메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 330-337

Valproate-induced hyperammonaemic encephalopathy: Review of 14 cases in the psychiatric setting

Author keywords

Astrocytes; Carnitine; Encephalopathy; Glutamine; Hyperammonaemia; Urea cycle disorders; Valproate

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; AMMONIA; BENZATROPINE; BIPERIDEN; CARNITINE; CLOMIPRAMINE; CLONAZEPAM; CLONIDINE; DOXEPIN; FLUPENTIXOL; GEMFIBROZIL; HALOPERIDOL; IBUPROFEN; LAMOTRIGINE; LIOTHYRONINE; LITHIUM; LORAZEPAM; MECLOZINE; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; SERTRALINE; TEMAZEPAM; THIORIDAZINE; THYROXINE; TRANYLCYPROMINE; TRIMIPRAMINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; VENLAFAXINE;

EID: 34948897998     PISSN: 02681315     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e3281c61b28     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (69)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0034787976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperammonemia and coma without hepatic dysfunction induced by valproate therapy
    • Barrueto F, Hack JB (2001). Hyperammonemia and coma without hepatic dysfunction induced by valproate therapy. Acad Emerg Med 8:999-1001.
    • (2001) Acad Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 999-1001
    • Barrueto, F.1    Hack, J.B.2
  • 2
    • 0020082461 scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced hyperammonemia
    • Batshaw ML, Brusilow SW (1982). Valproate-induced hyperammonemia. Ann Neurol 11:319-321.
    • (1982) Ann Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 319-321
    • Batshaw, M.L.1    Brusilow, S.W.2
  • 3
    • 0031868351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant progression of demyelinating disease after valproate-induced encephalopathy
    • Blindauer KA, Harrington G, Morris GL, Ho KC (1998). Fulminant progression of demyelinating disease after valproate-induced encephalopathy. Neurology 51:292-295.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 292-295
    • Blindauer, K.A.1    Harrington, G.2    Morris, G.L.3    Ho, K.C.4
  • 4
    • 0033652140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late onset heterozygous ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency mimicking complex partial status epilepticus
    • Bogdanovic MD, Kidd D, Briddon A, Duncan JS, Land JM (2000). Late onset heterozygous ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency mimicking complex partial status epilepticus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 69:813-815.
    • (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 813-815
    • Bogdanovic, M.D.1    Kidd, D.2    Briddon, A.3    Duncan, J.S.4    Land, J.M.5
  • 6
    • 0036256827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperammonemic encephalopathy
    • Brusilow SW (2002). Hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Medicine 81:240-249.
    • (2002) Medicine , vol.81 , pp. 240-249
    • Brusilow, S.W.1
  • 7
    • 0031879678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hyperammonaemia on brain function
    • Butterworth RF (1998). Effects of hyperammonaemia on brain function. J Inher Metab Dis 21:S6-S20.
    • (1998) J Inher Metab Dis , vol.21
    • Butterworth, R.F.1
  • 8
    • 0036096430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate transporters in hyperammonemia
    • Butterworth RF (2002). Glutamate transporters in hyperammonemia. Neurochem Int 41:81-85.
    • (2002) Neurochem Int , vol.41 , pp. 81-85
    • Butterworth, R.F.1
  • 9
    • 0035181229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of glutamine in cerebral nitrogen metabolism and ammonia neurotoxicity
    • Cooper AJL (2001). Role of glutamine in cerebral nitrogen metabolism and ammonia neurotoxicity. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 7:280-286.
    • (2001) Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev , vol.7 , pp. 280-286
    • Cooper, A.J.L.1
  • 10
    • 0023277382 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia
    • Cooper AJL, Plum F (1987). Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia. Physiol Rev 67:440-519.
    • (1987) Physiol Rev , vol.67 , pp. 440-519
    • Cooper, A.J.L.1    Plum, F.2
  • 11
    • 33646162644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma free carnitine in epilepsy children, adolescents and young adults treated with old and new antiepileptic drugs with or without ketogenic diet
    • Coppola G, Epifanio G, Auricchio G, Federico RR, Resicato G, Pascotto A (2006). Plasma free carnitine in epilepsy children, adolescents and young adults treated with old and new antiepileptic drugs with or without ketogenic diet. Brain Dev 28:358-365.
    • (2006) Brain Dev , vol.28 , pp. 358-365
    • Coppola, G.1    Epifanio, G.2    Auricchio, G.3    Federico, R.R.4    Resicato, G.5    Pascotto, A.6
  • 12
    • 0018847958 scopus 로고
    • Secondary hyperammonaemia: A possible mechanism for valproate encephalopathy
    • Coulter DL, Allen RJ (1980). Secondary hyperammonaemia: a possible mechanism for valproate encephalopathy. Lancet 1:1310-1311.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1310-1311
    • Coulter, D.L.1    Allen, R.J.2
  • 14
    • 3242690866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and tolerability of valproate
    • DeVane CL (2003). Pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and tolerability of valproate. Psychopharmacol Bull 37:S25-S42.
    • (2003) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.37
    • DeVane, C.L.1
  • 15
    • 0043270626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia induced encephalopathy from valproic acid in a bipolar patient: Case report
    • Elgudin L, Hall Y, Schubert D (2003). Ammonia induced encephalopathy from valproic acid in a bipolar patient: case report. Int J Psychiatry Med 33:91-96.
    • (2003) Int J Psychiatry Med , vol.33 , pp. 91-96
    • Elgudin, L.1    Hall, Y.2    Schubert, D.3
  • 17
    • 23044515774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute valproate poisoning. Pharmacokinetics, alteration in fatty acid metabolism, and changes during therapy
    • Eyer F, Felgenhauer N, Gempel K, Steimer W, Gerbitz KD, Zilker T (2005). Acute valproate poisoning. Pharmacokinetics, alteration in fatty acid metabolism, and changes during therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 25:376-380.
    • (2005) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 376-380
    • Eyer, F.1    Felgenhauer, N.2    Gempel, K.3    Steimer, W.4    Gerbitz, K.D.5    Zilker, T.6
  • 18
    • 0031666984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperammonemia and coma developed by a woman treated with valproic acid for affective disorder
    • Eze E, Workman M, Donley B (1998). Hyperammonemia and coma developed by a woman treated with valproic acid for affective disorder. Psychiatr Serv 49:1358-1359.
    • (1998) Psychiatr Serv , vol.49 , pp. 1358-1359
    • Eze, E.1    Workman, M.2    Donley, B.3
  • 19
    • 33747075378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid induced encephalopathy-19 new cases in Germany from 1994 to 2003-A side effect associated to valproate therapy not only in young children
    • Gerstner T, Buesing D, Longin E, Bendl C, Wenzel D, Scheid B, et al. (2006). Valproic acid induced encephalopathy-19 new cases in Germany from 1994 to 2003-A side effect associated to valproate therapy not only in young children. Seizure 15:443-448.
    • (2006) Seizure , vol.15 , pp. 443-448
    • Gerstner, T.1    Buesing, D.2    Longin, E.3    Bendl, C.4    Wenzel, D.5    Scheid, B.6
  • 20
    • 33744537598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and future applications of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Grover VPB, Dresner MA, Forton DM, Counsell S, Larkman DJ, Patel N, et al. (2006). Current and future applications of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy. World J Gatroenterol 12:2969-2978.
    • (2006) World J Gatroenterol , vol.12 , pp. 2969-2978
    • Grover, V.P.B.1    Dresner, M.A.2    Forton, D.M.3    Counsell, S.4    Larkman, D.J.5    Patel, N.6
  • 21
    • 9244240339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: Imaging findings on diffusion-weighted MRI
    • Grubben B, De Jonghe P, Cras P, Demey HE, Parizel PM (2004). Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: imaging findings on diffusion-weighted MRI. Eur Neurol 52:178-181.
    • (2004) Eur Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 178-181
    • Grubben, B.1    De Jonghe, P.2    Cras, P.3    Demey, H.E.4    Parizel, P.M.5
  • 22
    • 0033985895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the presence of topiramate
    • Hamer HM, Knake S, Schomburg U, Rosenow F (2000). Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the presence of topiramate. Neurology 54:230-232.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 230-232
    • Hamer, H.M.1    Knake, S.2    Schomburg, U.3    Rosenow, F.4
  • 23
    • 0343238857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: A clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema?
    • Häussinger D, Kircheis G, Fischer R, Schliess F, vom Dahl S (2000). Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema? J Hepatol 32:1035-1038.
    • (2000) J Hepatol , vol.32 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Häussinger, D.1    Kircheis, G.2    Fischer, R.3    Schliess, F.4    vom Dahl, S.5
  • 24
    • 34948863715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heimberger T (2002). Depakote/Depakene/Depacon (divalproex sodium/valproic acid/valproate sodium). Important drug warning. Abbott Pharmaceutical Division. Safety alerts for drugs, biologics, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Food and Drug Administration www.fda.gov/medwatch/SAFETY/2002/depakote_deardoc.pdf (accessed 31 May 2006).
    • Heimberger T (2002). Depakote/Depakene/Depacon (divalproex sodium/valproic acid/valproate sodium). Important drug warning. Abbott Pharmaceutical Division. Safety alerts for drugs, biologics, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Food and Drug Administration www.fda.gov/medwatch/SAFETY/2002/depakote_deardoc.pdf (accessed 31 May 2006).
  • 26
    • 0030571874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamotrigine encephalopathy
    • Hennessy MJ, Wiles CM (1996). Lamotrigine encephalopathy. Lancet 347:974-975.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 974-975
    • Hennessy, M.J.1    Wiles, C.M.2
  • 27
    • 0026723977 scopus 로고
    • Heterozygote ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency presenting as symptomatic hyperammonemia during initiation of valproate therapy
    • Honeycutt D, Callahan K, Rutledge L, Evans B (1992). Heterozygote ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency presenting as symptomatic hyperammonemia during initiation of valproate therapy. Neurology 42:666-668.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 666-668
    • Honeycutt, D.1    Callahan, K.2    Rutledge, L.3    Evans, B.4
  • 28
    • 0027531561 scopus 로고
    • Carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency in an adult: Deterioration due to administration of valproic acid
    • Horiuchi M, Imamura Y, Nakamura N, Maruyama I, Saheki T (1993). Carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency in an adult: deterioration due to administration of valproic acid. J Inherit Metab Dis 16:39-45.
    • (1993) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.16 , pp. 39-45
    • Horiuchi, M.1    Imamura, Y.2    Nakamura, N.3    Maruyama, I.4    Saheki, T.5
  • 29
    • 0023024205 scopus 로고
    • Valproate toxicity and ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency
    • Kay JDS, Hilton-Jones D, Hyman N (1986). Valproate toxicity and ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency. Lancet 2:1283-1284.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1283-1284
    • Kay, J.D.S.1    Hilton-Jones, D.2    Hyman, N.3
  • 30
    • 12144249177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy: A case report from the psychiatric setting
    • Kimmel RJ, Irwin SA, Meyer JM (2005). Valproic acid-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a case report from the psychiatric setting. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 20:57-58.
    • (2005) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 57-58
    • Kimmel, R.J.1    Irwin, S.A.2    Meyer, J.M.3
  • 33
    • 0029013250 scopus 로고
    • Valproate as a cause of hyperammonemia in heterozygotes with ornithine-transcarbamylase deficiency
    • Leão M (1995). Valproate as a cause of hyperammonemia in heterozygotes with ornithine-transcarbamylase deficiency. Neurology 45:593-594.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 593-594
    • Leão, M.1
  • 34
    • 27144539588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science review: Carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity. What is the evidence?
    • Lheureux PER, Penazola A, Zahir S, Gris M (2005). Science review: carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity. What is the evidence? Crit Care 9:431-440.
    • (2005) Crit Care , vol.9 , pp. 431-440
    • Lheureux, P.E.R.1    Penazola, A.2    Zahir, S.3    Gris, M.4
  • 35
    • 5444263019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood ammonia levels and hepatic encephalopathy
    • Lockwood AH (2004). Blood ammonia levels and hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 19:345-349.
    • (2004) Metab Brain Dis , vol.19 , pp. 345-349
    • Lockwood, A.H.1
  • 36
    • 19544380424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-carnitine was safely administered in the setting of valproate toxicity
    • LoVecchio F, Shriki J, Samaddar RL (2005). L-carnitine was safely administered in the setting of valproate toxicity. Am J Emerg Med 23:321-322.
    • (2005) Am J Emerg Med , vol.23 , pp. 321-322
    • LoVecchio, F.1    Shriki, J.2    Samaddar, R.L.3
  • 37
    • 0035226308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macritchie KAN, Geddes JR, Scott J, Haslam DRS, Goodwin GM (2007). Valproic acid, valproate and divalproex in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Cochrane database Syst Rev (1) 00075320-100000000-02124.
    • Macritchie KAN, Geddes JR, Scott J, Haslam DRS, Goodwin GM (2007). Valproic acid, valproate and divalproex in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Cochrane database Syst Rev (1) 00075320-100000000-02124.
  • 38
    • 0023838892 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic and renal contributions to valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia
    • Marini AM, Zaret BS, Beckner RR (1988). Hepatic and renal contributions to valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia. Neurology 38:365-371.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 365-371
    • Marini, A.M.1    Zaret, B.S.2    Beckner, R.R.3
  • 39
    • 19544377987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnitine levels in valproic acid-treated psychiatric patients: A cross-sectional study
    • Moreno FA, Macey H, Schreiber B (2005). Carnitine levels in valproic acid-treated psychiatric patients: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Psychiatry 66:555-558.
    • (2005) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 555-558
    • Moreno, F.A.1    Macey, H.2    Schreiber, B.3
  • 40
    • 0019994253 scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic hyperammonemia in patients receiving valproic acid
    • Murphy JV, Marquardt K (1982). Asymptomatic hyperammonemia in patients receiving valproic acid. Arch Neurol 39:591-592.
    • (1982) Arch Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 591-592
    • Murphy, J.V.1    Marquardt, K.2
  • 41
    • 0035000845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous side effects of both clozapine and valproate
    • Nicolai J, Smith SJ, Keunen RWM (2001). Simultaneous side effects of both clozapine and valproate. Intensive Care Med 27:943.
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 943
    • Nicolai, J.1    Smith, S.J.2    Keunen, R.W.M.3
  • 43
    • 0027902821 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological and neuroimaging aspects of latent hepatic encephalopathy (LHE)
    • O'Carroll R (1993). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging aspects of latent hepatic encephalopathy (LHE). Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 2:191-195.
    • (1993) Alcohol Alcohol Suppl , vol.2 , pp. 191-195
    • O'Carroll, R.1
  • 44
    • 0031924543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy after initiation of valproate therapy in unrecognised ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
    • Oechsner M, Steen C, Stürenburg HJ, Kohlshütter A (1998). Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy after initiation of valproate therapy in unrecognised ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64:680-682.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 680-682
    • Oechsner, M.1    Steen, C.2    Stürenburg, H.J.3    Kohlshütter, A.4
  • 45
    • 0019941501 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia associated with valproic acid therapy
    • Ohtani Y, Endo F, Matsuda I (1982). Carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia associated with valproic acid therapy. J Pediatr 101:782-785.
    • (1982) J Pediatr , vol.101 , pp. 782-785
    • Ohtani, Y.1    Endo, F.2    Matsuda, I.3
  • 46
  • 47
    • 0032832073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced hyperammonemia in the psychiatric setting: 2 cases
    • Panikkar GP, Gilman SM (1999). Valproate-induced hyperammonemia in the psychiatric setting: 2 cases. J Clin Psychiatry 60:557-559.
    • (1999) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 557-559
    • Panikkar, G.P.1    Gilman, S.M.2
  • 48
    • 0036401554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of valproate. A summary after 35 years of clinical experience
    • Perucca E (2002). Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of valproate. A summary after 35 years of clinical experience. CNS Drugs 16:695-714.
    • (2002) CNS Drugs , vol.16 , pp. 695-714
    • Perucca, E.1
  • 49
    • 0030835643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnitine for valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia
    • Raby WN (1997). Carnitine for valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia. Am J Psychiatry 154:1168-1169.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 1168-1169
    • Raby, W.N.1
  • 50
    • 0036896335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced hyperammonemia
    • Raja M, Azzoni A (2002). Valproate-induced hyperammonemia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 22:631-633.
    • (2002) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 631-633
    • Raja, M.1    Azzoni, A.2
  • 51
    • 0034018410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of carnitine supplementation during valproic acid therapy
    • Raskind JY, El-Chaar GM (2000). The role of carnitine supplementation during valproic acid therapy. Ann Pharmacother 34: 630-638.
    • (2000) Ann Pharmacother , vol.34 , pp. 630-638
    • Raskind, J.Y.1    El-Chaar, G.M.2
  • 52
    • 0023020031 scopus 로고
    • Hyperammomaemia and hepatotoxicity during chronic valproate therapy: Enhancement by combination with other antiepileptic drugs
    • Ratnaike RN, Schapel GJ, Rischbieth RHC, Hoffmann S (1986). Hyperammomaemia and hepatotoxicity during chronic valproate therapy: enhancement by combination with other antiepileptic drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 22:100-103.
    • (1986) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 100-103
    • Ratnaike, R.N.1    Schapel, G.J.2    Rischbieth, R.H.C.3    Hoffmann, S.4
  • 54
    • 16244376851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of Parkinsonian syndrome, cognitive impairment and hyperammonemia induced by divalproate sodium prescribed for bipolar disorder
    • Ricard C, Martin K, Tournier M, Begaud B, Verdoux H (2005). A case of Parkinsonian syndrome, cognitive impairment and hyperammonemia induced by divalproate sodium prescribed for bipolar disorder. Encephale 31:98-101.
    • (2005) Encephale , vol.31 , pp. 98-101
    • Ricard, C.1    Martin, K.2    Tournier, M.3    Begaud, B.4    Verdoux, H.5
  • 55
    • 0034183814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid in prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder. A case of valproate-induced encephalopathy
    • Rottach KG, Weiss-Brummer J, Wieland U, Schmauss M (2000). Valproic acid in prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder. A case of valproate-induced encephalopathy. Nervenarzt 71:401-403.
    • (2000) Nervenarzt , vol.71 , pp. 401-403
    • Rottach, K.G.1    Weiss-Brummer, J.2    Wieland, U.3    Schmauss, M.4
  • 57
    • 0029113387 scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid-associated encephalopathy with coma
    • Settle EC (1995). Valproic acid-associated encephalopathy with coma. Am J Psychiatry 152:1236-1237.
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 1236-1237
    • Settle, E.C.1
  • 59
    • 23444447297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of valproate-induced hyperammonemia
    • Stewart JT (2005). Treatment of valproate-induced hyperammonemia. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:1080.
    • (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.53 , pp. 1080
    • Stewart, J.T.1
  • 60
    • 0036443425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid toxicity: Overview and management
    • Sztajnkrycer MD (2002). Valproic acid toxicity: overview and management. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 40:789-801.
    • (2002) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.40 , pp. 789-801
    • Sztajnkrycer, M.D.1
  • 63
    • 0025783898 scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced lethal hyperammonaemic coma in a carrier of ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency
    • Tripp A, Coşkun T, Çataltepe Ş, Özalp İ (1991). Valproate-induced lethal hyperammonaemic coma in a carrier of ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency. J Inher Metab Dis 14:836-837.
    • (1991) J Inher Metab Dis , vol.14 , pp. 836-837
    • Tripp, A.1    Coşkun, T.2    Çataltepe, S.3    Özalp, I.4
  • 65
    • 0036652137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deepening coma in an epileptic patient: The missing link to the urea cycle
    • Vainstein G, Korzets Z, Pomeranz A, Gadot N (2002). Deepening coma in an epileptic patient: the missing link to the urea cycle. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17:1351-1353.
    • (2002) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.17 , pp. 1351-1353
    • Vainstein, G.1    Korzets, Z.2    Pomeranz, A.3    Gadot, N.4
  • 69
    • 0020987816 scopus 로고
    • Role of hyperammonemia in stuporous states induced by sodium valproate. [article in French]
    • Warter JM, Marescaux C, Rumbach L, Micheletti G, Chabrier G, Koehl C, et al. (1983). Role of hyperammonemia in stuporous states induced by sodium valproate. [article in French]. Rev Neurol 139:753-757.
    • (1983) Rev Neurol , vol.139 , pp. 753-757
    • Warter, J.M.1    Marescaux, C.2    Rumbach, L.3    Micheletti, G.4    Chabrier, G.5    Koehl, C.6
  • 73
    • 0036714730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced encephalopathy: Assessment with MR imaging and 1H MR spectroscopy
    • Ziyeh S, Thiel T, Spreer J, Klisch J, Schumacher M (2002). Valproate-induced encephalopathy: assessment with MR imaging and 1H MR spectroscopy. Epilepsia 43:1101-1105.
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , pp. 1101-1105
    • Ziyeh, S.1    Thiel, T.2    Spreer, J.3    Klisch, J.4    Schumacher, M.5
  • 74
    • 20544466584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on the role of brain glutamine synthesis and its relation to cell-specific energy metabolism in the hyperammonemic brain: Further studies using NMR spectroscopy
    • Zwingmann C, Butterworth R (2005). An update on the role of brain glutamine synthesis and its relation to cell-specific energy metabolism in the hyperammonemic brain: further studies using NMR spectroscopy. Neurochem Int 47:19-30.
    • (2005) Neurochem Int , vol.47 , pp. 19-30
    • Zwingmann, C.1    Butterworth, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.