Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in shy children

Developmental Psychobiology

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 127-140

  Schmidt, Louis A ^a   Fox, Nathan A ^a   Rubin, Kenneth H ^a   Sternberg, Esther M ^b   Gold, Philip W ^b   Smith, Craig C ^b   Schulkin, Jay ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Amygdala; Behavioral inhibition; Fear; Salivary cortisol; Shyness; Startle; Temperament

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE;

AFFECT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EGO DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; PHYSIOLOGY; SALIVA; SECRETION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; TEMPERAMENT;

AFFECT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INFANT; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; SALIVA; SHYNESS; TEMPERAMENT;

EID: 0031092228     PISSN: 00121630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199703)30:2<127::AID-DEV4>3.0.CO;2-S     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Adamec, R. E. (1991). Individual differences in temporal lobe sensory processing of threatening stimuli in the cat. Physiology & Behavior, 49, 445-464.
2. Anders, T., Sachar, E., Kream, J., Roffwarg, H., & Hellman, L. (1970). Behavioral state and plasma cortisol response in the human newborn. Pediatrics, 46, 532-537.
3. Balaban, M. T. (1995). Affective influences on startle in 5-month-old infants: Reactions to facial expressions of emotion. Child Development, 66, 28-36.
4. Bell, I. R., Martino, G. M., Meredith, K. E., Schwartz, G. E., Siani, M. M., & Morrow, F. D. (1993). Vascular disease risk factors, urinary-free cortisol, and health histories in older adults: Shyness and gender interactions. Biological Psychology, 35, 37-49.
5. Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1990). Startle reflex modification: Emotion or attention? Psychophysiology, 27, 513-522.
6. Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1991). Startle and emotion: Lateral acoustic probes and the bilateral blink. Psychophysiology, 28, 285-295.
7. Bradley, M. M., Lang, P. J., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1993). Emotion, novelty, and the startle reflex: Habituation in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107, 970-980.
8. Brown, R. P., Stoll, P. M., Stokes, P. E., Frances, A., Sweeney, J., Kocsis, J. H., & Mann, J. J. (1988). Adrenocortical hyperactivity in depression: Effects of agitation, delusions, melancholia, and other variables. Psychiatric Research, 23, 176-178.
9. Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
10. Calkins, S. D., & Fox, N. A. (1992). The relations among infant temperament, security of attachment, and behavioral inhibition at 24 months. Child Development, 63, 1456-1472.
11. Calkins, S. D., Fox, N. A., & Marshall, T. R. (1996). Behavioral and physiological antecedents of inhibited and uninhibited behavior. Child Development, 67, 523-540.
12. Champoux, M., Coe, C. L., Schanber, S. M., Kihn, C. M., & Suomi, S. J. (1989). Hormonal effects of early rearing conditions in the infant rhesus monkey. American Journal of Primatology, 19, 111-117.
13. Corodimas, K. P., LeDoux, J. E., Gold, P. W., & Schulkin, J. (1994). Corticosterone potentiation of conditioned fear in rats. In E. R. de Kloet, E. C. Azmitia, & P. W. Langfield (Eds.), Brain corticosteroid receptors: Studies on the mechanism, function, and neurotoxicity of corticosteroid action. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 746, 392-393.
14. Gallagher, M., Graham, P. W., & Holland, P. C. (1990). The amygdala central nucleus and appetitive Pavlovian conditioning: Lesions impair one class of conditioned behavior. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 1906-1911.
15. Gallagher, M., & Holland, P. C. (1994). The amygdala complex: Multiple roles in associative learning and attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91, 11771-11776.
16. Gold, P. W., Goodwin, F. K., & Chrousos, G. P. (1988a). Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression. New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 348-353.
17. Gold, P. W., Goodwin, F. K., & Chrousos, G. P. (1988b). Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression. New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 413-420.
18. Granger, D. A., Stansbury, K., & Henker, B. (1994). Preschoolers' behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to social challenge. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 190-211.
19. Grillon, C., Ameli, R., Foot, M., & Davis, M. (1993). Fear-potentiated startle: Relationship to the level of the state/trait anxiety in healthy subjects. Biological Psychiatry, 33, 566-574.
20. Gunnar, M. R. (1986). Human developmental psychoneuroendocrinology: A review of research on neuroendocrine responses to challenge and threat in infancy and childhood. In M. E. Lamb, L. A. Brown, & B. Rogoff (Eds.), Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 51-103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
21. Gunnar, M. R. (1994). Psychoendocrine studies of temperament and stress in early childhood: Expanding current models. In J. E. Bates & T. D. Wachs (Eds.), Temperament: Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior (pp. 175-198). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.