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(d) Madeira Lau, R.; van Rantwijk, F.; Sheldon, K. R.; Sheldon, R. A. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 4189-4191.
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Sheldon, R.A.4
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(e) Litjens, M. J. J.; Straathof, A. J. J.; Jongejan, J. A.; Heijnen, J. J. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 12411-12418.
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Heijnen, J.J.4
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(f) Prasad, A. K.; Husain, M.; Singh, B. K.; Gupta, R. K.; Manchanda, V. K.; Olsen, C. E.; Parmar, V. S. Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 4511-4514.
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Prasad, A.K.1
Husain, M.2
Singh, B.K.3
Gupta, R.K.4
Manchanda, V.K.5
Olsen, C.E.6
Parmar, V.S.7
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(g) Tufvesson, P.; Annerling, A.; Hatti-kaul, R.; Adlereutz, D. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2006, 97, 447-453.
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Tufvesson, P.1
Annerling, A.2
Hatti-kaul, R.3
Adlereutz, D.4
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(h) Slotema, W. F.; Sandoval, G.; Guieysse, D.; Straathof, A. J. J.; Mary, A. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2003, 82, 664-669.
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Slotema, W.F.1
Sandoval, G.2
Guieysse, D.3
Straathof, A.J.J.4
Mary, A.5
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91
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34548853107
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The rate of CAL-B-catalyzed amidation of oleic acid with N-methylglucamine in organic solvents was reported to decrease at acid/amine ratios higher than 1, see: Maugard, T.; Remaud-Simeon, M.; Monsan, P. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1998, 16, 181-204.
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The rate of CAL-B-catalyzed amidation of oleic acid with N-methylglucamine in organic solvents was reported to decrease at acid/amine ratios higher than 1, see: Maugard, T.; Remaud-Simeon, M.; Monsan, P. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1998, 16, 181-204.
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92
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34548814961
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2O), a non-hydrogen bonding solvent, were made. This solvent was selected for its polar character (ε = 32), quite different from heptane (ε = 1.92). It led to very poor results, no conversion after 24 h in the presence of lauric acid, and amine ee was only 21% after 6 h in the presence of ethyl laurate. In this case, owing to the slow rate of conversion, ethyl methoxy acetate would be a better acylating agent than ethyl laurate (87% amine ee, 98% amide ee; 47% conversion (E = 270, after 24 h at 80°C).
-
2O), a non-hydrogen bonding solvent, were made. This solvent was selected for its polar character (ε = 32), quite different from heptane (ε = 1.92). It led to very poor results, no conversion after 24 h in the presence of lauric acid, and amine ee was only 21% after 6 h in the presence of ethyl laurate. In this case, owing to the slow rate of conversion, ethyl methoxy acetate would be a better acylating agent than ethyl laurate (87% amine ee, 98% amide ee; 47% conversion (E = 270, after 24 h at 80°C).
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93
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1842735631
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The rate of enzymatic acylation of chiral alcohols with fatty acids is also influenced by the number of carbons in the acyl chain. The acyl binding site of Chirazyme L2 (CAL-B) can accomodate acyl groups up to the carbon number 16, see: (a) Suan, C, Sarmidi, M. R. J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2004, 28, 111-119
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The rate of enzymatic acylation of chiral alcohols with fatty acids is also influenced by the number of carbons in the acyl chain. The acyl binding site of Chirazyme L2 (CAL-B) can accomodate acyl groups up to the carbon number 16, see: (a) Suan, C.; Sarmidi, M. R. J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2004, 28, 111-119.
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94
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2442462158
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For related observations in the acylation of flavonoids, see: b
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For related observations in the acylation of flavonoids, see: (b) Ardhaoui, M.; Falcimaigne, A.; Ognier, S.; Engasser, J. M.; Moussou, P.; Pauly, G.; Ghoul, M. J. Biotechnol. 2004, 110, 265-271.
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(2004)
J. Biotechnol
, vol.110
, pp. 265-271
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Ardhaoui, M.1
Falcimaigne, A.2
Ognier, S.3
Engasser, J.M.4
Moussou, P.5
Pauly, G.6
Ghoul, M.7
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95
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34250309643
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Léonard, V.; Fransson, L.; Lamare, S.; Hult, K.; Graber, M. ChemBioChem 2007, 8, 662-667.
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(2007)
ChemBioChem
, vol.8
, pp. 662-667
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Léonard, V.1
Fransson, L.2
Lamare, S.3
Hult, K.4
Graber, M.5
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96
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34548817253
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The activity was measured using a standard protocol, i.e., by incubating 10-20 mg of lipase in 10 mL of heptane containing 0.1 M lauric acid, 0.1 M 1-propanol, and 0.05 M n-hexadecane as internal standard for quantitative GC analysis, at 40°C and 200 rpm for 2-10 min.
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The activity was measured using a standard protocol, i.e., by incubating 10-20 mg of lipase in 10 mL of heptane containing 0.1 M lauric acid, 0.1 M 1-propanol, and 0.05 M n-hexadecane as internal standard for quantitative GC analysis, at 40°C and 200 rpm for 2-10 min.
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97
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34548817836
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For comparative data for the resolution of amine 1, see refs 10f, 12b,d; for amine 2, see refs 10g, 12c, 13b, 15c; for amine 3, see refs 10g, 13b; for amine 4, see refs 12c, 13b,c; for amine 8, see ref 15b; for amine 9, see ref 13g; for amine 10, see ref 10f; for amine 11, see refs 10g, 12a,d, 13b,c,g, 14c, 15b,d; for amine 12, see refs 10g, 13a,e,g, 14c; for amine 13, see refs 12c, 13a,e; for amine 14, see refs 12b,c,d, 15b
-
For comparative data for the resolution of amine 1, see refs 10f, 12b,d; for amine 2, see refs 10g, 12c, 13b, 15c; for amine 3, see refs 10g, 13b; for amine 4, see refs 12c, 13b,c; for amine 8, see ref 15b; for amine 9, see ref 13g; for amine 10, see ref 10f; for amine 11, see refs 10g, 12a,d, 13b,c,g, 14c, 15b,d; for amine 12, see refs 10g, 13a,e,g, 14c; for amine 13, see refs 12c, 13a,e; for amine 14, see refs 12b,c,d, 15b.
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98
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-
34548838243
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Boiling points: 2 (63°C), 2 (142°C), 5 (154°C), heptane (102°C).
-
Boiling points: 2 (63°C), 2 (142°C), 5 (154°C), heptane (102°C).
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-
-
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99
-
-
34548819300
-
-
For comparative resolution of these amines with aminoacylase I from Aspergillus melleus in the presence of 2-methoxyacetate, see ref 12b
-
(a) For comparative resolution of these amines with aminoacylase I from Aspergillus melleus in the presence of 2-methoxyacetate, see ref 12b.
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100
-
-
34548847148
-
-
For their resolution with penicillin acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis in aqueous solvent in the presence of phenylacetamide, see ref 12d
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(b) For their resolution with penicillin acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis in aqueous solvent in the presence of phenylacetamide, see ref 12d.
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-
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-
101
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-
34548843331
-
-
In the DKR experiments reported in ref 5, the use of lauric acid as acylating agent led to transform rac-1 into (R)-1e 71% yield and ee > 99, the use of ethyl laurate led to the same amide in 70% isolated yield and 99% ee
-
In the DKR experiments reported in ref 5, the use of lauric acid as acylating agent led to transform rac-1 into (R)-1e (71% yield and ee > 99%); the use of ethyl laurate led to the same amide in 70% isolated yield and 99% ee.
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