Red mold dioscorea has greater hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effect than traditional red mold rice and unfermented dioscorea in hamsters

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 55, Issue 17, 2007, Pages 7162-7169

  Lee, Chun Lin ^a   Hung, Hsi Kai ^a   Wang, Jyh Jye ^b   Pan, Tzu Ming ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b TAJEN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Antiatherosclerosis; Dioscorea; Hypolipidemia; Monacolin; Monascus; Red mod rice; Red mold dioscorea

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; LIPID; MEVINOLIN;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIET; FERMENTATION; HAMSTER; MALE; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; MONASCUS; RICE; SYRIAN HAMSTER; YAM;

ANIMALS; ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CRICETINAE; DIET; DIOSCOREA; FERMENTATION; LIPIDS; LOVASTATIN; MALE; MESOCRICETUS; MONASCUS; ORYZA SATIVA;

CRICETINAE; DIOSCOREA; DIOSCOREA ALATA; MONASCUS;

EID: 34548319454     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf071293j     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Steinberg, H. O.; Bayazeed, B.; Hook, G.; Johnson, A.; Cronin, J.; Baron, A. D. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with cholesterol levels in the high normal range in humans. Circulation 1997, 96, 3287-3293.
2. Yla-Herttuala, S.; Palinski, W.; Rosenfeld, M. E.; Parthasarathy, S.; Carew, T. E.; Butler, S.; Witztum, J. L.; Steinberg, D. Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man. J. Clin. Invest. 1989, 84, 1086-1095.
3. Lee, C. L.; Tsai, T. Y.; Wang, J. J.; Pan, T. M. In vivo hypolipidemic effects and safety of low dosage Monascus powder in a hamster model of hyperlipidemia. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006, 70, 533-540.
4. Li, C. L.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, Y. Y.; Zhu, J. S.; Chang, J.; Kritchevsky, D. Monascus purpureus-fermented rice (red yeast rice): a natural food product that lowers blood cholesterol in animal models of hypercholesterolemia. Nutr. Res. 1998, 18, 71-81.
5. Wei, W.; Li, C.; Wang, Y.; Su, H.; Zhu, J.; Kritchevsky, D. Hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic effects of long-term Cholestin (Monascus purpureus-fermented rice, red yeast rice) in cholesterol fed rabbits. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2003, 14, 314-318.
6. Heber, D.; Yip, I.; Ashley, J. M.; Elashoff, D. A.; Elashoff, R. M.; Go, V. L. Cholesterol-lowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red-yeast-rice dietary supplement. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999, 69, 231-236.
7. Lee, C. L.; Wang, J. J.; Kuo, S. L.; Pan, T. M. Monascus fermentation of dioscorea for increasing the production of cholesterol-lowering agent-monacolin K and antiinflammation agent-monascin. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006, 72, 1254-1262.
8. Zernecke, A.; Weber, C. Inflammatory mediators in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Basic Res. Cardiol. 2005, 100, 93-101.
9. Wanasundera, J. P.; Ravindran, G. Nutritional assessment of yam (Dioscorea alata) tubers. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. (Dordrecht, Neth.) 1994, 46, 33-39.
10. Chang, S. J.; Lee, Y. C.; Liu, S. Y.; Chang, T. W. Chinese yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainung No. 2) feeding exhibited antioxidative effects in hyperhomocysteinemia rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 1720-1725.
11. Nagai, T.; Nagashima, T. Functional properties of dioscorin, a soluble viscous protein from Japanese yam (Dioscorea opposita thunb.) tuber mucilage Tororo. Z. Naturforsch., C: J. Biosci. 2006, 61, 792-798.
12. Chang, W. C.; Yu, Y. M.; Wu, C. H.; Tseng, Y. H.; Wu, K. Y. Reduction of oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits by Dioscorea rhizome. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2005, 83, 423-430.
13. Jessup, W.; Dean, R. T.; de Whalley, C. V.; Rankin, S. M.; Leake, D. S. The role of oxidative modification and antioxidants in LDL metabolism and atherosclerosis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1990, 264, 139-142.
14. Su, Y. C.; Wang, J. J.; Lin, T. T.; Pan, T. M. Production of the secondary metabolites gamma-aminobutyric acid and monacolin K by Monascus. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2003, 30, 41-46.
15. Boyd, E. The growth of the surface area of human body; University of Minnesota Press: 1935.
16. Wang, W. H.; Zhang, H.; Yu, Y. L.; Ge, Z.; Xue, C.; Zhang, P. Intervention of xuezhikang on patients of acute coronary syndrome with different levels of blood lipids. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2004, 24, 1073-1076.
17. Aubin, M. C.; Carrier, M.; Shi, Y. F.; Tardif, J. C.; Perrault, L. P. Role of probucol on endothelial dysfunction of epicardial coronary arteries associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2006, 47, 702-710.
18. Usman; Hosono, A. Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. J. Dairy Res. 2001, 68, 617-624.
19. Friedewald, W. T.; Levy, R. I.; Fredrickson, D. S. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 1972, 18, 499-502.
20. Schimke, I.; Romaniuk, P.; Schimke, E.; Papies, B. Concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the plasma of patients with atherosclerosis with different localizations and different degrees of severity. Z. Med. Lab. Diagn. 1990, 31, 176-180.
21. Mabile, L.; Fitoussi, G.; Periquet, B.; Schmitt, A.; Salvayre, R.; Negre-Salvayre, A. alpha-Tocopherol and trolox block the early intracellular events (TBARS and calcium rises) elicited by oxidized low-density lipoproteins in cultured endothelial cells. Free Radical Biol. Med. 1995, 19, 177-187.
22. Ohkawa, H.; Ohishi, N.; Yagi, K: Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 1979, 95, 351-358.
23. Miller, N. J.; Rice-Evans, C.; Davies, M. J.; Gopinathan, V.; Milner, A. A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clin. Sci. (London) 1993, 84, 407-412.
24. Beers, R. F. J.; Sizer, I. W. A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Biol. Chem. 1952, 195, 133-140.
25. Lee, C. L.; Wang, J. J.; Pan, T. M. Synchronous analysis method for detection of citrinin and the lactone and acid forms of monacolin K in red mold rice. J. AOAC Int. 2006, 89, 669-677.
26. Lin, C. F.; Iizuka, H. Production of Extracellular Pigment by a Mutant of Monascus kaoliang sp. nov. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1982, 43, 671-676.
27. Aniya, Y.; Yokomakura, T.; Yonamine, M.; Shimada, K.; Nagamine, T.; Shimabukuro, M.; Gibo, H. Screening of antioxidant action of various molds and protection of Monascus anka against experimentally induced liver injuries of rats. Gen. Pharmacol. 1999, 32, 225-231.
28. Oyaizu, M. Antioxidative activity of browning products of glucosamine fractionated by organic solvent and thin-layer chromatography. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 1986, 35, 771-775.
29. Lingnert, H.; Vallentin, K.; Eriksson, C. E. Measurement of antioxidative in model system. J. Food Process. Preserv. 1979, 3, 87-103.
30. Zawadzka-Bartczak, E. Activities of red blood cell anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD, GPx) and total anti-oxidative capacity of serum (TAS) in men with coronary atherosclerosis and in healthy pilots. Med. Sci. Monit. 2005, 11, CR440-444.
31. Kratz, M. Dietary cholesterol, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 2005, 170, 195-213.
32. Chen, F.; Hu, X. Study on red fermented rice with high concentration of monacolin K and low concentration of citrinin. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2005, 103, 331-337.
33. Wang, J. J.; Lee, C. L.; Pan, T. M. Improvement of monacolin K, gamma-aminobutyric acid and citrinin production ratio as a function of environmental conditions of Monascus purpureus NTU 601. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2003, 30, 669-676.
34. Zhu, M.; Wong, P. Y.; Li, R. C. Effects of taraxacum mongolicum on the bioavailability and disposition of ciprofloxacin in rats. J. Pharm. Sci. 1999, 88, 632-634.
35. Yan, R.; Lin, G.; Ko, N. L.; Tam, Y. K. Low oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide a, a major bioactive component in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, in the rat. Ther. Drug Monit. 2007, 29, 49-56.
36. Liczmanski, A. E. Oxygen toxicity. II. Defense mechanisms. Postepy Biochem. 1988, 34, 293-310.
37. Baskin, Y.; Baskin, H.; Guner, G.; Tuzun, E.; Oto, O. The inversely proportional relation between nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic plaque formation in human. Int. J. Cardiol. 2003, 91, 53-57.
38. Juzlova, P.; Martinkova, L.; Kren, V. Secondary metabolites of the fungus Monascus: a review. J. Ind. Microbiol. 1996, 16, 163-170.
39. Rhyu, M. R.; Kim, D. K.; Kim, H. Y.; Kim, B. K. Nitric oxide-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat thoracic aorta induced by aqueous extract of red rice fermented with Monascus ruber. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000, 70, 29-34.
40. Jeon, J. R.; Lee, J. S.; Lee, C. H.; Kim, J. Y.; Kim, S. D.; Nam, D. H. Effect of ethanol extract of dried Chinese yam (Dioscorea batatas) flour containing dioscin on gastrointestinal function in rat model. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2006, 29, 348-353.
41. Misaki, A.; Ito, T.; Harada, T. Constitutional studies on the mucilage of yamanoimo, Dioscorea batatas Decne, forma Tsukune. Isolation and structure of a mannan. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1972, 36, 761-771.