZYME STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; LABORATORY TEST; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MONOTHERAPY; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; URINARY TRACT INFECTION;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BETA-LACTAMASES; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE INFECTIONS; HUMANS;

EID: 35248878681     PISSN: 14714892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2007.08.003     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Bush K. The impact of beta-lactamases on the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 3 (2002) 1284-1290
2. Massova I., and Mobashery S. Kinship and diversification of bacterial penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42 (1998) 1-17
3. Medeiros A.A. Evolution and dissemination of beta-lactamases accelerated by generations of beta-lactam antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis 24 Suppl 1 (1997) S19-S45
4. Jacoby G.A., and Medeiros A.A. More extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35 (1991) 1697-1704
5. Philippon A., Labia R., and Jacoby G. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33 (1989) 1131-1136
6. Knox J.R. Extended-spectrum and inhibitor-resistant TEM-type beta-lactamases: mutations, specificity, and three-dimensional structure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 (1995) 2593-2601
7. Bush K., Jacoby G.A., and Medeiros A.A. A functional classification scheme for beta-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 (1995) 1211-1233
8. Paterson D.L., and Bonomo R.A. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev 18 (2005) 657-686
9. Ambler R.P., Coulson A.F., Frere J.M., Ghuysen J.M., Joris B., Forsman M., Levesque R.C., Tiraby G., and Waley S.G. A standard numbering scheme for the class A beta-lactamases. Biochem J 276 Pt 1 (1991) 269-270
10. Bradford P.A. Extend-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev 14 (2001) 933-951
11. Livermore D.M., Canton R., Gniadkowski M., Nordmann P., Rossolini G.M., Arlet G., Ayala J., Coque T.M., Kern-Zdanowicz I., Luzzaro F., et al. CTX-M: changing the face of ESBLs in Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother 59 (2007) 165-174. This paper provides a detailed description of the shift in the epidemiology of ESBLs within Europe, from predominant TEM and SHV-type enzymes among nosocomial isolates to epidemics of E. coli harboring CTX-M ESBLs in community patients.
12. Bonnet R. Growing group of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: the CTX-M enzymes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 (2004) 1-14
13. Canton R., and Coque T.M. The CTX-M beta-lactamase pandemic. Curr Opin Microbiol 9 (2006) 466-475
14. Luzzaro F., Mezzatesta M., Mugnaioli C., Perilli M., Stefani S., Amicosante G., Rossolini G.M., and Toniolo A. Trends in production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteria of medical interest: report of the second Italian nationwide survey. J Clin Microbiol 44 (2006) 1659-1664
15. Quinteros M., Radice M., Gardella N., Rodriguez M.M., Costa N., Korbenfeld D., Couto E., and Gutkind G. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in Buenos Aires, Argentina, public hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 (2003) 2864-2867
16. Lartigue M., Fortineau N., and Nordmann P. Spread of novel expanded-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital in the Paris area, France. Clin Microbiol Infect 11 (2005) 588-591
17. Queenan A., and Bush K. Carbapenemases: the versatile beta-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev 20 (2007) 440-458. This paper comprehensively reviews this emerging threat. It summarizes the characteristics, epidemiology, and detection of the carbapenemases, including KPC.
18. Pitout J.D., Church D.L., Gregson D.B., Chow B.L., McCracken M., Mulvey M.R., and Laupland K.B. Molecular epidemiology of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli in the Calgary Health Region: emergence of CTX-M-15-producing isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 (2007) 1281-1286. This paper takes advantage of the wealth of information available to a central laboratory in Canada serving a large metropolitan area. Describes the dynamic nature of CTX-M expansion in the community.
19. Pitout J.D., Nordmann P., Laupland K.B., and Poirel L. Emergence of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in the community. J Antimicrob Chemother 56 (2005) 52-59
20. Livermore D.M., and Hawkey P.M. CTX-M: changing the face of ESBLs in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 56 (2005) 451-454
21. Brigante G., Luzzaro F., Perilli M., Lombardi G., Coli A., Rossolini G.M., Amicosante G., and Toniolo A. Evolution of CTX-M-type beta-lactamases in isolates of Escherichia coli infecting hospital and community patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 25 (2005) 157-162
22. Mugnaioli C., Luzzaro F., De Luca F., Brigante G., Perilli M., Amicosante G., Stefani S., Toniolo A., and Rossolini G.M. CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Italy: molecular epidemiology of an emerging countrywide problem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 (2006) 2700-2706
23. Mendonca N., Leitao J., Manageiro V., Ferreira E., and Canica M. Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 (2007) 1946-1955
24. Lavigne J.P., Marchandin H., Delmas J., Moreau J., Bouziges N., Lecaillon E., Cavalie L., Jean-Pierre H., Bonnet R., and Sotto A. CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in French hospitals: prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and risk factors. J Clin Microbiol 45 (2007) 620-626
25. Oteo J., Navarro C., Cercenado E., Delgado-Iribarren A., Wilhelmi I., Orden B., Garcia C., Miguelanez S., Perez-Vazquez M., Garcia-Cobos S., et al. Spread of Escherichia coli strains with high-level cefotaxime and ceftazidime resistance between the community, long-term care facilities, and hospital institutions. J Clin Microbiol 44 (2006) 2359-2366
26. Rodriguez-Bano J., Navarro M.D., Romero L., Martinez-Martinez L., Muniain M.A., Perea E.J., Perez-Cano R., and Pascual A. Epidemiology and clinical features of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in nonhospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol 42 (2004) 1089-1094
27. Hernandez J.R., Martinez-Martinez L., Canton R., Coque T.M., and Pascual A. Nationwide study of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 (2005) 2122-2125
28. Velasco C., Romero L., Martinez J.M., Rodriguez-Bano J., and Pascual A. Analysis of plasmids encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) from Escherichia coli isolated from non-hospitalised patients in Seville. Int J Antimicrob Agents 29 (2007) 89-92
29. Ho P.L., Poon W.W., Loke S.L., Leung M.S., Chow K.H., Wong R.C., Yip K.S., Lai E.L., and Tsang K.W. Community emergence of CTX-M type extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases among urinary Escherichia coli from women. J Antimicrob Chemother 60 (2007) 140-144
30. Minarini L.A., Gales A.C., Palazzo I.C., and Darini A.L. Prevalence of community-occurring extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Brazil. Curr Microbiol 54 (2007) 335-341
31. Pallecchi L, Bartoloni A, Fiorelli C, Mantella A, Di Maggio T, Gamboa H, Gotuzzo E, Kronvall G, Paradisi F, Rossolini GM: Rapid dissemination and diversity of CTX-M extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase genes in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy children from low-resource settings of Latin America. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007. The investigators study the presence of CTX-M ESBLs among commensal E. coli strains found in Peruvian and Bolivian children, healthy and from remote areas presumably isolated from the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. They demonstrate the presence of a new variant of CTX-M-2 and report the new fluoroquinolone resistance gene aac(6′)-Ib-cr for the first time in South America.
32. Wiener J., Quinn J.P., Bradford P.A., Goering R.V., Nathan C., Bush K., and Weinstein R.A. Multiple antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella and Escherichia coli in nursing homes. JAMA 281 (1999) 517-523
33. Arpin C., Dubois V., Maugein J., Jullin J., Dutilh B., Brochet J.P., Larribet G., Fischer I., and Quentin C. Clinical and molecular analysis of extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase-producing enterobacteria in the community setting. J Clin Microbiol 43 (2005) 5048-5054
34. Calbo E., Romani V., Xercavins M., Gomez L., Vidal C.G., Quintana S., Vila J., and Garau J. Risk factors for community-onset urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli harbouring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother 57 (2006) 780-783
35. Colodner R., Rock W., Chazan B., Keller N., Guy N., Sakran W., and Raz R. Risk factors for the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in nonhospitalized patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23 (2004) 163-167
36. Woodford N., Ward M.E., Kaufmann M.E., Turton J., Fagan E.J., James D., Johnson A.P., Pike R., Warner M., Cheasty T., et al. Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 54 (2004) 735-743
37. Ben-Ami R., Schwaber M.J., Navon-Venezia S., Schwartz D., Giladi M., Chmelnitsky I., Leavitt A., and Carmeli Y. Influx of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae into the hospital. Clin Infect Dis 42 (2006) 925-934
38. Helfand M.S., and Bonomo R.A. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli: changing the therapy for hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. Clin Infect Dis 43 (2006) 1415-1416
39. Rodriguez-Bano J., Navarro M.D., Romero L., Muniain M.A., de Cueto M., Rios M.J., Hernandez J.R., and Pascual A. Bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in the CTX-M era: a new clinical challenge. Clin Infect Dis 43 (2006) 1407-1414
40. Rodriguez-Bano J., Navarro M.D., Romero L., Muniain M.A., Perea E.J., Perez-Cano R., Hernandez J.R., and Pascual A. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli as a cause of nosocomial infection or colonization: implications for control. Clin Infect Dis 42 (2006) 37-45
41. Duan R.S., Sit T.H., Wong S.S., Wong R.C., Chow K.H., Mak G.C., Yam W.C., Ng L.T., Yuen K.Y., and Ho P.L. Escherichia coli producing CTX-M beta-lactamases in food animals in Hong Kong. Microb Drug Resist 12 (2006) 145-148
42. Mesa R.J., Blanc V., Blanch A.R., Cortes P., Gonzalez J.J., Lavilla S., Miro E., Muniesa M., Saco M., Tortola M.T., et al. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different environments (humans, food, animal farms and sewage). J Antimicrob Chemother 58 (2006) 211-215
43. Meunier D., Jouy E., Lazizzera C., Kobisch M., and Madec J.Y. CTX-M-1- and CTX-M-15-type beta-lactamases in clinical Escherichia coli isolates recovered from food-producing animals in France. Int J Antimicrob Agents 28 (2006) 402-407
44. D'Costa V.M., McGrann K.M., Hughes D.W., and Wright G.D. Sampling the antibiotic resistome. Science 311 (2006) 374-377
45. Wright G.D. The antibiotic resistome: the nexus of chemical and genetic diversity. Nat Rev Microbiol 5 (2007) 175-186. Very compelling data revealing the evolution of resistant microorganisms in the environment.
46. Ibuka A., Taguchi A., Ishiguro M., Fushinobu S., Ishii Y., Kamitori S., Okuyama K., Yamaguchi K., Konno M., and Matsuzawa H. Crystal structure of the E166A mutant of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1 at 1.8 Å resolution. J Mol Biol 285 (1999) 2079-2087
47. Ibuka A.S., Ishii Y., Galleni M., Ishiguro M., Yamaguchi K., Frere J.M., Matsuzawa H., and Sakai H. Crystal structure of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1: insights into the molecular mechanism for catalytic reaction and substrate specificity expansion. Biochemistry 42 (2003) 10634-10643
48. Shimamura T., Ibuka A., Fushinobu S., Wakagi T., Ishiguro M., Ishii Y., and Matsuzawa H. Acyl-intermediate structures of the extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase, Toho-1, in complex with cefotaxime, cephalothin, and benzylpenicillin. J Biol Chem 277 (2002) 46601-46608
49. Orencia M.C., Yoon J.S., Ness J.E., Stemmer W.P., and Stevens R.C. Predicting the emergence of antibiotic resistance by directed evolution and structural analysis. Nat Struct Biol 8 (2001) 238-242
50. Wang X., Minasov G., Blazquez J., Caselli E., Prati F., and Shoichet B.K. Recognition and resistance in TEM beta-lactamase. Biochemistry 42 (2003) 8434-8444
51. Nukaga M., Mayama K., Hujer A.M., Bonomo R.A., and Knox J.R. Ultrahigh resolution structure of a class A beta-lactamase: on the mechanism and specificity of the extended-spectrum SHV-2 enzyme. J Mol Biol 328 (2003) 289-301
52. Tranier S., Bouthors A.T., Maveyraud L., Guillet V., Sougakoff W., and Samana J.P. The high resolution crystal structure for class A beta-lactamase PER-1 reveals the bases for its increase in breadth of activity. J Biol Chem 275 (2000) 28075-28082
53. Ke W., Bethel C.R., Thomson J.M., Bonomo R.A., and van den Akker F. Crystal structure of KPC-2: insights into carbapenemase activity in class A beta-lactamases. Biochemistry 46 (2007) 5732-5740. This paper describes the molecular structure of these emerging ESBL and illustrates how changes in the active sites of the enzyme allow for the access of bulkier substrates such as carbapenems.
54. Fisher J.F., Meroueh S.O., and Mobashery S. Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: compelling opportunism, compelling opportunity. Chem Rev 105 (2005) 395-424
55. Hujer A.M., Hujer K.M., and Bonomo R.A. Mutagenesis of amino acid residues in the SHV-1 beta-lactamase: the premier role of Gly238Ser in penicillin and cephalosporin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1547 (2001) 37-50
56. Hujer A.M., Hujer K.M., Helfand M.S., Anderson V.E., and Bonomo R.A. Amino acid substitutions at Ambler position Gly238 in the SHV-1 beta-lactamase: exploring sequence requirements for resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 (2002) 3971-3977
57. Raquet X., Lamotte-Brasseur J., Fonze E., Goussard S., Courvalin P., and Frere J.M. TEM beta-lactamase mutants hydrolysing third-generation cephalosporins. A kinetic and molecular modelling analysis. J Mol Biol 244 (1994) 625-639
58. Raquet X., Vanhove M., Lamotte-Brasseur J., Goussard S., Courvalin P., and Frere J.M. Stability of TEM beta-lactamase mutants hydrolyzing third generation cephalosporins. Proteins 23 (1995) 63-72
59. Cantu III C., Huang W., and Palzkill T. Cephalosporin substrate specificity determinants of TEM-1 beta-lactamase. J Biol Chem 272 (1997) 29144-29150
60. Huang W., Petrosino J., Hirsch M., Shenkin P.S., and Palzkill T. Amino acid sequence determinants of beta-lactamase structure and activity. J Mol Biol 258 (1996) 688-703
61. Venkatachalam K.V., Huang W., LaRocco M., and Palzkill T. Characterization of TEM-1 beta-lactamase mutants from positions 238 to 241 with increased catalytic efficiency for ceftazidime. J Biol Chem 269 (1994) 23444-23450
62. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Methods. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: seventeenth informational supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, Wayne, PA. CLSI document; 2007:M100-S17.
63. Tenover F.C., Mohammed M.J., Gorton T.S., and Dembek Z.F. Detection and reporting of organisms producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: survey of laboratories in Connecticut. J Clin Microbiol 37 (1999) 4065-4070
64. Livermore D.M., and Yuan M. Antibiotic resistance and production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases amongst Klebsiella spp. from intensive care units in Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother 38 (1996) 409-424
65. Luzzaro F., Gesu G., Endimiani A., Ortisi G., Malandrin S., Pagani L., and Rossolini G.M. Performance in detection and reporting beta-lactam resistance phenotypes in Enterobacteriaceae: a nationwide proficiency study in Italian laboratories. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 55 (2006) 311-318
66. Carter M.W., Oakton K.J., Warner M., and Livermore D.M. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in klebsiellae with the Oxoid combination disk method. J Clin Microbiol 38 (2000) 4228-4232
67. Wiegand I., Geiss H.K., Mack D., Sturenburg E., and Seifert H. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae by use of semiautomated microbiology systems and manual detection procedures. J Clin Microbiol 45 (2007) 1167-1174. This paper investigates the performance characteristics of automated systems for the detection of ESBLs.
68. Liu C.P., Wang N.Y., Lee C.M., Weng L.C., Tseng H.K., Liu C.W., Chiang C.S., and Huang F.Y. Nosocomial and community-acquired Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infection: risk factors for and prevalence of SHV-12 in multiresistant isolates in a medical centre. J Hosp Infect 58 (2004) 63-77
69. Manzur A, Tubau F, Pujol M, Calatayud L, Dominguez MA, Pena C, Sora M, Gudiol F, Ariza J: Nosocomial outbreak due to extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing Enterobacter cloacae in a Cardio-Thoracic Intensive Care Unit. J Clin Microbiol 2007.
70. Hanson N.D. AmpC beta-lactamases: what do we need to know for the future?. J Antimicrob Chemother 52 (2003) 2-4
71. Schwaber M.J., Raney P.M., Rasheed J.K., Biddle J.W., Williams P., McGowan Jr. J.E., and Tenover F.C. Utility of NCCLS guidelines for identifying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in non-Escherichia coli and non-Klebsiella spp. of Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol 42 (2004) 294-298
72. Tzelepi E., Giakkoupi P., Sofianou D., Loukova V., Kemeroglou A., and Tsakris A. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes. J Clin Microbiol 38 (2000) 542-546
73. Sturenburg E., Sobottka I., Noor D., Laufs R., and Mack D. Evaluation of a new cefepime-clavulanate ESBL Etest to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in an Enterobacteriaceae strain collection. J Antimicrob Chemother 54 (2004) 134-138
74. Wong-Beringer A., Hindler J., Loeloff M., Queenan A.M., Lee N., Pegues D.A., Quinn J.P., and Bush K. Molecular correlation for the treatment outcomes in bloodstream infections caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime. Clin Infect Dis 34 (2002) 135-146
75. Endimiani A., Luzzaro F., Brigante G., Perilli M., Lombardi G., Amicosante G., Rossolini G.M., and Toniolo A. Proteus mirabilis bloodstream infections: risk factors and treatment outcome related to the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 (2005) 2598-2605
76. Tumbarello M., Spanu T., Sanguinetti M., Citton R., Montuori E., Leone F., Fadda G., and Cauda R. Bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and clinical outcome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 (2006) 498-504. This is a recent study that identifies the characteristics of infections with ESBL-producing organisms.
77. Ho P.L., Chan W.M., Tsang K.W., Wong S.S., and Young K. Bacteremia caused by Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase: a case-control study of risk factors and outcomes. Scand J Infect Dis 34 (2002) 567-573
78. Kim Y.K., Pai H., Lee H.J., Park S.E., Choi E.H., Kim J., Kim J.H., and Kim E.C. Bloodstream infections by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in children: epidemiology and clinical outcome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 (2002) 1481-1491
79. Marra A.R., Wey S.B., Castelo A., Gates A.C., Cal R.G., do Carmo Filho J.R., Edmond M.B., and Pereira C.A. Nosocomial bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: impact of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production on clinical outcome in a hospital with high ESBL prevalence. BMC Infect Dis 6 (2006) 24
80. Paterson D.L., Ko W.C., Von Gottberg A., Mohapatra S., Casellas J.M., Goossens H., Mulazimoglu L., Trenholme G., Klugman K.P., Bonomo R.A., et al. Antibiotic therapy for Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia: implications of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Clin Infect Dis 39 (2004) 31-37
81. Paterson D.L., Ko W.C., Von Gottberg A., Casellas J.M., Mulazimoglu L., Klugman K.P., Bonomo R.A., Rice L.B., McCormack J.G., and Yu V.L. Outcome of cephalosporin treatment for serious infections due to apparently susceptible organisms producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: implications for the clinical microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 39 (2001) 2206-2212
82. Kotapati S., Kuti J.L., Nightingale C.H., and Nicolau D.P. Clinical implications of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli on cefepime effectiveness. J Infect 51 (2005) 211-217
83. LaBombardi V.J.R.A., and Tran K. Use of cefepime for the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 56 (2006) 313-315
84. Zanetti G., Bally F., Greub G., Garbino J., Kinge T., Lew D., Romand J.A., Bille J., Aymon D., Stratchounski L., et al. Cefepime versus imipenem-cilastatin for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, evaluator-blind, prospective, randomized study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 (2003) 3442-3447
85. Goethaert K., Van Looveren M., Lammens C., Jansens H., Baraniak A., Gniadkowski M., Van Herck K., Jorens P.G., Demey H.E., Ieven M., Bossaert L., and Goossens H. High-dose cefepime as an alternative treatment for infections caused by TEM-24 ESBL-producing Enterobacter aerogenes in severely-ill patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 12 (2006) 56-62
86. Ambrose P.G., Bhavnani S.M., and Jones R.N. Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: report from the ARREST program. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 (2003) 1643-1646
87. Bhavnani S.M., Ambrose P.G., Craig W.A., Dudley M.N., and Jones R.N. Outcomes evaluation of patients with ESBL- and non-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species as defined by CLSI reference methods: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 54 (2006) 231-236
88. Gavin P.J., Suseno M.T., Thomson Jr. R.B., Gaydos J.M., Pierson C.L., Halstead D.C., Aslanzadeh J., Brecher S., Rotstein C., Brossette S.E., et al. Clinical correlation of the CLSI susceptibility breakpoint for piperacillin-tazobactam against extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 (2006) 2244-2247
89. Hirakata Y., Matsuda J., Miyazaki Y., Kamihira S., Kawakami S., Miyazawa Y., Ono Y., Nakazaki N., Hirata Y., Inoue M., et al. Regional variation in the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates in the Asia-Pacific region (SENTRY 1998-2002). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 52 (2005) 323-329
90. Sader H.S., Hsiung A., Fritsche T.R., and Jones R.N. Comparative activities of cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam tested against a global collection of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. with an ESBL phenotype. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 57 (2007) 341-344
91. Goossens H., and Grabein B. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility data for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae from the MYSTIC Program in Europe and the United States (1997-2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 53 (2005) 257-264
92. Wong-Beringer A. Therapeutic challenges associated with extended-spectrum, beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pharmacotherapy 21 (2001) 583-592
93. Paterson D.L., Mulazimoglu L., Casellas J.M., Ko W.C., Goossens H., Von Gottberg A., Mohapatra S., Trenholme G.M., Klugman K.P., McCormack J.G., et al. Epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance and its relationship to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 30 (2000) 473-478
94. Morosini M.I., Garcia-Castillo M., Coque T.M., Valverde A., Novais A., Loza E., Baquero F., and Canton R. Antibiotic coresistance in extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and in vitro activity of tigecycline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 (2006) 2695-2699
95. Hope R., Warner M., Potz N.A., Fagan E.J., James D., and Livermore D.M. Activity of tigecycline against ESBL-producing and AmpC-hyperproducing Enterobacteriaceae from south-east England. J Antimicrob Chemother 58 (2006) 1312-1314
96. de Cueto M., Lopez L., Hernandez J.R., Morillo C., and Pascual A. In vitro activity of fosfomycin against extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: comparison of susceptibility testing procedures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 (2006) 368-370
97. Pullukcu H., Tasbakan M., Sipahi O.R., Yamazhan T., Aydemir S., and Ulusoy S. Fosfomycin in the treatment of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli-related lower urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 29 (2007) 62-65. Investigation of a very appealing therapeutic option for this difficult to treat infections that could result in less use of carbapenems.
98. Li J., Nation R.L., Turnidge J.D., Milne R.W., Coulthard K., Rayner C.R., and Paterson D.L. Colistin: the re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Lancet Infect Dis 6 (2006) 589-601. A comprehensive review that corrects many common misconceptions of the pharmacologic characteristics of colistin.
99. Bratu S., Landman D., Haag R., Recco R., Eramo A., Alam M., and Quale J. Rapid spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in New York City: a new threat to our antibiotic armamentarium. Arch Intern Med 165 (2005) 1430-1435
100. Falagas M.E., and Rafailidis P.I. When to include polymyxins in the empirical antibiotic regimen in critically ill patients with fever? A decision analysis approach. Shock 27 (2007) 605-609