메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 161-171

Cannabis use, first-episode psychosis, and schizotypy: A summary and synthesis of recent literature

Author keywords

Cannabis; First episode psychosis; Marijuana; Psychosis; Schizophrenia; Schizotypy

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS;

EID: 34548303250     PISSN: 15734005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157340007781369658     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (20)

References (166)
  • 2
    • 0031255540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia: A neural diathesis-stress model
    • Walker EF, Diforio D. Schizophrenia: A neural diathesis-stress model. Psychol Rev 1997; 104: 667-685.
    • (1997) Psychol Rev , vol.104 , pp. 667-685
    • Walker, E.F.1    Diforio, D.2
  • 3
    • 34548314704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tully EM, McGlashan TH. The prodrome. In: Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, Perkins DO. Textbook of Schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2006, 341-352.
    • Tully EM, McGlashan TH. The prodrome. In: Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, Perkins DO. Textbook of Schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2006, 341-352.
  • 4
    • 0025003904 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of adult-onset schizophrenia from childhood home movies of the patients
    • Walker E, Lewine RJ. Prediction of adult-onset schizophrenia from childhood home movies of the patients. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1052-1056.
    • (1990) Am J Psychiatry , vol.147 , pp. 1052-1056
    • Walker, E.1    Lewine, R.J.2
  • 5
    • 0036894433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based cohort study of premorbid intellectual, language, and behavioral functioning in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder
    • Reichenberg A, Weiser M, Rabinowitz J, et al. A population-based cohort study of premorbid intellectual, language, and behavioral functioning in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 2027-2035.
    • (2002) Am J Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 2027-2035
    • Reichenberg, A.1    Weiser, M.2    Rabinowitz, J.3
  • 6
    • 3042664383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid functioning in schizophrenia: Relation to baseline symptoms, treatment response, and medication side effects
    • Strous RD, Alvir JMJ, Robinson D, et al. Premorbid functioning in schizophrenia: Relation to baseline symptoms, treatment response, and medication side effects. Schizophr Bull 2004; 30: 265-278.
    • (2004) Schizophr Bull , vol.30 , pp. 265-278
    • Strous, R.D.1    Alvir, J.M.J.2    Robinson, D.3
  • 8
    • 0033936744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia as a disorder of developmentally reduced synaptic connectivity
    • McGlashan TH, Hoffman RE. Schizophrenia as a disorder of developmentally reduced synaptic connectivity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 637-648.
    • (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 637-648
    • McGlashan, T.H.1    Hoffman, R.E.2
  • 9
    • 33746654582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic plasticity and dysconnection in schizophrenia
    • Stephan KE, Baldeweg T, Friston KJ. Synaptic plasticity and dysconnection in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 59: 929-939.
    • (2006) Biol Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 929-939
    • Stephan, K.E.1    Baldeweg, T.2    Friston, K.J.3
  • 10
    • 33644830750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a role for social factors in a comprehensive developmental model for schizophrenia?
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Boydell J, van Os J, Murray RM. Is there a role for social factors in a comprehensive developmental model for schizophrenia? In: Keshavan M, Kennedy J, Murray R. Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 224-247.
    • (2004) Keshavan M, Kennedy J, Murray R. Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia , pp. 224-247
    • Boydell, J.1    van Os, J.2    Murray, R.M.3
  • 12
    • 20944446077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: Longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction
    • Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Cannon M, et al. Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: Longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1117-1127.
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 1117-1127
    • Caspi, A.1    Moffitt, T.E.2    Cannon, M.3
  • 13
    • 0028325963 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features of schizotypal personality
    • Raine A, Reynolds C, Lencz T, et al. Cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophr Bull 1994; 20: 191-201.
    • (1994) Schizophr Bull , vol.20 , pp. 191-201
    • Raine, A.1    Reynolds, C.2    Lencz, T.3
  • 14
    • 0029958233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The factorial structure of schizotypy: Part I. affinities with syndromes of schizophrenia
    • Gruzelier JH. The factorial structure of schizotypy: part I. affinities with syndromes of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1996; 22: 611-620.
    • (1996) Schizophr Bull , vol.22 , pp. 611-620
    • Gruzelier, J.H.1
  • 15
    • 0033856829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizotypal symptoms in the relatives of schizophrenia patients: An empirical analysis of the factor structure
    • Bergman AJ, Silverman JM, Harvey PD, Smith CJ, Siever LJ. Schizotypal symptoms in the relatives of schizophrenia patients: An empirical analysis of the factor structure. Schizophr Bull 2000; 26: 577-586.
    • (2000) Schizophr Bull , vol.26 , pp. 577-586
    • Bergman, A.J.1    Silverman, J.M.2    Harvey, P.D.3    Smith, C.J.4    Siever, L.J.5
  • 16
    • 0034940620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and schizotypal symptoms in nonpsychotic relatives
    • Fanous A, Gardner C, Walsh D, Kendler KS. Relationship between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and schizotypal symptoms in nonpsychotic relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 669-673.
    • (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 669-673
    • Fanous, A.1    Gardner, C.2    Walsh, D.3    Kendler, K.S.4
  • 17
    • 1542344028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorders: Perspectives from the spectrum
    • Siever LJ, Davis KL. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorders: Perspectives from the spectrum. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 398-413.
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 398-413
    • Siever, L.J.1    Davis, K.L.2
  • 18
    • 0028293133 scopus 로고
    • Single indicator of risk for schizophrenia: Probable fact or likely myth?
    • Claridge GS. Single indicator of risk for schizophrenia: Probable fact or likely myth? Schizophr Bull 1994; 20: 151-168.
    • (1994) Schizophr Bull , vol.20 , pp. 151-168
    • Claridge, G.S.1
  • 19
    • 28244445931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizotypal personality disorder or prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia?
    • Bedwell JS, Donnelly RS. Schizotypal personality disorder or prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 2005; 80: 263-269.
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.80 , pp. 263-269
    • Bedwell, J.S.1    Donnelly, R.S.2
  • 20
    • 33847045161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
    • American Psychiatric Association APA, Fourth Edition, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000: 685-729.
    • (2000) Text Revision , pp. 685-729
  • 21
    • 0028918476 scopus 로고
    • Schizotypal symptoms and signs in the Roscommon Family Study. Their factor structure and familial relationship with psychotic and affective disorders
    • Kendler KS, McGuire M, Gruenberg AM, Walsh D. Schizotypal symptoms and signs in the Roscommon Family Study. Their factor structure and familial relationship with psychotic and affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52: 296-303.
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 296-303
    • Kendler, K.S.1    McGuire, M.2    Gruenberg, A.M.3    Walsh, D.4
  • 22
    • 27644518175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deconstructing the familiality of the emotive component of psychotic experiences in the general population
    • Jacobs N, Myin-Germeys I, Derom C, Vlietinck R, van Os J. Deconstructing the familiality of the emotive component of psychotic experiences in the general population Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005; 112: 394-401.
    • (2005) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.112 , pp. 394-401
    • Jacobs, N.1    Myin-Germeys, I.2    Derom, C.3    Vlietinck, R.4    van Os, J.5
  • 23
    • 0035093031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental influences on schizotypy: A community-based twin study
    • MacDonald AW 3rd, Pogue-Geile MF, Debski TT, Manuck S. Genetic and environmental influences on schizotypy: a community-based twin study. Schizophr Bull 2001; 27: 47-58.
    • (2001) Schizophr Bull , vol.27 , pp. 47-58
    • MacDonald 3rd, A.W.1    Pogue-Geile, M.F.2    Debski, T.T.3    Manuck, S.4
  • 25
    • 33750041616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensional representations of DSM-IV cluster A personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: A multivariate study
    • Kendler KS, Czajkowski N, Tambs K, et al. Dimensional representations of DSM-IV cluster A personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: a multivariate study. Psychol Med 2006; 36: 1583-1591.
    • (2006) Psychol Med , vol.36 , pp. 1583-1591
    • Kendler, K.S.1    Czajkowski, N.2    Tambs, K.3
  • 26
    • 0035280534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use is associated with schizotypy and attentional disinhibition
    • Skosnik PD, Spatz-Glenn L, Park S. Cannabis use is associated with schizotypy and attentional disinhibition. Schizophr Res 2001; 48: 83-92.
    • (2001) Schizophr Res , vol.48 , pp. 83-92
    • Skosnik, P.D.1    Spatz-Glenn, L.2    Park, S.3
  • 27
    • 28644445075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and subacute psychomimetic effects of cannabis in humans
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Castle DJ, Solowij N. Acute and subacute psychomimetic effects of cannabis in humans. In: Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 41-53.
    • (2004) Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness , pp. 41-53
    • Castle, D.J.1    Solowij, N.2
  • 28
    • 0032872486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of cannabis and cannabinoids
    • Ashton CH. Adverse effects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83: 637-649.
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.83 , pp. 637-649
    • Ashton, C.H.1
  • 29
    • 0035138027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review
    • Ashton CH. Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 101-106.
    • (2001) Br J Psychiatry , vol.178 , pp. 101-106
    • Ashton, C.H.1
  • 30
    • 34548312608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid system: From the point of view of a chemist
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Mechoulam R, Hanus L. The cannabinoid system: from the point of view of a chemist. In: Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 1-8.
    • (2004) Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness , pp. 1-8
    • Mechoulam, R.1    Hanus, L.2
  • 31
    • 0029019164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Musty RE, Reggio P, Consroe P. A review of recent advances in cannabinoid research and the 1994 International Symposium on Cannabis and the Cannabinoids. Life Sci 1995; 56: 1933-1940.
    • Musty RE, Reggio P, Consroe P. A review of recent advances in cannabinoid research and the 1994 International Symposium on Cannabis and the Cannabinoids. Life Sci 1995; 56: 1933-1940.
  • 32
    • 0029830331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis: Pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans
    • Adams IB, Martin BR. Cannabis: pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans. Addiction 1996; 91: 1585-1614
    • (1996) Addiction , vol.91 , pp. 1585-1614
    • Adams, I.B.1    Martin, B.R.2
  • 34
    • 33847045161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
    • American Psychiatric Association APA, Fourth Edition, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
    • (2000) Text Revision
  • 35
    • 34548355296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA). Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NSDUH Series H-25. DHHS Pub. No. 04-3964. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA, 2005a.
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA). Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NSDUH Series H-25. DHHS Pub. No. 04-3964. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA, 2005a.
  • 36
    • 34548298028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA, Accessed on June 22, 2006
    • National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Marijuana Info Facts. Accessed on June 22, 2006. http://www.drugabuse.gov/PDF/Info-Facts/ Marijuana06.pdf.
    • Marijuana Info Facts
  • 37
    • 0028804220 scopus 로고
    • Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems
    • Anthony JC, Petronis KR. Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems. Drug Alc Depend 1995; 40: 9-15.
    • (1995) Drug Alc Depend , vol.40 , pp. 9-15
    • Anthony, J.C.1    Petronis, K.R.2
  • 38
    • 0032228998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at onset of drug use and its association with DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence: Results from the national longitudinal alcohol epidemiologic survey
    • Grant BF, Dawson DA. Age at onset of drug use and its association with DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence: results from the national longitudinal alcohol epidemiologic survey. J Subst Abuse 1998; 10: 163-173.
    • (1998) J Subst Abuse , vol.10 , pp. 163-173
    • Grant, B.F.1    Dawson, D.A.2
  • 39
    • 0037460177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls
    • Lynseky MT, Heath AC, Bucholz KK, et al. Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls. JAMA 2003; 289: 427-433.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 427-433
    • Lynseky, M.T.1    Heath, A.C.2    Bucholz, K.K.3
  • 40
    • 2342518813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Marijuana Use Disorders in the United States: 1991-1992 and 2001-2002
    • Compton WT, Grant BF, Colliver JD, et al. Prevalence of Marijuana Use Disorders in the United States: 1991-1992 and 2001-2002. JAMA 2004a; 291: 2114-2121.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 2114-2121
    • Compton, W.T.1    Grant, B.F.2    Colliver, J.D.3
  • 42
    • 0028156958 scopus 로고
    • Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States
    • Kessler RC, McGonagh KA, Zaho S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 8-19.
    • (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 8-19
    • Kessler, R.C.1    McGonagh, K.A.2    Zaho, S.3
  • 43
    • 33748500815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use disorders in the USA: Prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity
    • Stinson FS, Ruan WJ, Pickering R, Grant BF. Cannabis use disorders in the USA: prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity. Psychol Med 2006; 36: 1447-1460.
    • (2006) Psychol Med , vol.36 , pp. 1447-1460
    • Stinson, F.S.1    Ruan, W.J.2    Pickering, R.3    Grant, B.F.4
  • 44
    • 34548321844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA). Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). Highlights - 2003. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, DASIS Series: S-27, DHHS Publication No. (SMA 05-4043), Rockville, MD, 2005b.
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA). Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). Highlights - 2003. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, DASIS Series: S-27, DHHS Publication No. (SMA 05-4043), Rockville, MD, 2005b.
  • 45
    • 33644925868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use and the mental health of young people
    • Hall WD. Cannabis use and the mental health of young people. Austr NZ J Psychiatry 2006; 40: 105-113.
    • (2006) Austr NZ J Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 105-113
    • Hall, W.D.1
  • 46
    • 0026526559 scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and psychotic illness
    • Mathers DC, Ghodse AH. Cannabis and psychotic illness. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 161: 648-653.
    • (1992) Br J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 648-653
    • Mathers, D.C.1    Ghodse, A.H.2
  • 47
    • 0036218150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis-induced psychosis: A cross-sectional comparison with acute schizophrenia
    • Nunez LA, Gurpegui M. Cannabis-induced psychosis: a cross-sectional comparison with acute schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002; 105: 173-178.
    • (2002) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.105 , pp. 173-178
    • Nunez, L.A.1    Gurpegui, M.2
  • 48
    • 28644440381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis-induced psychosis and subsequent schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: Follow-up study of 535 incident cases
    • Arendt M, Rosenberg R, Foldager L, Perto G, Munk-Jørgensen P. Cannabis-induced psychosis and subsequent schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: follow-up study of 535 incident cases. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 187: 510-515.
    • (2005) Br J Psychiatry , vol.187 , pp. 510-515
    • Arendt, M.1    Rosenberg, R.2    Foldager, L.3    Perto, G.4    Munk-Jørgensen, P.5
  • 49
    • 0028903746 scopus 로고
    • Morbid risk of schizophrenia for relatives of patients with cannabis-associated psychosis
    • McGuire PK, Jones P, Harvey I, Williams M, McGuffin P, Murray RM. Morbid risk of schizophrenia for relatives of patients with cannabis-associated psychosis. Schizophr Res 1995; 15: 277-281.
    • (1995) Schizophr Res , vol.15 , pp. 277-281
    • McGuire, P.K.1    Jones, P.2    Harvey, I.3    Williams, M.4    McGuffin, P.5    Murray, R.M.6
  • 50
    • 0028360998 scopus 로고
    • Drug abuse in schizophrenia: Comparison of patients who began drug abuse before their first admission with those who began abusing drugs after their first admission
    • Silver H, Abboud E. Drug abuse in schizophrenia: Comparison of patients who began drug abuse before their first admission with those who began abusing drugs after their first admission. Schizophr Res 1994; 13: 57-63.
    • (1994) Schizophr Res , vol.13 , pp. 57-63
    • Silver, H.1    Abboud, E.2
  • 51
    • 0031774802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and severity of substance use disorder and onset of psychosis in first-admission psychotic patients
    • Rabinowitz J, Bromet EJ, Lavelle J, et al. Prevalence and severity of substance use disorder and onset of psychosis in first-admission psychotic patients. Psychol Med 1998; 28: 1411-1419.
    • (1998) Psychol Med , vol.28 , pp. 1411-1419
    • Rabinowitz, J.1    Bromet, E.J.2    Lavelle, J.3
  • 52
    • 0035726879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of substance abuse in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
    • Sevy S, Robinson DG, Solloway S, et al. Correlates of substance abuse in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001; 104: 367-374.
    • (2001) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.104 , pp. 367-374
    • Sevy, S.1    Robinson, D.G.2    Solloway, S.3
  • 53
    • 0036536508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation and determination of the onset and course of schizophrenia by substance abuse - a retrospective and prospective study of 232 population-based first illness episodes
    • Bühler B, Hambrecht M, Löffler W, an der Heiden W, Häfner H. Precipitation and determination of the onset and course of schizophrenia by substance abuse - a retrospective and prospective study of 232 population-based first illness episodes. Schizophr Res 2002; 54: 243-251.
    • (2002) Schizophr Res , vol.54 , pp. 243-251
    • Bühler, B.1    Hambrecht, M.2    Löffler, W.3    an der Heiden, W.4    Häfner, H.5
  • 54
    • 28644448089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis abuse and the course of schizophrenia
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Linszen D, Peters B, de Haan L. Cannabis abuse and the course of schizophrenia. In: Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 119-126.
    • (2004) Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness , pp. 119-126
    • Linszen, D.1    Peters, B.2    de Haan, L.3
  • 56
    • 0027231647 scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of cases treated in Stockholm county
    • Allebeck P, Adamsson C, Engstrom A, et al. Cannabis and schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of cases treated in Stockholm county. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993; 88: 21-24.
    • (1993) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.88 , pp. 21-24
    • Allebeck, P.1    Adamsson, C.2    Engstrom, A.3
  • 57
    • 0028316414 scopus 로고
    • Cannabis abuse and the course of recent onset schizophrenic disorders
    • Linszen DH, Dingemans PM, Lenior ME. Cannabis abuse and the course of recent onset schizophrenic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 273-279.
    • (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 273-279
    • Linszen, D.H.1    Dingemans, P.M.2    Lenior, M.E.3
  • 59
    • 1942502359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use and the risk of later schizophrenia: A review
    • Smit F, Boiler L, Cuijpers P. Cannabis use and the risk of later schizophrenia: A review. Addiction 2004; 99: 425-430.
    • (2004) Addiction , vol.99 , pp. 425-430
    • Smit, F.1    Boiler, L.2    Cuijpers, P.3
  • 60
    • 29844433243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis consumption and risk of developing schizophrenia: Myth or reality
    • Di Forti M, Murray RM. Cannabis consumption and risk of developing schizophrenia: Myth or reality. Epidemiol Psichiatri Sociale 2005; 14: 184-187.
    • (2005) Epidemiol Psichiatri Sociale , vol.14 , pp. 184-187
    • Di Forti, M.1    Murray, R.M.2
  • 61
    • 24344470642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The environment and schizophrenia: The role of cannabis use
    • Henquet C, Murray R, Linszen D, van Os J. The environment and schizophrenia: The role of cannabis use. Schizophr Bull 2005; 31: 608-612.
    • (2005) Schizophr Bull , vol.31 , pp. 608-612
    • Henquet, C.1    Murray, R.2    Linszen, D.3    van Os, J.4
  • 62
    • 17444413053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting the association between cannabis use and increased risk for schizophrenia
    • Weiser M, Noy S. Interpreting the association between cannabis use and increased risk for schizophrenia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2005; 7: 81-85.
    • (2005) Dialogues Clin Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 81-85
    • Weiser, M.1    Noy, S.2
  • 63
    • 0000735519 scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and schizophrenia. A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts
    • Andréasson S, Allebeck P, Engström A, et al. Cannabis and schizophrenia. A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet 1987, 2: 1483-1486.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1483-1486
    • Andréasson, S.1    Allebeck, P.2    Engström, A.3
  • 64
    • 0024376141 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia in users and nonusers of cannabis. A longitudinal study in Stockholm County
    • Andréasson S, Allebeck P, Rydberg U. Schizophrenia in users and nonusers of cannabis. A longitudinal study in Stockholm County. Acta Psychiatr Scan 1989; 79: 505-510.
    • (1989) Acta Psychiatr Scan , vol.79 , pp. 505-510
    • Andréasson, S.1    Allebeck, P.2    Rydberg, U.3
  • 65
    • 34548362180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does drug abuse interact with familial and developmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia?
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Chen CK, Murray RM. How does drug abuse interact with familial and developmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia? In: Keshavan M, Kennedy J, Murray R. Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 248-269.
    • (2004) Keshavan M, Kennedy J, Murray R. Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia , pp. 248-269
    • Chen, C.K.1    Murray, R.M.2
  • 66
    • 0037164374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: Historical cohort study
    • Zammit S, Allebeck P, Andréasson S, Lundberg I, Lewis G. Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: Historical cohort study. BMJ 2002; 325: 1199-1203.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 1199-1203
    • Zammit, S.1    Allebeck, P.2    Andréasson, S.3    Lundberg, I.4    Lewis, G.5
  • 67
    • 0037164390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: Longitudinal prospective study
    • Arseneault L, Cannorr M, Poulton R, et al. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: Longitudinal prospective study. BMJ 2002; 325: 1212-1213.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 1212-1213
    • Arseneault, L.1    Cannorr, M.2    Poulton, R.3
  • 68
    • 0242285722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported drug abuse in male adolescents with behavioral disturbances, and follow-up for future schizophrenia
    • Weiser M, Reichenberg A, Rabinowitz J, et al. Self-reported drug abuse in male adolescents with behavioral disturbances, and follow-up for future schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54: 655-660.
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 655-660
    • Weiser, M.1    Reichenberg, A.2    Rabinowitz, J.3
  • 70
    • 4644371985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the party over? Cannabis and juvenile psychiatric disorder The past 10 years
    • Rey JM, Martin A, Krabman P. Is the party over? Cannabis and juvenile psychiatric disorder The past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 43: 1194-1205.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 1194-1205
    • Rey, J.M.1    Martin, A.2    Krabman, P.3
  • 71
    • 26844527863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis - psychosis pathway independent of other types of psychopathology
    • Ferdinand RF, Van der Ende J, Bongers I, et al. Cannabis - psychosis pathway independent of other types of psychopathology. Schizophr Res 2005; 79: 289-295.
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.79 , pp. 289-295
    • Ferdinand, R.F.1    Van der Ende, J.2    Bongers, I.3
  • 73
    • 12344327212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: On the matter of their convergence
    • Harrison PJ, Weinberger DR. Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: On the matter of their convergence. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10: 40-68.
    • (2005) Mol Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 40-68
    • Harrison, P.J.1    Weinberger, D.R.2
  • 74
    • 34548302152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 158Met moderation of cannabis induced psychosis: An experience sampling study (ESM) (abstract)
    • 158Met moderation of cannabis induced psychosis: An experience sampling study (ESM) (abstract). Schizopbr Res 2006; 86: S25.
    • (2006) Schizopbr Res , vol.86
    • Henquet, C.E.C.1    Rosa, A.2    van Os, J.3    Myin-Germeys, I.4
  • 75
    • 0037103169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use and psychosis: A longitudinal population-based study
    • van Os J, Bak M, Bijl RV, et al. Cannabis use and psychosis: A longitudinal population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 319-327.
    • (2002) Am J Epidemiol , vol.156 , pp. 319-327
    • van Os, J.1    Bak, M.2    Bijl, R.V.3
  • 76
    • 0037237704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cannabis and psychosis vulnerability in daily life: An experience sampling test study
    • Verdoux H, Gindre C, Sorbara F, et al. Effects of cannabis and psychosis vulnerability in daily life: An experience sampling test study. Psychol Med 2003; 33: 23-32.
    • (2003) Psychol Med , vol.33 , pp. 23-32
    • Verdoux, H.1    Gindre, C.2    Sorbara, F.3
  • 77
    • 0442307621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: Examination of the evidence
    • Arseneault L, Cannon M, Witton J, et al. Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: Examination of the evidence. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184: 110-117.
    • (2004) Br J Psychiatry , vol.184 , pp. 110-117
    • Arseneault, L.1    Cannon, M.2    Witton, J.3
  • 78
    • 17744379225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis as a risk factor for psychosis: Systematic review
    • Semple DM, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Cannabis as a risk factor for psychosis: Systematic review. J Psychopharmacol. 2005; 19: 187-194.
    • (2005) J Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 187-194
    • Semple, D.M.1    McIntosh, A.M.2    Lawrie, S.M.3
  • 79
    • 18344396274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategy for investigating interactions between measured genes and measured environments
    • Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Rutter M. Strategy for investigating interactions between measured genes and measured environments. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 473-481
    • (2005) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 473-481
    • Moffitt, T.E.1    Caspi, A.2    Rutter, M.3
  • 80
    • 4944222090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use and psychotic disorders: An update
    • Hall W, Degenhardt L, Teesson M. Cannabis use and psychotic disorders: An update. Drug Alc Rev 2004; 23: 433-443.
    • (2004) Drug Alc Rev , vol.23 , pp. 433-443
    • Hall, W.1    Degenhardt, L.2    Teesson, M.3
  • 81
    • 11244260452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people
    • Henquet C, Krabbendam L, Spauwen J, et al. Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people. BMJ 2004; 330:11-16.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 11-16
    • Henquet, C.1    Krabbendam, L.2    Spauwen, J.3
  • 82
    • 0442288636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and psychosis proneness
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Verdoux H. Cannabis and psychosis proneness. In: Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 75-88.
    • (2004) Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness , pp. 75-88
    • Verdoux, H.1
  • 83
    • 12444281775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives in the studies on endocannabinoid and cannabis: Cannabinoid receptors and schizophrenia
    • Ujike H, Morita Y. New perspectives in the studies on endocannabinoid and cannabis: Cannabinoid receptors and schizophrenia. J Pharmacol Sri 2004; 96: 376-381.
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Sri , vol.96 , pp. 376-381
    • Ujike, H.1    Morita, Y.2
  • 84
    • 0024263922 scopus 로고
    • Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain
    • Devane WA, Dysarz FA, Johnson MR, et al. Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain. Mol Pharmacol 1988; 34: 605-613.
    • (1988) Mol Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 605-613
    • Devane, W.A.1    Dysarz, F.A.2    Johnson, M.R.3
  • 85
    • 0038692066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and the brain
    • Iversen L. Cannabis and the brain. Brain 2003; 126: 1252-1270.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 1252-1270
    • Iversen, L.1
  • 86
    • 28644445598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How cannabis works in the brain
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Iversen L. How cannabis works in the brain. In: Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 19-40.
    • (2004) Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness , pp. 19-40
    • Iversen, L.1
  • 87
    • 25444472972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endogenous cannabinoid system in schizophrenia
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Sundram, S, Dean B, Copolov D. The endogenous cannabinoid system in schizophrenia. In: Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 127-141.
    • (2004) Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness , pp. 127-141
    • Sundram, S.1    Dean, B.2    Copolov, D.3
  • 88
    • 0442304543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid 'model' psychosis, dopamine-cannabinoid interactions and implications for schizophrenia
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • D'Souza DC, Cho H-S, Perry EB, Krystal JH. Cannabinoid 'model' psychosis, dopamine-cannabinoid interactions and implications for schizophrenia. In: Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 142-165.
    • (2004) Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness , pp. 142-165
    • D'Souza, D.C.1    Cho, H.-S.2    Perry, E.B.3    Krystal, J.H.4
  • 89
    • 4944255287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis
    • Zammit S, Lewis G. Exploring the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. Addiction 2004; 99: 1353-1355.
    • (2004) Addiction , vol.99 , pp. 1353-1355
    • Zammit, S.1    Lewis, G.2
  • 90
    • 0035961131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3H]CP-55940 binding in the human central nervous system: Regional specific changes in density of cannabinoid-1 receptors associated with schizophrenia and cannabis use
    • 3H]CP-55940 binding in the human central nervous system: Regional specific changes in density of cannabinoid-1 receptors associated with schizophrenia and cannabis use. Neurosci 2001; 103; 9-15.
    • (2001) Neurosci , vol.103 , pp. 9-15
    • Dean, B.1    Sundram, S.2    Bradbury, R.3    Scarr, E.4    Copolov, D.5
  • 91
    • 1642523101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3H]SR141716A binding to cannabinoid CB1 receptors is increased in the amenor cingulate cortex in schizophrenia
    • 3H]SR141716A binding to cannabinoid CB1 receptors is increased in the amenor cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Progress Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004; 28: 355-360.
    • (2004) Progress Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 355-360
    • Zavitsanou, K.1    Garrick, T.2    Huang, X.F.3
  • 93
    • 8444242207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal anandaminde levels are elevated in acute schizophrenia and are inversely correlated with psychotic symptoms
    • Giuffrida A, Leweke FM, Gerth CW, et al. Cerebrospinal anandaminde levels are elevated in acute schizophrenia and are inversely correlated with psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychopharmacol 2004; 29: 2108-2114.
    • (2004) Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.29 , pp. 2108-2114
    • Giuffrida, A.1    Leweke, F.M.2    Gerth, C.W.3
  • 95
    • 0035829972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia and the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1): Association study using a single-base polymorphism in coding exon 1
    • Leroy S, Griffon N, Bourdel MC, Olié JP, Poirier MF, Krebs MO. Schizophrenia and the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1): Association study using a single-base polymorphism in coding exon 1. Am J Med Genet (Neuropsychiatr Genet) 2001; 105: 749-752.
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet (Neuropsychiatr Genet) , vol.105 , pp. 749-752
    • Leroy, S.1    Griffon, N.2    Bourdel, M.C.3    Olié, J.P.4    Poirier, M.F.5    Krebs, M.O.6
  • 96
    • 0035985477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNR1, central cannabinoid receptor gene, associated with susceptibility to hebephrenic schizophrenia
    • Ujike H, Takaki M, Nakata K, et al. CNR1, central cannabinoid receptor gene, associated with susceptibility to hebephrenic schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7: 515-518.
    • (2002) Mol Psychiatry , vol.7 , pp. 515-518
    • Ujike, H.1    Takaki, M.2    Nakata, K.3
  • 97
    • 0025226205 scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) Study
    • Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) Study. JAMA 1990; 264: 2511-2518.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 2511-2518
    • Regier, D.A.1    Farmer, M.E.2    Rae, D.S.3
  • 98
    • 0024358472 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol use and abuse in schizophrenia: A prospective community study
    • Drake RE, Osher FC, Wallach MA. Alcohol use and abuse in schizophrenia: A prospective community study. J Nerv Ment Dis 1989; 177: 408-414.
    • (1989) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.177 , pp. 408-414
    • Drake, R.E.1    Osher, F.C.2    Wallach, M.A.3
  • 99
    • 0025356975 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: Demographic and clinical correlates
    • Mueser KT, Yarnold PR, Levinson DR, et al. Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: Demographic and clinical correlates. Schizophr Bull 1990; 16: 31-56.
    • (1990) Schizophr Bull , vol.16 , pp. 31-56
    • Mueser, K.T.1    Yarnold, P.R.2    Levinson, D.R.3
  • 100
    • 0026495706 scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity of schizophrenia and substance abuse: Implications for treatment
    • Mueser KT, Bellack AS, Blanchard JJ. Comorbidity of schizophrenia and substance abuse: Implications for treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol 1992; 60: 845-856.
    • (1992) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.60 , pp. 845-856
    • Mueser, K.T.1    Bellack, A.S.2    Blanchard, J.J.3
  • 101
    • 0027286654 scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity in psychosis at first hospitalization
    • Strakowski SM, Tohen M, Stoll AL, et al. Comorbidity in psychosis at first hospitalization. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 752-757.
    • (1993) Am J Psychiatry , vol.150 , pp. 752-757
    • Strakowski, S.M.1    Tohen, M.2    Stoll, A.L.3
  • 102
    • 33750625939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance abuse in first-episode non-affective psychosis
    • Larsen TK, Melle I, Auestad B, et al. Substance abuse in first-episode non-affective psychosis. Schizophr Res 2006; 88: 55-62.
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.88 , pp. 55-62
    • Larsen, T.K.1    Melle, I.2    Auestad, B.3
  • 103
    • 26644453329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis
    • Green B, Young R, Kavanagh D. Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 187: 306-313.
    • (2005) Br J Psychiatry , vol.187 , pp. 306-313
    • Green, B.1    Young, R.2    Kavanagh, D.3
  • 104
    • 0030560972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance abuse and the onset of schizophrenia
    • Hambrecht M, Häfner H. Substance abuse and the onset of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 40: 1155-1163.
    • (1996) Biol Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 1155-1163
    • Hambrecht, M.1    Häfner, H.2
  • 105
    • 0036920082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and schizophrenia: Impact on onset, course, psychopathology and outcomes
    • Bersani G, Orlandi V, Kotzalidis GD, et al. Cannabis and schizophrenia: Impact on onset, course, psychopathology and outcomes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 252: 86-92.
    • (2002) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.252 , pp. 86-92
    • Bersani, G.1    Orlandi, V.2    Kotzalidis, G.D.3
  • 106
    • 0036135401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problematic cannabis use amongst those with severe mental health problems in an inner city area of the UK
    • Graham HL, Maslin J. Problematic cannabis use amongst those with severe mental health problems in an inner city area of the UK. Addictive Behav 2002; 27: 261-273.
    • (2002) Addictive Behav , vol.27 , pp. 261-273
    • Graham, H.L.1    Maslin, J.2
  • 107
    • 33747158235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis abuse are partially explained by co-morbid addiction
    • Dubertret C, Bidard I, Adès J, Gorwood P. Lifetime positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis abuse are partially explained by co-morbid addiction. Schizophr Res 2006; 86: 284-290.
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.86 , pp. 284-290
    • Dubertret, C.1    Bidard, I.2    Adès, J.3    Gorwood, P.4
  • 108
    • 33747170367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychotic symptom and cannabis relapse in recent-onset psychosis
    • Hides L, Dawe S, Kavanagh DJ, Young RM. Psychotic symptom and cannabis relapse in recent-onset psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 189: 137-143.
    • (2006) Br J Psychiatry , vol.189 , pp. 137-143
    • Hides, L.1    Dawe, S.2    Kavanagh, D.J.3    Young, R.M.4
  • 109
    • 0032989953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of substance misuse in first-episode psychosis
    • Cantwell R, Brewin J, Glazebrook C, et al. Prevalence of substance misuse in first-episode psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 150-153.
    • (1999) Br J Psychiatry , vol.174 , pp. 150-153
    • Cantwell, R.1    Brewin, J.2    Glazebrook, C.3
  • 110
    • 0343183238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis, vulnerability, and the onset of schizophrenia: An epidemiological perspective
    • Hambrecht M, Hafner, H. Cannabis, vulnerability, and the onset of schizophrenia: An epidemiological perspective. Austr NZ J Psychiatry 2000; 34: 468-75.
    • (2000) Austr NZ J Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 468-475
    • Hambrecht, M.1    Hafner, H.2
  • 111
    • 0035710323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of an early psychosis program on substance use
    • Addington J, Addington D. Impact of an early psychosis program on substance use. Psychiatr Rehab J 2001; 25: 60-68.
    • Psychiatr Rehab , vol.J 2001 , Issue.25 , pp. 60-68
    • Addington, J.1    Addington, D.2
  • 112
    • 4444326340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower negative symptom scores among cannabis-dependent patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: Preliminary evidence from an African American first-episode sample
    • Compton MT, Furman AC, Kaslow NJ. Lower negative symptom scores among cannabis-dependent patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: Preliminary evidence from an African American first-episode sample. Schizophr Res 2004; 71: 61-64.
    • (2004) Schizophr Res , vol.71 , pp. 61-64
    • Compton, M.T.1    Furman, A.C.2    Kaslow, N.J.3
  • 113
    • 33644745163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbid substance use and age at onset of schizophrenia
    • Barnes TRE, Mutsatsa SH, Hutton SB, et al. Comorbid substance use and age at onset of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 188: 237-242.
    • (2006) Br J Psychiatry , vol.188 , pp. 237-242
    • Barnes, T.R.E.1    Mutsatsa, S.H.2    Hutton, S.B.3
  • 114
    • 30844465953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Course of substance misuse and daily tobacco use in first-episode psychosis
    • Wade D, Harrigan S, Edwards J, et al. Course of substance misuse and daily tobacco use in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2006a; 81: 145-150.
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.81 , pp. 145-150
    • Wade, D.1    Harrigan, S.2    Edwards, J.3
  • 115
    • 33748513029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in cannabis use prior to first presentation with schizophrenia, in South-East London between 1965 and 1999
    • Boydell J, van Os J, Caspi A, et al. Trends in cannabis use prior to first presentation with schizophrenia, in South-East London between 1965 and 1999. Psycholog Med 2006; 36: 1441-1446.
    • (2006) Psycholog Med , vol.36 , pp. 1441-1446
    • Boydell, J.1    van Os, J.2    Caspi, A.3
  • 116
    • 0346786361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and clinical correlates of comorbid substancb use disorders in psychosis: Multivariate analyses from an epidemiological sample
    • Kavanagh DJ, Waghorn G, Jenner L et al. Demographic and clinical correlates of comorbid substancb use disorders in psychosis: Multivariate analyses from an epidemiological sample. Schizophr Res 2004; 66: 115-124.
    • (2004) Schizophr Res , vol.66 , pp. 115-124
    • Kavanagh, D.J.1    Waghorn, G.2    Jenner, L.3
  • 117
    • 13444302391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of a first episode of psychosis in adolescence: A 2-year follow-up
    • Pencer A, Addington J, Addington D. Outcome of a first episode of psychosis in adolescence: A 2-year follow-up. Psychiatry Res 2005; 133: 35-43.
    • (2005) Psychiatry Res , vol.133 , pp. 35-43
    • Pencer, A.1    Addington, J.2    Addington, D.3
  • 119
    • 26844449626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tri-ethnic variations of co-morbid substance and alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia
    • Montross LP, Barrio C, Yamada AM, et al. Tri-ethnic variations of co-morbid substance and alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2005; 19: 297-305.
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.19 , pp. 297-305
    • Montross, L.P.1    Barrio, C.2    Yamada, A.M.3
  • 120
    • 0030137822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deficit syndrome in the DSM-IV Field Trial: I. alcohol and other drug use
    • Kirkpatrick B, Amador XF, Flaum, M, et al. The deficit syndrome in the DSM-IV Field Trial: I. alcohol and other drug use. Schizophr Res 1996; 20: 69-77.
    • (1996) Schizophr Res , vol.20 , pp. 69-77
    • Kirkpatrick, B.1    Amador, X.F.2    Flaum, M.3
  • 121
    • 0038802583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance abuse and the heterogeneity of schizophrenia: A population-based study
    • Kirkpatrick B, Messias EM, Tek C. Substance abuse and the heterogeneity of schizophrenia: a population-based study. Schizophr Res 2003; 62: 293-294.
    • (2003) Schizophr Res , vol.62 , pp. 293-294
    • Kirkpatrick, B.1    Messias, E.M.2    Tek, C.3
  • 122
    • 0036456124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased early life stress and depressive symptoms in patients with comorbid substance abuse and schizophrenia
    • Scheller-Gilkey G, Thomas SM, Woolwine BJ, Miller AH. Increased early life stress and depressive symptoms in patients with comorbid substance abuse and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2002; 28: 223-231.
    • (2002) Schizophr Bull , vol.28 , pp. 223-231
    • Scheller-Gilkey, G.1    Thomas, S.M.2    Woolwine, B.J.3    Miller, A.H.4
  • 123
    • 0344837352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and schizophrenia: Demographic and clinical correlates
    • Dervaux A, Laqueille X, Bourdel MC, et al. Cannabis and schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates. Encephale 2003; 29: 11-17.
    • (2003) Encephale , vol.29 , pp. 11-17
    • Dervaux, A.1    Laqueille, X.2    Bourdel, M.C.3
  • 124
    • 0028295907 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of positive and negative symptoms to cocaine abuse in schizophrenia
    • Lysaker P, Bell M, Beam-Goulet J, Milstein R. Relationship of positive and negative symptoms to cocaine abuse in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 1994; 182: 109-112.
    • (1994) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.182 , pp. 109-112
    • Lysaker, P.1    Bell, M.2    Beam-Goulet, J.3    Milstein, R.4
  • 125
    • 0035280908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social functioning, psychopathology, and medication side effects in relation to substance use and abuse in schizophrenia
    • Salyers MP, Mueser KT. Social functioning, psychopathology, and medication side effects in relation to substance use and abuse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2001; 48: 109-123.
    • (2001) Schizophr Res , vol.48 , pp. 109-123
    • Salyers, M.P.1    Mueser, K.T.2
  • 126
    • 0042829439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug abuse and/or dependence and better neuropsychological performance in patients with schizophrenia
    • Joyal CC, Hallé P, Lapierre D, Hodgins S. Drug abuse and/or dependence and better neuropsychological performance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2003; 63: 297-299.
    • (2003) Schizophr Res , vol.63 , pp. 297-299
    • Joyal, C.C.1    Hallé, P.2    Lapierre, D.3    Hodgins, S.4
  • 127
    • 3843112286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and symptomatological features in chronic psychotic patients according to cannabis use status
    • Maremmani I, Lazzeri A, Pacini M, et al. Diagnostic and symptomatological features in chronic psychotic patients according to cannabis use status. J Psychoactive Drugs 2004; 36: 235-241.
    • (2004) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.36 , pp. 235-241
    • Maremmani, I.1    Lazzeri, A.2    Pacini, M.3
  • 128
    • 33644884247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of negative symptoms in dual diagnosis schizophrenia
    • Potvin S, Sepehry AA, Stip E. A meta-analysis of negative symptoms in dual diagnosis schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2006; 36: 431-440.
    • (2006) Psychol Med , vol.36 , pp. 431-440
    • Potvin, S.1    Sepehry, A.A.2    Stip, E.3
  • 129
    • 33747449273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbid substance-use in schizophrenia: Relation to positive and negative symptoms
    • Talamo A, Centorrino F, Tondo L, et al. Comorbid substance-use in schizophrenia: Relation to positive and negative symptoms. Schizophr Res 2006; 86: 251-255.
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.86 , pp. 251-255
    • Talamo, A.1    Centorrino, F.2    Tondo, L.3
  • 130
    • 33645773471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of the affect regulation model in schizophrenia patients with substance use history: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Mancini-Marïe A, Potvin S, Fahim C, et al. Neural correlates of the affect regulation model in schizophrenia patients with substance use history: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 342-350.
    • (2006) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.67 , pp. 342-350
    • Mancini-Marïe, A.1    Potvin, S.2    Fahim, C.3
  • 131
    • 0037221559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use and cognition in early psychosis
    • Pencer A, Addington J. Substance use and cognition in early psychosis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2003; 28: 48-54.
    • (2003) J Psychiatry Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 48-54
    • Pencer, A.1    Addington, J.2
  • 133
    • 16844375314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use prior to first onset psychosis predicts spared neurocognition at 10-year follow-up
    • Stirling J, Lewis S, Hopkins R, White C. Cannabis use prior to first onset psychosis predicts spared neurocognition at 10-year follow-up. Schizophr Res 2005; 75: 135-137.
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.75 , pp. 135-137
    • Stirling, J.1    Lewis, S.2    Hopkins, R.3    White, C.4
  • 135
    • 0029809662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medication non-compliance and substance abuse among patients with schizophrenia
    • Owen RR, Fischer EP, Booth BM, et al. Medication non-compliance and substance abuse among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 1996; 47: 853-858.
    • (1996) Psychiatr Serv , vol.47 , pp. 853-858
    • Owen, R.R.1    Fischer, E.P.2    Booth, B.M.3
  • 136
    • 0030152175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use: A powerful predictor of relapse in schizophrenia
    • Swofford CD, Kasckow JW, Scheller-Gilkey G, et al. Substance use: A powerful predictor of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1996; 20: 145-151.
    • (1996) Schizophr Res , vol.20 , pp. 145-151
    • Swofford, C.D.1    Kasckow, J.W.2    Scheller-Gilkey, G.3
  • 137
    • 0033105779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual diagnosis of substance abuse in schizophrenia: Prevalence and impact on outcomes
    • Dixon L. Dual diagnosis of substance abuse in schizophrenia: Prevalence and impact on outcomes. Schizophr Res 1999; 35: s93-s100.
    • (1999) Schizophr Res , vol.35
    • Dixon, L.1
  • 138
    • 0035206723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-use behavior and correlates in people with schizophrenia
    • Gearon JS, Bellack AS, Rachbeisel J, Dixon L. Drug-use behavior and correlates in people with schizophrenia. Addict Behav 2001; 26: 51-61.
    • (2001) Addict Behav , vol.26 , pp. 51-61
    • Gearon, J.S.1    Bellack, A.S.2    Rachbeisel, J.3    Dixon, L.4
  • 139
    • 24144434939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder: Effects of antipsychotics
    • Green AI. Schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder: Effects of antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66(Suppl. 6): 21-26.
    • (2005) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 21-26
    • Green, A.I.1
  • 140
    • 0038353818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use and the course of early psychosis: A 2-year follow-up of first-admitted subjects
    • Sorbara F, Liraud F, Assens F, Abalan F, Verdoux H. Substance use and the course of early psychosis: A 2-year follow-up of first-admitted subjects. Eur Psychiatry 2003; 18: 133-136.
    • (2003) Eur Psychiatry , vol.18 , pp. 133-136
    • Sorbara, F.1    Liraud, F.2    Assens, F.3    Abalan, F.4    Verdoux, H.5
  • 141
    • 33750609373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance misuse and cognitive functioning in early psychosis: A 2 year follow-up
    • McCleery A, Addington J, Addington D. Substance misuse and cognitive functioning in early psychosis: a 2 year follow-up. Schizophr Res 2006; 88: 187-191.
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.88 , pp. 187-191
    • McCleery, A.1    Addington, J.2    Addington, D.3
  • 142
    • 34548335353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual cognitive effects of long-term cannabis use
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Pope HG Jr, Yurgelun-Todd D. Residual cognitive effects of long-term cannabis use. In: Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 198-210.
    • (2004) Castle DJ, Murray R. Marijuana and Madness , pp. 198-210
    • Pope Jr, H.G.1    Yurgelun-Todd, D.2
  • 143
    • 0023036287 scopus 로고
    • Cannabis affects the severity of schizophrenic symptoms: Results of a clinical survey
    • Negrete JC, Knapp WP, Douglas D, et al. Cannabis affects the severity of schizophrenic symptoms: Results of a clinical survey. Psychol Med 1986; 16: 515-520.
    • (1986) Psychol Med , vol.16 , pp. 515-520
    • Negrete, J.C.1    Knapp, W.P.2    Douglas, D.3
  • 144
    • 0030024329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of persons with severe mental illness and substance abuse in rural areas
    • Barry KL, Fleming MF, Greenley JR, et al. Characteristics of persons with severe mental illness and substance abuse in rural areas. Psychiatr Serv 1996; 47: 88-90.
    • (1996) Psychiatr Serv , vol.47 , pp. 88-90
    • Barry, K.L.1    Fleming, M.F.2    Greenley, J.R.3
  • 145
    • 0032792716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and schizophrenia: Results of a follow-up study
    • Caspari D. Cannabis and schizophrenia: Results of a follow-up study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1999; 249: 45-49.
    • (1999) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.249 , pp. 45-49
    • Caspari, D.1
  • 147
  • 148
    • 0036202057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of frequent marijuana use on memory-related regional cerebral blood flow
    • Block RI, O'Leary DS, Hichwa RD, et al. Effects of frequent marijuana use on memory-related regional cerebral blood flow. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002; 72: 237-250.
    • (2002) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.72 , pp. 237-250
    • Block, R.I.1    O'Leary, D.S.2    Hichwa, R.D.3
  • 149
    • 0037029103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment
    • Solowij N, Stephens RS, Roffman RA, et al. Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. JAMA 2002; 287: 1123-1131.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 1123-1131
    • Solowij, N.1    Stephens, R.S.2    Roffman, R.A.3
  • 150
    • 33746474541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic psychoses as pharmacological models of schizophrenia
    • Potvin S, Stip E, Roy JY. Toxic psychoses as pharmacological models of schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rev 2005; 1: 23-32.
    • (2005) Curr Psychiatry Rev , vol.1 , pp. 23-32
    • Potvin, S.1    Stip, E.2    Roy, J.Y.3
  • 151
    • 33750623747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbances in visual information processing in early states of psychosis and experimental delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol altered states of consciousness
    • Koethe D, Gerth CW, Neatby MA, et al. Disturbances in visual information processing in early states of psychosis and experimental delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol altered states of consciousness. Schizophr Res 2006; 88: 142-150.
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.88 , pp. 142-150
    • Koethe, D.1    Gerth, C.W.2    Neatby, M.A.3
  • 152
    • 15744398700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol effects in schizophrenia: Implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction
    • D'Souza DC, Abi-Saab WM, Madonick S, et al. Delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol effects in schizophrenia: Implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 594-608.
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 594-608
    • D'Souza, D.C.1    Abi-Saab, W.M.2    Madonick, S.3
  • 153
    • 0022508346 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of smoking marijuana on hormones, subjective effects and performance in male human subjects
    • Cone EJ, Johnson RE, Moore JD, Roache JD. Acute effects of smoking marijuana on hormones, subjective effects and performance in male human subjects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1986; 24: 1749-1754.
    • (1986) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.24 , pp. 1749-1754
    • Cone, E.J.1    Johnson, R.E.2    Moore, J.D.3    Roache, J.D.4
  • 154
    • 0029955156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use correlates with schizotypy in healthy people
    • Williams JH, Wellman NA, Rawlins JNP. Cannabis use correlates with schizotypy in healthy people. Addiction 1996; 91: 869-877.
    • (1996) Addiction , vol.91 , pp. 869-877
    • Williams, J.H.1    Wellman, N.A.2    Rawlins, J.N.P.3
  • 155
    • 0034857198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between cannabis use, schizotypal traits, and cognitive function in healthy subjects
    • Mass R, Bardong C, Kindl K, Dahme B. Relationship between cannabis use, schizotypal traits, and cognitive function in healthy subjects. Psychopathol 2001; 34: 209-214.
    • (2001) Psychopathol , vol.34 , pp. 209-214
    • Mass, R.1    Bardong, C.2    Kindl, K.3    Dahme, B.4
  • 156
    • 0035178555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of schizotypy among cannabis and alcohol users
    • Nunn JA, Rizza F, Peters ER. The incidence of schizotypy among cannabis and alcohol users. J Nerv Ment Dis 2001; 189: 741-748.
    • (2001) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.189 , pp. 741-748
    • Nunn, J.A.1    Rizza, F.2    Peters, E.R.3
  • 157
    • 0037204101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use correlates with schizotypal personality traits in healthy students
    • Dumas P, Saod M, Bouafia S, et al. Cannabis use correlates with schizotypal personality traits in healthy students. Psychiatry Res 2002; 19: 27-35.
    • (2002) Psychiatry Res , vol.19 , pp. 27-35
    • Dumas, P.1    Saod, M.2    Bouafia, S.3
  • 158
    • 1642506234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between cannabis use and schizotypal symptoms
    • Bailey EL, Swallow BL. The relationship between cannabis use and schizotypal symptoms. Eur Psychi 2004; 19: 113-114.
    • (2004) Eur Psychi , vol.19 , pp. 113-114
    • Bailey, E.L.1    Swallow, B.L.2
  • 160
    • 33749501437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiological evidence of altered neural synchronization in cannabis use: Relationship to schizotypy
    • Skosnik PD, Krishnan GP, Aydt EE, Kuhlenshmidt HA, O'Donnell BF. Psychophysiological evidence of altered neural synchronization in cannabis use: Relationship to schizotypy. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 1798-1805.
    • (2006) Am J Psychiatry , vol.163 , pp. 1798-1805
    • Skosnik, P.D.1    Krishnan, G.P.2    Aydt, E.E.3    Kuhlenshmidt, H.A.4    O'Donnell, B.F.5
  • 161
    • 33745218113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis-induced psychosis-like experiences are associated with high schizotypy
    • Barkus EJ, Stirling J, Hopkins RS, Lewis S. Cannabis-induced psychosis-like experiences are associated with high schizotypy. Psychopathol 2006; 39: 175-178.
    • (2006) Psychopathol , vol.39 , pp. 175-178
    • Barkus, E.J.1    Stirling, J.2    Hopkins, R.S.3    Lewis, S.4
  • 162
    • 33748044665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between aggressiveness, schizotypal personality traits and cannabis use in Swiss psychology students
    • Schaub M, Boesch L, Stohler R. Association between aggressiveness, schizotypal personality traits and cannabis use in Swiss psychology students. Psychiatry Res 2006; 143: 299-301.
    • (2006) Psychiatry Res , vol.143 , pp. 299-301
    • Schaub, M.1    Boesch, L.2    Stohler, R.3
  • 163
    • 27644520336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance abuse and related diagnoses in early psychosis
    • Korkeila JA, Svirskis T, Heinimaa M, et al. Substance abuse and related diagnoses in early psychosis. Compr Psychiatry 2005; 46: 447-452.
    • (2005) Compr Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 447-452
    • Korkeila, J.A.1    Svirskis, T.2    Heinimaa, M.3
  • 165
    • 25444469638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of substance use on the onset and course of early psychosis
    • Verdoux H, Tournier M, Cougnard A. Impact of substance use on the onset and course of early psychosis. Schizophr Res 2005; 79: 69-75.
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.79 , pp. 69-75
    • Verdoux, H.1    Tournier, M.2    Cougnard, A.3
  • 166
    • 34548317646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do degenerative changes operate across diagnostic boundaries? The case for glucocorticoid involvement in major psychiatric disorders
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Pariante CM, Cotter D. Do degenerative changes operate across diagnostic boundaries? The case for glucocorticoid involvement in major psychiatric disorders. In: Keshavan M, Kennedy J, Murray R. Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 111-120.
    • (2004) Keshavan M, Kennedy J, Murray R. Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia , pp. 111-120
    • Pariante, C.M.1    Cotter, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.