Temperament theory and the study of cognition-emotion interactions across development

Developmental Review

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 396-427

  Henderson, Heather A ^a   Wachs, Theodore D ^b  

^a Department of Biology   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Approach withdrawal; CNS; EEG ERP; Effortful control; fMRI; Reactivity; Self regulation; Temperament

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548462976     PISSN: 02732297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2007.06.004     Document Type: Article

References (225)

1. Ahadi S., Rothbart M., and Ye R. Child temperament in the US and China: Similarities and Differences. European Journal of Personality 7 (1993) 359-378
2. Algarin C., Peirano P., Garrido M., Pizarro F., and Lozoff B. Iron deficiency anemia in infancy: Long-lasting effects on auditory and visual system functioning. Pediatric Research 53 (2003) 217-223
3. Amaral D.G., Price J.L., Pitkanen A., and Carmichael S.T. Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex. In: Aggleton J.P. (Ed). The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction (1992), Wiley-Liss, New York 1-66
4. Auerbach J., Geller V., Lezer S., Shinwell E., Belmaker R.H., Levine J., et al. Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in the determination of temperament in 2-month-old infants. Molecular Psychiatry 4 (1999) 369-373
5. Baird A.A., Gruber S.A., Fein D.A., Maas L.C., Steingard R.J., Renshaw P.F., et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of facial affect recognition in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 38 (1999) 195-199
6. Banfield J.F., Wyland C.L., Macrae C.N., Munte T.F., and Heatherton T.F. The cognitive neuroscience of self-regulation. In: Baumeister R.F., and Vohs K.D. (Eds). Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (2004), Guilford, New York, NY 62-83
7. Bates J.E. Concepts and measures of temperament. In: Kohnstamm G.A., Bates J.E., and Rothbart M.K. (Eds). Temperament in childhood (1989), Wiley, Oxford, England 3-26
8. Bates J.E. Adjustment style in childhood as a product of parenting and temperament. In: Wachs T.D., and Kohnstamm G.A. (Eds). Temperament in context (2001), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 173-200
9. Baumgarten H.G. Control of vigilance and behavior by ascending serotinergic systems. In: Zschocke S., and Speckmann E.-J. (Eds). Basic mechanisms of the EEG (1993), Birkhauser, Boston, MA 231-268
10. Beard J., and Connor J. Iron status and neural functioning. Annual Review of Nutrition 23 (2003) 41-58
11. Belsky J., Friedman S.L., and Hsieh K.H. Testing a core emotion-regulation prediction: Does early attentional persistence moderate the effect of infant negative emotionality on later development?. Child Development 72 (2001) 123-133
12. Berridge K.C. Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 20 (1996) 1-25
13. Bjorklund D.F., and Kipp K. Parental investment theory and gender differences in the evolution of inhibition mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin 120 (1996) 163-188
14. Bornstein M.H., Gaughran J.M., and Segui I. Multimethod assessment of infan temperament: Mother questionnaire and mother and observer reports evaluated and compared at five months using the Infant Temperament Measure. International Journal of Behavioral Development 14 (1991) 131-151
15. Bunge S.A., Dudukovic N.M., Thomason M.E., Vaidya C.J., and Gabrieli J.D. Immature frontal lobe contributions to cognitive control in children. Evidence from fMRI. Neuron 33 (2002) 301-311
16. Bush G., Luu P., and Posner M.I. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (2000) 215-222
17. Bush G., Whalen P.J., Rose B.R., Jenike M.A., McInerney S.C., and Rauch S.L. The counting Stroop: An interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging - validation study with functional MRI. Human Brain Mapping 6 (1998) 270-280
18. Caldji C., Tannenbaum B., Sharma S., Francis D., Plotsky P.M., and Meaney M.J. Maternal care during infancy regulates the development of neural systems mediating the expression of fearfulness in the rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95 (1998) 5335-5340
19. Calkins S.D., Fox N.A., and Marshall T.R. Behavioral and physiological antecedents of inhibited and uninhibited behavior. Child Development 67 (1996) 523-540
20. Canli T., Sivers H., Whitfield S.L., Gotlib I.H., and Gabrieli J.D.E. Amygdala response to happy faces as a function of extraversion. Science 96 (2002) 2191
21. Carver A.C., Livesey D.J., and Charles M. Age related changes in inhibitory control as measured by stop signal task performance. International Journal of Neuroscience 107 (2001) 43-61
22. Carver C. Negative affects deriving from the Behavioral Approach System. Emotion 4 (2004) 3-22
23. Carver C.S., and Scheier M.F. On the self-regulation of behavior (1998), Cambridge University Press, New York
24. Carver C.S., and White T.L. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 319-333
25. Casey B.J., Trainor R.J., Orendi J.L., Schubert A.B., Nystrom L.E., Giedd J.N., et al. A developmental functional MRI study of prefrontal activation during performance of a Go-No-Go task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 9 (1997) 835-847
26. Caspi A. Personality development across the life course. In: Damon W., and Eisenberg N. (Eds). Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development. 5th ed. Vol. 3 (1998), Wiley, Hoboken, NJ 311-388
27. Caspi A., McClay J., Moffitt T., Mill J., Martin J., Craig I.W., et al. Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297 (2002) 851-854
28. Cloninger C.R. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: A proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry 44 (1987) 573-588
29. Coan J.A., and Allen J.J.B. Frontal EEG asymmetry and the behavioral activation and inhibition systems. Psychophysiology 40 (2003) 106-114
30. Courchesne E., Ganz L., and Norcia A.M. Event-related brain potentials to human faces in infants. Child Development 52 (1981) 804-811
31. Davidson R.J. Cerebral asymmetry and emotion: Conceptual and methodological conundrums. Cognition and Emotion 7 (1993) 115-138
32. Davidson R.J. Affective style and affective disorders: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Cognition and Emotion 12 (1998) 307-330
33. Davidson R.J. Anterior electrophysiological asymmetries, emotion, and depression: Conceptual and methodological conundrums. Psychophysiology 35 (1998) 607-614
34. Davidson R.J. Affective style, psychopathology and resilience: Brain mechanisms and plasticity. American Psychologist 55 (2000) 1196-1214
35. Davidson R.J. Anxiety and affective style: Role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Biological Psychiatry 51 (2002) 68-80
36. Davidson R.J., Chapman J.P., Chapman L.J., and Henriques J.B. Asymmetrical brain electrical activity discriminates between psychometrically-matched verbal and spatial cognitive tasks. Psychophysiology 27 (1990) 528-543
37. Davidson R.J., and Fox N.A. Frontal brain asymmetry predicts infants' response to maternal separation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 98 (1989) 127-131
38. Davidson R.J., Jackson D.C., and Larson C.L.. Human electroencephalography. In: Cacioppo J.T., Tassinary L.G., and Berntson G.G. (Eds). Handbook of psychophysiology. 2nd ed. (2000), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, US 27-52
39. Davies P.L., Segalowitz S.J., and Gavin W.J. Development of response-monitoring ERPs in 7- to 25-year-olds. Developmental Neuropsychology 25 (2004) 355-376
40. Davis M. The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety. Annual Review of Neuroscience 15 (1992) 353-375
41. de Haan M., Belsky J., Reid V., Volein A., and Johnson M.H. Maternal personality and infants' neural and visual responsivity to facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45 (2004) 1209-1218
42. Depue R.A., and Collins P.F. Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (1999) 491-569
43. Depue, R. A., & Iacono, W. G. (1989). Neurobehavioral aspects of affective disorders. In: M. R. Rosenzweig, & L. W. Porter (Eds.), Annual review of psychology (Vol. 40, pp. 457-492). Palo Alto, CA, US: Annual Reviews.
44. Derryberry D., and Rothbart M. Reactive and effortful processes in the organization of temperament. Development and Psychopathology 9 (1997) 633-652
45. Devinsky O., Morrell M.J., and Vogt B.A. Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour. Brain. A Journal of Neurology 118 (1995) 279-306
46. Diamond A. Developmental time course in human infants and infant monkeys, and the neural bases of inhibitory control in reaching. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 608 (1990) 637-676
47. Diamond A., and Taylor C. Development of an aspect of executive control: Development of the abilities to remember what I said and to 'do as I say, not as I do'. Developmental Psychobiology 29 (1996) 315-334
48. In: Diamond S. (Ed). The roots of psychology: A sourcebook in the history of ideas (1974), Basic Books, Oxford, England
49. DiPietro J.A., Bornstein M.H., Costigan K.A., Pressman E.K., Hahn C.S., and Painter K. What does fetal movement predict about behavior during the first two years of life?. Developmental Psychobiology 40 (2002) 358-371
50. DiPietro J.A., Hodgson D.M., Costigan K.A., and Johnson T.R.B. Fetal antecedents of infant temperament. Child Development 67 (1996) 2568-2583
51. Durston S., Thomas K.M., Yang Y., Ulug A.M., Zimmerman R.D., and Casey B.J. A neural basis for the development of inhibitory control. Developmental Science 5 (2002) F9-F16
52. Eaton W.O., and Dureski C.M. Parent and actometer measures of motor activity level in the young infant. Infant Behavior and Development 9 (1986) 383-393
53. Eisenberg N. Emotion, regulation, and moral development. Annual Review of Psychology 51 (2000) 665-697
54. Eisenberg, N. (2002). Emotion-related regulation and its relation to quality of social functioning. In: W. Hartup & R. A. Weinberg (Eds.), The Minnesota symposia on child psychology, Vol. 32. Child psychology in retrospect and prospect: In celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Institute of Child Development. (pp. 133-171). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum.
55. Eisenberg N., Cumberland A., Spinrad T.L., Fabes R.A., Shepard S.A., Reiser M., et al. The relations of regulation and emotionality to children's externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Child Development 72 (2001) 1112-1134
56. Eisenberg N., Fabes R.A., Guthrie I.K., Murphy B.C., Losoya S.H., and Guthrie I.K. The relations of regulation and emotionality to problem behavior in elementary school children. Development and Psychopathology 8 (1996) 141-162
57. Eisenberg N., Guthrie I., Fabes R., Shepard S., Losoya S., Murphy B., et al. Prediction of elementary school children's externalizing behavior problems from attentional and behavioral regulation and negative emotionality. Child Development 71 (2000) 1367-1382
58. Eisenberg N., Spinrad T.L., Fabes R.A., Reiser M., Cumberland A., Shepard S.A., et al. The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children's resiliency and adjustment. Child Development 75 (2004) 25-46
59. Eisenberger N.I., Lieberman M.D., and Williams K.D. Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science 302 (2003) 290-292
60. Eisenberger N.I. Identifying the neural correlates underlying social pain: Implications for developmental process. Human Development 49 (2006) 273-293
61. Enns J.T., Brodeur D.A., and Trick L.M. Selective attention over the life span: Behavioral measures. In: Richards J.E. (Ed). Cognitive neuroscience of attention: A developmental perspective (1998), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 393-418
62. Eysenck H.J. The biological basis of personality (1967), Thomas, Springfield, IL
63. Fan J., Fossella J.A., Sommer T., and Posner M.I. Mapping the genetic variation of executive attention onto brain activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (2003) 7406-7411
64. Fan J., Wu Y., Fossella J., and Posner M.I. Assessing the heritability of attentional networks. BioMed Central Neuroscience 2 (2001) 14
65. Field T., Pickens J., Fox N.A., Gonzalez J., and Nawrocki T. Facial expression and EEG responses to happy and sad faces/voices by 3-month-old infants of depressed mothers. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 16 (1998) 485-494
66. Fox N.A. If it's not left, it's right. Electroencephalograph asymmetry and the development of emotion. American Psychologist 46 (1994) 863-872
67. Fox N.A., Henderson H.A., Rubin K.H., Calkins S.D., and Schmidt L.A. Continuity and discontinuity of behavioral inhibition and exuberance: Psychophysiological and behavioral influences across the first four years of life. Child Development 72 (2001) 1-21
68. Fox N.A., Nichols K.E., Henderson H.A., Rubin K., Schmidt L., Hamer D., et al. Evidence for a gene-environment interaction in predicting behavioral inhibition in middle childhood. Psychological Science 16 (2005) 921-926
69. Francis D., Diorio J., Liu D., and Meaney M.J. Nongenomic transmission across generations of maternal behavior and stress responses in the rat. Science 286 (1999) 1155-1158
70. Gerardi-Caulton G. Sensitivity to spatial conflict and the development of self-regulation in children 24-36 months of age. Developmental Science 3 (2000) 397-404
71. Gerstadt C.L., Hong Y.J., and Diamond A. The relationship between cognition and action: Performance of 3 1/2-7 year olds on a Stroop-like day-night test. Cognition 53 (1994) 129-153
72. Giancola P.R., and Zeichner A. Neuropsychological performance on tests of frontal-lobe functioning and aggressive behavior in men. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103 (1994) 832-835
73. Goldsmith H.H. Studying temperament via construction of the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire. Child Development 67 (1996) 218-235
74. Goldsmith H.H., and Hewitt E.C. Validity of parental report of temperament: Distinctions and needed research. Infant Behavior and Development 26 (2003) 108-111
75. Goldsmith H.H., and Rothbart M. The laboratory temperament assessment battery manual (1996), Personality Development Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison
76. Gorenstein E.E. Cognitive-perceptual deficit in an alcoholism spectrum disorder. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 48 (1987) 310-318
77. Gottlieb G. On making behavioral genetics truly developmental. Human Development 46 (2003) 337-355
78. Gray J.A. Elements of a two-process theory of learning (1975), Acamedic Press, New York
79. Gray J.A. The neuropsychology of temperament. In: Strelau J., and Angleitner A. (Eds). Explorations in temperament: International perspectives on theory and measurement (1991), Plenum Press, New York 105-128
80. Guerin D., Gottfried A., Oliver P., and Thomas C. Temperament: Infancy through adolescence (2003), Kluwer Academics, New York
81. Gunnar M.R. Psychoendocrine studies of temperament and stress in early childhood: Expanding current models. In: Bates J.E., and Wachs T.D. (Eds). Temperament: Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior (1994), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 175-198
82. Gunnar M.R. Early adversity and the development of stress reactivity and regulation. In: Nelson C.A. (Ed). The Minnesota symposia on child psychology: The effects of early adversity on neurobehavioral development Vol. 31 (2000), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 163-200
83. Hagekull B., and Bohlin G. Preschool temperament and environmental factors related to the five-factor model of personality in middle childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 44 (1998) 194-215
84. Hagemann D., Ewald N., Thayer J.F., and Bartussek D. Does resting electroencephalograph asymmetry reflect a trait? An application of latent state-trait theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 619-641
85. Hagemann D., Hewig J., Seifert J., Naumann E., and Bartussek D. The latent state-trait structure of resting EEG asymmetry: Replication and extension. Psychophysiology 42 (2005) 740-752
86. In: Halverson Jr. C.F., Kohnstamm G.A., and Martin R.P. (Eds). The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (1994), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
87. Hane A.A., and Fox N.A. Ordinary variations in maternal caregiving influence human infants' stress reactivity. Psychological Science 17 (2006) 550-556
88. Hariri A.R., Bookheimer S.Y., and Mazziotta J.C. Modulating emotional responses: Effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system. Neuroreport 11 (2000) 43-48
89. Hariri A.R., Drabant B.A., Munoz B.A., Kolachana B.S., Mattay V.S., Egan M.F., et al. A susceptibility gene for affective disorders and the response of the human amygdala. Archives of General Psychiatry 62 (2005) 146-152
90. Hariri A.R., Mattay V.S., Tessitore A., Kolachana B., Fera F., Goldman D., et al. Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdale. Science 297 (2002) 400-403
91. Harman C., Rothbart M.K., and Posner M.I. Distress and attention interactions in early infancy. Motivation and Emotion 21 (1997) 27-43
92. Harmon-Jones E. Anger and the behavioral approach system. Personality and the Behavioral Approach System 35 (2003) 995-1005
93. Harmon-Jones E., and Allen J.J.B. Anger and frontal brain activity: EEG asymmetry consistent with approach motivation despite negative affective valence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 1310-1316
94. Hegvik R.L., McDevitt S.C., and Carey W.B. The Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 3 (1982) 197-200
95. Heinz A., Braus D.F., Smolka M.N., Wrase J., Puls I., Hermann D., et al. Amygdala-prefrontal coupling depends on genetic variation of the serotonin transporter. Nature Neuroscience 8 (2005) 20-21
96. Heller W., Koven N.S., and Miller G.A. Regional brain activity in anxiety and depression, cognition/emotion interaction, and emotion regulation. In: Hugdahl K., and Davidson R.J. (Eds). The asymmetrical brain (2003), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 533-564
97. Henderson H.A., and Fox N.A. Considerations in studying emotion in infants and children. In: Coan J.A., and Allen J.J.B. (Eds). The handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment (2007), Oxford University Press, New York, NY 827-864
98. Henderson H.A., Fox N.A., and Rubin K.H. Temperamental contributions to social behavior: The moderating roles of frontal EEG asymmetry and gender. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40 (2001) 68-74
99. Henderson H.A., Marshall P.J., Fox N.A., and Rubin K.H. Psychophysiological and Behavioral Evidence for Varying Forms and Functions of Nonsocial Behavior in Preschoolers. Child Development 75 (2004) 236-250
100. Henderson, H. A., Schwartz, C. B., Mejia, E., & Moas, O. L. (2005). Attentional control and the regulation of approach/withdrawal tendencies in children. Poster presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development Temperament/Personality Preconference, Atlanta, Georgia.
101. Hongwanishkul D., Happaney K.R., Lee W.S.C., and Zelazo P.D. Assessment of hot and cool executive function in young children: Age-related changes and individual differences. Developmental Neuropsychology 28 (2005) 617-644
102. Hooper C.J., Luciana M., Conklin H.M., and Yarger R.S. Adolescents' performance on the Iowa Gambling Task: Implications for the development of decision making and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Developmental Psychology 40 (2004) 1148-1158
103. Huffman L.C., Bryan Y.E., del-Carmen R., Pedersen F.A., Doussard-Roosevelt J.A., and Porges S.W. Infant temperament and cardiac vagal tone: Assessments at twelve weeks of age. Child Development 69 (1998) 624-635
104. Huttenlocher P.R. Synaptic density in human frontal cortex - developmental changes and effects of aging. Brain Research 163 (1979) 195-205
105. Huttenlocher P.R. Morphometric study of human cerebral cortex development. Neuropsychologia 28 (1990) 517-527
106. Irwin W., Davidson R.J., Lowe M.J., Mock B.J., Sorenson J.A., and Turski P.A. Human amygdala activation detected with echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroReport 7 (1996) 1765-1769
107. Jackson D.C., Mueller C.J., Dolski I., Dalton K.M., Nitschke J.B., Urry H.L., et al. Now you feel it, now you don't: Frontal brain electrical asymmetry and individual differences in emotion regulation. Psychological Science 14 (2003) 612-617
108. Jacques D. The temperaments (1881), Fowler & Wells, New York
109. Johnson M.H., Posner M.I., and Rothbart M.K. Components of visual orienting in early infancy: Contingency learning, anticipatory looking, and disengaging. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3 (1991) 335-344
110. Jones L.B., Rothbart M.K., and Posner M.I. Development of executive attention in preschool children. Developmental Science 6 (2003) 498-504
111. Jones N.A., Field T., Davalos M., and Pickens J. EEG stability in infants/children of depressed mothers. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 28 (1997) 59-70
112. Kagan J. Inhibited and uninhibited temperaments. In: Carey W.B., and McDevitt S.C. (Eds). Prevention and early intervention: Individual differences as risk factors for the mental health of children: A festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas (1994), Brunner/Mazel, Philadelphia 35-41
113. Kagan J. Biology and the child. In: Damon W., and Eisenberg N. (Eds). Handbook of child psychology, social, emotional, and personality development. 5th ed. Vol. 3 (1998), Wiley, Hoboken, NJ 177-235
114. Kagan J., Reznick J.S., Clarke C., Snidman N., and Garcia-Coll C. Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar. Child Development 55 (1984) 2212-2225
115. Kagan J., Reznick J.S., and Snidman N. The physiology and psychology of behavioral inhibition in children. Child Development 58 (1987) 1459-1473
116. Kagan J., and Snidman N. The long shadow of temperament (2004), Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
117. Kapp B.S., Supple W.F., and Whalen P.J. Stimulation of the amygdaloid central nucleus produces EEG arousal. Behavioral Neuroscience 108 (1994) 81-93
118. Kerr M., Lambert W.W., Stattin H., and Klackenberg-Larsson I. Stability of inhibition in a Swedish longitudinal sample. Child Development 65 (1994) 138-146
119. Knutson B., Adams C.M., Fong G.W., and Hommer D. Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. Journal of Neuroscience 21 (2001) RC159
120. Kochanska G. Multiple pathways to conscience for children with different temperaments: From Toddlerhood to age 5. Developmental Psychology 33 (1997) 228-240
121. Kochanska G. Emotional development in children with different attachment histories: The first three years. Child Development 72 (2001) 474-490
122. Kochanska G., Murray K.T., and Harlan E.T. Effortful control in early childhood: Continuity and change, antecedents, and implications for social development. Developmental Psychology 36 (2000) 220-232
123. Kohnstamm G.A. Temperament in childhood: Cross-cultural and sex differences. In: Kohnstamm G.A., Bates J.E., and Rothbart M.K. (Eds). Temperament in childhood (1989), Wiley, Oxford, England 483-508
124. Kopp C.B. Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology 18 (1982) 199-214
125. Lakatos K., Nemoda Z., Birkas E., Ronai Z., Kovacs E., Ney K., et al. Association of the D3 dopamine receptor gene and serotonin transporter promoter polymorphisms with infants' response to novelty. Molecular Psychiatry 8 (2003) 90-97
126. Lamm C., Zelazo P.D., and Lewis M.D. Neural correlates of cognitive control in childhood and adolescence: Disentangling the contributions of age and executive function. Neuropsychologia 44 (2006) 2139-2148
127. LeDoux, J. E. (1987). Emotion. In: F. Plum (Ed.), Handbook of physiology. Section 1: The nervous system: Vol. 5. Higher functions of the brain, Part 1. Bethesda, MD: American Psychological Society.
128. Lemery K.S., Goldsmith H.H., Klinnert M.D., and Mrazek D.A. Developmental Models of infant and childhood temperament. Developmental Psychology 35 (1999) 189-204
129. Lengua L., Wolchik S., Sandler I., and West S. The additive and interactive effects of parenting and temperament in predicting adjustment problems of children of divorce. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 29 (2000) 232-244
130. Lozoff B., Beard J., Connor J., Felt B., Georgieff M., and Schallert T. Long- lasting neural and behavioral effects of iron deficiency in infancy. Nutrition Reviews 64 (2006) s34-s44
131. Lozoff B., De Andraca I., Castillo M., Smith J., Walter T., Pino T., et al. Behavioral and developmental effects of preventing iron deficiency anemia in healthy full-term infants. Pediatrics 112 (2003) 846-854
132. Lozoff B., Felt B.T., Nelson E.C., Wolf A.W., Meltzerb H.W., and Jimenez E. Serum prolactin levels and behavior in infants. Biological Psychiatry 37 (1995) 4-12
133. Lozoff B., Klein N., Nelson E., McClish D., Manuel M., and Chacon M. Behavior of infants with iron deficiency anemia. Child Development 69 (1998) 24-36
134. Luciana M., and Nelson C.A. The functional emergence of prefrontally-guided working memory systems in four- to eight-year-old children. Neuropsychologia 36 (1998) 273-293
135. Luria A.R. Higher cortical functions in man (1966), Basic Books, New York
136. Marshall P.J., Bar Haim Y., and Fox N.A. Development of the EEG from 5 months to 4 years of age. Clinical Neurophysiology 113 (2002) 1199-1208
137. Matheny A. Play assessment of infant temperament. In: Schaefer C., Gitling K., and Sandgrund A. (Eds). Play diagnosis and assessment (1991), Wiley, New York
138. Matheny Jr. A.P., and Phillips K. Temperament and context: Correlates of home environment with temperament continuity and change, newborn to 30 months. In: Wachs T.D., and Kohnstamm G.A. (Eds). Temperament in context (2001), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 81-101
139. Matheny A.P., Riese M.L., and Wilson R.S. Rudiments of infant temperament: Newborn to 9 months. Developmental Psychology 21 (1985) 486-494
140. Mayberg H. Limbic-cortical dysregulation: A proposed model of depression. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 9 (1997) 471-481
141. McClowry S.G., Hegvik R.L., and Teglasi H. An examination of the construct validity of the Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire. Merrill-Palmer-Quarterly 39 (1993) 279-293
142. Mebert C.J. Dimensions of subjectivity in parents' ratings of infant temperament. Child Development 62 (1991) 352-361
143. Metcalfe J., and Mischel W. A hot/cool system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review 106 (1999) 3-19
144. Moffitt T.E. The neuropsychology of conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology 5 (1993) 135-151
145. Morris A., Silk J., Steinberg L., Sessa F., Avenevoli S., and Essex M. Temperamental vulnerability and negative parenting as interacting predictors of child adjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family 64 (2002) 461-471
146. Morris P.L., Robinson R.G., Raphael B., and Hopwood M.J. Lesion location and poststroke depression. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 8 (1996) 399-403
147. Murphy B.C., Eisenberg N., Fabes R.A., Shepard S., and Guthrie I.K. Consistency and change in children's emotionality and regulation: A longitudinal study. Merrill Palmer Quarterly 45 (1999) 413-444
148. Nelson C.A. Neural bases of infant temperament. In: Bates J.E., and Wachs T.D. (Eds). Temperament: Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior (1994), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 47-82
149. Nigg J.T. On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin 126 (2000) 220-246
150. Norman D.A., and Shallice T. Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior. In: Davidson R.J., Schwartz G.E., and Shapiro D. (Eds). Consciousness and self-regulation (1986), Plenum Press, New York 1-18
151. Parasuraman R., Warm J.S., and See J.E. Brain systems of vigilance. In: Parasuraman R. (Ed). The attentive brain (1998), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 221-256
152. Passler M.A., Isaac W., and Hynd G.W. Neuropsychological development of behavior attributed to frontal lobe functioning in children. Developmental Neuropsychology 1 (1985) 349-370
153. Pedlow R., Sanson A., Prior M., and Oberklaid F. Stability of maternally reported temperament from infancy to 8 years. Developmental Psychology 29 (1993) 998-1007
154. Perez-Edgar K., Roberson-Nay R., Hardin M.G., Poeth K., Guyer A.E., Nelson E.E., et al. Attention alters neural responses to evocative faces in behaviorally inhibited adolescents. NeuroImage 35 (2007) 1538-1546
155. Pfefferbaum A., Mathalon D.H., Sullivan E.V., Rawles J.M., Zipursky R.B., and Lim K.O.A. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of changes in brain morphology from infancy to late adulthood. Archives of Neurology 51 (1994) 874-887
156. Pfeifer M., Goldsmith H.H., Davidson R.J., and Rickman M. Continuity and change in inhibited and uninhibited children. Child Development 73 (2002) 1474-1485
157. Plomin R., and Rutter M. Child development, molecular genetics, and what to do with genes once they are found. Child Development 69 (1998) 1223-1242
158. Posner M.I., and Raichle M.E. Images of mind (1994), Scientific American Library/Scientific American Books, New York
159. Posner M.I., and Rothbart M.K. Temperament and learning (2007), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
160. Posner M.I., and Rothbart M.K. Developing mechanisms of self-regulation. Development and Psychopathology 12 (2000) 427-441
161. Posner M.I., Rothbart M.K., and Gerardi-Caulton G. Exploring the biology of socialization. In: Damasio A.R., Harrington A., Kagan J., McEwen B.S., Moss H., and Shaikh R. (Eds). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Unity of knowledge: The convergence of natural and human science Vol. 935 (2001), New York Academy of Sciences, New York, NY 208-216
162. Posner M.I., Rothbart M.K., and Sheese B.E. Attention genes. Developmental Science 10 (2007) 24-29
163. Putnam S., Sanson A., and Rothbart M. Child Temperament and Parenting. In: Bornstein M. (Ed). Handbook of parenting. 2nd ed. Vol. 1 (2002), Erlbaum, Mahwah NJ 255-277
164. Reif A., and Lesch K. Toward a molecular architecture of personality. Behavioral Brain Research 139 (2003) 1-20
165. Ricciuti H.N., and Breitmayer B.J. Observational assessments of infant temperament in the natural setting of the newborn nursery: Stability and relationship to perinatal status. Merrill-Palmer-Quarterly 34 (1988) 281-299
166. Richards J.E. Attention affects the recognition of briefly presented visual stimuli in infants: An ERP study. Developmental Science 6 (2003) 312-328
167. Rogeness G.A., and McClure E.B. Development and neurotransmitter-environmental interactions. Development and Psychopathology 8 (1996) 183-199
168. Rothbart M.K. Temperament and development. In: Kohnstamm G.A., Bates J.E., and Rothbart M.K. (Eds). Temperament in childhood (1989), Wiley, Oxford, England 187-247
169. Rothbart M.K. Temperament: A developmental framework. In: Strelau J., and Angleitner A. (Eds). Explorations in temperament (1991), Plenum, New York 61-64
170. Rothbart M.K., Ahadi S., and Evans D. Temperament and personality: Origins and outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 (2000) 122-135
171. Rothbart M.K., Ahadi S.A., and Hershey K.L. Temperament and social behavior in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 40 (1994) 21-39
172. Rothbart M.K., Ahadi S.A., Hershey K.L., and Fisher P. Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development 72 (2001) 1394-1408
173. Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. 1998. Temperament. In: Damon, W. (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3: Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 105-176). New York: Wiley.
174. Rothbart M.K., and Bates J.E. Temperament. In: Eisenberg N., Damon W., and Lerner R. (Eds). Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development. 6th ed. Vol. 3 (2006), Wiley, Hoboken, NJ 99-166
175. Rothbart M.K., and Derryberry D. Development of individual differences in temperament. In: Lamb M.E., and Brown A.L. (Eds). Advances in developmental psychology Vol. 1 (1981), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 37-86
176. Rothbart M.K., Derryberry D., and Hershey K. Stability of temperament in childhood: Laboratory infant assessment to parent report at seven years. In: Molfese V.J., and Molfese D.L. (Eds). Temperament and personality development across the life span (2000), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 85-119
177. Rothbart M.K., Derryberry D., and Posner M.I. A psychobiological approach to the development of temperament. In: Bates J.E., and Wachs T.D. (Eds). Temperament: Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior (1994), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 83-116
178. Rothbart M.K., Ellis L.K., Rueda M.R., and Posner M.I. Developing mechanisms of temperamental effortful control. Journal of Personality 71 (2003) 1113-1143
179. Rothbart M.K., and Posner M. Temperament and the development of self-regulation. In: Hartlage L.C., and Telzrow C.F. (Eds). The neuropsychology of individual differences: A developmental perspective (1985), Plenum Press, New York
180. Rubia K., Overmeyer S., Taylor E., Brammer M., Williams S.C.R., Simmons A., et al. Functional frontalisation with age: Mapping neurodevelopmental trajectories with fMRI. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 24 (2000) 13-19
181. Rueda M.R., Rothbart M.K., McCandliss B.D., Saccamanno L., and Posner M.I. Training, maturation and genetic influences on the development of executive attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 102 (2005) 14931-14936
182. Ruff H.A., and Rothbart M.K. Attention in early development: Themes and variations (1996), Oxford University Press, New York, NY, US
183. Sackeim H.A., Greenberg M.S., Weiman A.L., Gur R.C., Hungerbuhler J.P., and Geschwind N. Hemispheric asymmetry in the expression of positive and negative emotions. Archives of Neurology 39 (1982) 210-218
184. Sanson A., Prior M., Garino E., Oberklaid F., and Sewell J. The structure of infant temperament. Infant Behavior and Development 10 (1987) 97-104
185. Satpute A.B., and Lieberman M.D. Integrating automatic and controlled processes into neurocognitive models of social cognition. Brain Research 1079 (2006) 86-97
186. Saudino K.J. Behavioral genetics and child temperament. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 26 (2005) 214-223
187. Schaul N. The fundamental neural mechanisms of electroencephalography. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 106 (1998) 101-107
188. Schmidt L.A., Fox N.A., Rubin K.H., and Sternberg E.M. Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in shy children. Developmental Psychobiology 30 (1997) 127-140
189. Schwartz C.E., Wright C.I., Shin L.M., Kagan J., and Rauch S.L. Inhibited and uninhibited infants "grown up": Adult amygdalar response to novelty. Science 300 (2003) 1952-1953
190. Seguin J.R., Pihl R.O., Harden P.W., Tremblay R.E., and Boulerice B. Cognitive and neuropsychological characteristics of physically aggressive boys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 104 (1995) 614-624
191. Seifer R., Sameroff A.J., Barrett L.C., and Krafchuk E. Infant temperament measured by multiple observations and mother report. Child Development 65 (1994) 1478-1490
192. Shaw P., Greenstein D., Lerch J., Clasen L., Lenroot R., Gogtay N., et al. Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents. Nature 440 (2006) 676-679
193. Sheldon W.H., and Stevens S.S. The varieties of temperament; a psychology of constitutional differences (1942), Harper, Oxford, England
194. Siddappa A., Georgieff M., Wewerka S., Worwa C., Nelson C., and Deregnier R. Iron deficiency alters auditory recognition memory in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. Pediatric Research 55 (2004) 1034-1041
195. Silberman E.K., and Weingartner H. Hemispheric lateralization of functions related to emotion. Brain and Cognition 5 (1986) 322-353
196. St. James Roberts I., and Wolke D. Convergences and discrepancies, among mothers' and professionals' assessments of difficult neonatal behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 29 (1988) 21-42
197. Steinmetz J.E. Brain substrates of emotion and temperament. In: Bates J.E., and Wachs T.D. (Eds). Temperament: Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior (1994), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 17-46
198. Stifter C.A., Spinrad T.L., and Braungart-Rieker J.M. Toward a developmental model of child compliance: The role of emotion regulation in infancy. Child Development 70 (1999) 21-32
199. Strauss, M. E., & Rourke, D. L. (1978). A multivariate analysis of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale in several samples. In: A. J. Sameroff (Ed.), Organization and stability of newborn behavior: A commentary on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale (pp. 81-91). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (Vol. 43, pp. 5-6, Serial No. 177).
200. Strelau J. Temperament, personality, activity (1983), Academic Press, London
201. Strelau J. The regulative theory of temperament as a result of East-West influences. In: Kohnstamm G.A., Bates J.E., and Rothbart M.K. (Eds). Temperament in childhood (1989), Wiley, Oxford, England 35-48
202. Strelau J. The concepts of arousal and arousability as used in temperament studies. In: Bates J., and Wachs T.D. (Eds). Temperament: Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior (1994), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 117-142
203. Stuss D.T., and Benson D.F. Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin 95 (1984) 3-28
204. Sutton S.K., Burnette C.P., Mundy P.C., Meyer J., Vaughan A., Sanders C., et al. Resting cortical brain activity and social behavior in higher functioning children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46 (2005) 211-222
205. Sutton S.K., and Davidson R.J. Prefrontal brain asymmetry: A biological substrate of the behavioral approach and inhibition systems. Psychological Science 8 (1997) 204-210
206. Tamura T., Goldenberg M., Hou J., Johnston K., Cliver S., Ramey S., et al. Cord serum ferritin concentrations and mental and psychomotor development of children at five years of age. Journal of Pediatrics 140 (2002) 165-170
207. Thomas A., and Chess S. Temperament and development (1977), Brunner/Mazel, Oxford, England
208. Thomas A., Chess S., Birch H.G., Hertzig M.E., and Korn S. Behavioral individuality in early childhood (1963), New York University Press, Oxford, England
209. Thomas K.M., Drevets W.C., Whalen P.J., Eccard C.H., Dahl R.E., Ryan N.D., et al. Amygdala response to facial expressions in children and adults. Biological Psychiatry 49 (2001) 309-316
210. Tomarken A.J., Davidson R.J., and Henriques J.B. Resting frontal brain asymmetry predicts affective responses to films. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 (1990) 791-801
211. Tomarken A.J., Davidson R.J., Wheeler R.E., and Kinney L. Psychometric properties of resting anterior EEG asymmetry: Temporal stability and internal consistency. Psychophysiology 29 (1992) 576-592
212. Urry H.L., van Reekum C.M., Johnstone T., Kalin N.H., Thurow M.E., Schaefer H.S., et al. Amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex are inversely coupled during regulation of negative affect and predict the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion among older adults. Journal of Neuroscience 26 (2006) 4415-4425
213. Vaughn B.E., Taraldson B.J., Crichton L., and Egeland B. The assessment of infant temperament: A critique of the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development 4 (1981) 1-17
214. Vaughn J., Brown J., and Carter J. The effects of maternal anemia on infant behavior. Journal of the National Medical Association 78 (1986) 963-968
215. Wachs T.D. Expanding our view of context: The bio-ecological environment and development. In: Kail R. (Ed). Advances in child development and behavior Vol. 31 (2003), Academic Press, San Diego 365-411
216. Wachs T.D. The nature, etiology and consequences of individual differences in temperament. In: LeMonda T., and Balter L. (Eds). Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues. 2nd ed. (2006), Garland, New York 27-52
217. Wachs T.D., and Bates J. Temperament. In: Bremner G., and Fogel A. (Eds). Blackwell handbook of infant development (2001), Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA 465-501
218. Wachs T. D., Kanishiro, H., & Gurkas, P. (2006). Temperament and intra-individual variability. Symposium presentation. Occasional temperament conference. Providence Rhode Island.
219. In: Wachs T.D., and Kohnstamm G.A. (Eds). Temperament in context (2001), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 201-222
220. Wachs T.D., Pollitt E., Cueto S., and Jacoby E. Structure and cross-contextual stability of neonatal temperament. Infant Behavior and Development 27 (2004) 382-396
221. Wachs T.D., Pollitt E., Cueto S., Jacoby E., and Creed-Kanashiro H. Relation of neonatal iron status to individual variability in neonatal temperament. Developmental Psychobiology 46 (2005) 141-153
222. Whalen P.J., Bush G., McNally R.J., Wilhelm S., McInerney S.C., Jenike M.A., et al. The emotional counting stroop paradigm: A functional magnetic resonance imaging probe of the anterior cingulate affective division. Biological Psychiatry 44 (1998) 1219-1228
223. Wieser H.G., and Siegel A.M. Relations between the EEG of the cortex, thalamus, and periaquiductal gray in patients suffering from epilepsy and pain syndromes. In: Zschocke S., and Speckman E.J. (Eds). Basic mechanism of the EEG (1993), Birkhauser, Boston, MA 145-182
224. Wills T., Sandy J., Yaeger A., and Shiner O. Family risk factors and adolescent substance use: Moderation effects for temperament dimensions. Developmental Psychology 37 (2001) 283-297
225. Wilson R.S., and Matheny A.P. Assessment of temperament in infant twins. Developmental Psychology 19 (1983) 172-183