Endocannabinoid signalling in the blood of patients with schizophrenia

Lipids in Health and Disease

Volumn 2, Issue , 2003, Pages 1-9

  De Marchi, Nicola ^a,b   De Petrocellis, Luciano ^a,c   Orlando, Pierangelo ^a,d   Daniele, Fabiana ^e   Fezza, Filomena ^a,c   Di Marzo, Vincenzo ^a,c  

^a Rochford Hospital   (United Kingdom)

^b Institute of Cybernetics ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c CNR   (Italy)

^d INSTITUTE OF PROTEIN BIOCHEMISTRY   (Italy)

^e SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANANDAMIDE; CANNABINOID; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; FATTY ACID AMIDASE; MESSENGER RNA; OLANZAPINE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REMISSION; RNA TRANSCRIPTION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 2942520782     PISSN: 1476511X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-2-1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Di Marzo V: 'Endocannabinoids' and other fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties: biochemistry and possible physiopathological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998, 1392:153-175.
2. Glass M: The role of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2001, 25:743-765.
3. Klein TW, Newton CA and Friedman H: Cannabinoids and the immune system. Pain Res Manag 2001, 6:95-101.
4. Chopra GS and Smith JW: Psychotic reactions following cannabis use in East Indians. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974, 30:24-27.
5. Andreasson S, Allebeck P, Engstrom A and Rydberg U: Cannabis and schizophrenia. A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet 1987, 2:1483-1486.
6. Di Marzo V, Melck D, Bisogno T and De Petrocellis L: Endocannabinoids: endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands with neuromodulatory action. Trends Neurosci 1998, 21:521-528.
7. Dean B, Sundram S, Bradbury R, Scarr E and Copolov D: Studies on [3H]CP-55940 binding in the human central nervous system: regional specific changes in density of cannabinoid-1 receptors associated with schizophrenia and cannabis use. Neuroscience 2001, 103:9-15.
8. Leweke FM, Giuffrida A, Wurster U, Emrich HM and Piomelli D: Elevated endogenous cannabinoids in schizophrenia. Neuroreport 1999, 10:1665-1669.
9. Voruganti LN, Slomka P, Zabel P, Mattar A and Awad AG: Cannabis induced dopamine release: an in-vivo SPECT study. Psychiatry Res 2001, 107:173-177.
10. Mechoulam R, Fride E and Di Marzo V: Endocannabinoids. Eur J Pharmacol 1998, 359:1-18.
11. Ujike H, Takaki M, Nakata K, Tanaka Y, Takeda T, Kodama M, Fujiwara Y, Sakai A and Kuroda S: CNR1, central cannabinoid receptor gene, associated with susceptibility to hebephrenic schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2002, 7:515-518.
12. Akiyama K: Serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in schizophrenia before and during neuroleptic administration. Schizophr Res 1999, 37:97-106.
13. Song C, Lin A, Kenis G, Bosmans E and Maes M: Immunosuppressive effects of clozapine and haloperidol: enhanced production of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Schizophr Res 2000, 42:157-164.
14. Zhang X, Zhou D, Zhang P, Wu G, Cao L and Shen Y: Elevated interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 serum levels in neuroleptic-free schizophrenia: association with psychopathology. Schizophr Res 2002, 57:247-258.
15. Muller N, Riedel M, Gruber R, Ackenheil M and Schwarz MJ: The immune system and schizophrenia. An integrative view. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000, 917:456-467.
16. Nikkila HV, Muller K, Ahokas A, Miettinen K, Rimon R and Andersson LC: Accumulation of macrophages in the CSF of schizophrenic patients during acute psychotic episodes. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156:1725-1729.
17. Nikkila HV, Muller K, Ahokas A, Rimon R and Andersson LC: Increased frequency of activated lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2001, 49:99-105.
18. Wagner JA, Varga K, Ellis EF, Rzigalinski BA, Martin BR and Kunos G: Activation of peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptors in haemorrhagic shock. Nature 1997, 390:518-521.
19. Di Marzo V, Bisogno T, De Petrocellis L, Melck D, Orlando P, Wagner JA and Kunos G: Biosynthesis and inactivation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in circulating and tumoral macrophages. Eur J Biochem 1999, 264:258-267.
20. Maccarrone M, De Petrocellis L, Bari M, Fezza F, Salvati S, Di Marzo V and Finazzi-Agrò A: Lipopolysaccharide downregulates fatty acid amide hydrolase expression and increases anandamide levels in human peripheral lymphocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001, 393:321-328.
21. Cravatt BF, Giang DK, Mayfield SP, Boger DL, Lerner RA and Gilula NB: Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides. Nature 1996, 384:83-87.
22. Emrich HM, Leweke FM and Schneider U: Towards a cannabinoid hypothesis of schizophrenia: cognitive impairments due to dysregulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997, 56:803-807.
23. Berdyshev EV: Cannabinoid receptors and the regulation of immune response. Chem Phys Lipids 2000, 108:169-190.
24. Parolaro D, Massi P, Rubino T and Monti E: Endocannabinoids in the immune system and cancer. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002, 66:319-332.
25. Kowalski J, Blada P, Kucia K, Madej A and Herman ZS: Neuroleptics normalize increased release of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from monocytes in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2001, 50:169-175.
26. Di Marzo V, Goparaju SK, Wang L, Liu J, Batkai S, Jarai Z, Fezza F, Miura GI, Palmiter RD, Sugiura T and Kunos G: Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake. Nature 2001, 410:822-825.
27. Kraus T, Haack M, Schuld A, Hinze-Selch D and Pollmacher T: Low leptin levels but normal body mass indices in patients with depression or schizophrenia. Neuroendocrinology 2001, 73:243-247.
28. Melkersson KI, Hulting AL and Brismar KE: Elevated levels of insulin, leptin, and blood lipids in olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses. J Clin Psychiatry 2000, 61:742-749.
29. Matias I, Pochard P, Orlando P, Salzet M, Pestel J and Di Marzo V: Presence and regulation of the endocannabinoid system in human dendritic cells. Eur J Biochem 2002, 269:3771-3778.
30. Avissar S, Roitman G and Schreiber G: Differential effects of the antipsychotics haloperidol and clozapine on G protein measures in mononuclear leukocytes of patients with schizophrenia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2001, 21:799-811.
31. Bilici M, Tekelioglu Y, Efendioglu S, Ovali E and Ulgen M: The influence of olanzapine on immune cells in patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003, 27:483-485.
32. American Psychiatry Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM-IV). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 41994.
33. Nurnberger JI Jr, Blehar MC, Kaufmann CA, York-Cooler C, Simpson SG, Harkavy-Friedman J, Severe JB, Malaspina D and Reich T: Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH Genetics Initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994, 51:849-859. discussion 863-864
34. Guy W: Early Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit (ECDEU). Publication n° 76-338. Rockville: National Institute of Mental Health 1976.
35. Overall JE and Gorham DR: The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol Rep 1962, 10:799-812.
36. Fontana A, Di Marzo V, Cadas H and Piomelli D: Analysis of anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid substance, and of other natural N-acylethanolamines. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1995, 53:301-308.
37. Di Marzo V, Breivogel CS, Tao Q, Bridgen DT, Razdan RK, Zimmer AM, Zimmer A and Martin BR: Levels, metabolism, and pharmacological activity of anandamide in CB(1) cannabinoid receptor knockout mice: evidence for non-CB(1), non-CB(2) receptor-mediated actions of anandamide in mouse brain. J Neurochem 2000, 75:2434-2444.