The environment and schizophrenia: The role of cannabis use

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 608-612

  Henquet, Cécile ^a   Murray, Robin ^b   Linszen, Don ^c   Van Os, Jim ^a,b  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c IKA Cooperative Breast Cancer Group   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Environment; Gene environment interaction; Genetics; Psychosis

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE;

ARTICLE; CANNABIS ADDICTION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; GENETIC RISK; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; MARIJUANA SMOKING; ODDS RATIO; PROGNOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 24344470642     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbi027     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Linszen DH, Dingemans PM, Lenior ME. Cannabis abuse and the course of recent-onset schizophrenic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiat 1994;51(4):273-279.
2. Monshouwer K, Smit F, De Graaf R, Van Os J, Vollebergh W. First cannabis use: does onset shift to younger ages? findings from 1988 to 2003 from the Dutch National School Survey on Substance Use. Addiction 2005;in press.
3. Rutter M. Categories, dimensions, and the mental health of children and adolescents. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003;1008:11-21.
4. D'Souza DC, Perry E, MacDougall L, et al. The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacol 2004;29(8):1558-1572.
5. Zal'Tsman GI, Lenskii GP. On the effect of hashish on the psyche. Zdravookhranenie Kazakhstana 1962;22(9):30-35.
6. Andreasson S, Allebeck P, Engstrom A, Rydberg U. Cannabis and schizophrenia: a longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet 1987;2(8574):1483-1486.
7. Arseneault L, Cannon M, Witton J, Murray RM. Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence. Brit J Psychiat 2004;184:110-117.
8. Smit F, Bolier L, Cuijpers P. Cannabis use and the risk of later schizophrenia: a review. Addiction 2004;99(4):425-430.
9. Van Os J, Bak M, Hanssen M, Bijl RV, de Graaf R, Verdoux H. Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156(4):319-327.
10. Henquet C, Krabbendam L, Spauwen J, et al. Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people. Brit Med J 2005;330(7481):11.
11. Weiser M, Knobler HY, Noy S, Kaplan Z. Clinical characteristics of adolescents later hospitalized for schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 2002;114(8):949-955.
12. Arseneault L, Cannon M, Poulton R, Murray R, Caspi A, Moffitt TE. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study. Brit Med J 2002;325(7374):1212-1213.
13. Zammit S, Allebeck P, Andreasson S, Lundberg I, Lewis G. Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: historical cohort study. Brit Med J 2002;325(7374):1199.
14. Stefanis NC, Delespaul P, Henquet C, Bakoula C, Stefanis CN, Van Os J. Early adolescent cannabis exposure and positive and negative dimensions of psychosis. Addiction 2004;99(10):1333-1341.
15. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Swain-Campbell NR. Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people. Psychol Med 2003;33(1):15-21.
16. StataCorp STATA Statistical Software: Release 8.0. College Station, TX: StataCorp; 2002.
17. Macleod J, Oakes R, Copello A, et al. Psychological and social sequelae of cannabis and other illicit drug use by young people: a systematic review of longitudinal, general population studies. Lancet 2004;363(9421):1579-1588.
18. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM. Tests of causal linkages between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms. Addiction 2005;100(3):354-366.
19. Ferdinand RF, Sondeijker F, Van der Ende J, Selten JP, Huizink A, Verhulst FC. Cannabis use predicts future psychotic symptoms; and vice versa. Addiction 2005;100(5):612-618.
20. Van Os J, Sham P. Gene-environment interactions; In: Murray RM, Jones PB, Susser E, Van Os J, Cannon M, eds. The Epidemiology of Schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003:235-254.
21. Schneider M, Koch M. Chronic pubertal, but not adult chronic cannabinoid treatment impairs sensorimotor gating, recognition memory, and the performance in a progressive ratio task in adult rats. Neuropsychopharmacol 2003;28(10):1760-1769.
22. Veen ND, Selten JP, van der Tweel I, Feller WG, Hoek HW, Kahn RS. Cannabis use and age at onset of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiat 2004;161(3):501-506.
23. Howes OD, McDonald C, Cannon M, Arseneault L, Boydell J, Murray RM. Pathways to schizophrenia: the impact of environmental factors. Int J Neuropsychoph 2004;7:(suppl)(1)S7-S13.
24. Rothman KJ. Interactions between causes. In: Modern Epidemiology. Boston: Little, Brown and Co; 1986:311-327.
25. Degenhardt L, Hall W. Cannabis and psychosis. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2002;4(3):191-196.
26. Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. Testing hypotheses about the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. Drug Alcohol Depen 2003;71(1):37-48.
27. McGuire PK, Jones P, Harvey I, Williams M, McGuffin P, Murray RM. Morbid risk of schizophrenia for relatives of patients with cannabis-associated psychosis. Schizophr Res 1995;15(3):277-281.
28. Verdoux H, Gindre C, Sorbara F, Tournier M, Swendsen JD. Effects of cannabis and psychosis vulnerability in daily life: an experience sampling test study. Psychol Med 2003;33(1):23-32.
29. Hanssen M, Krabbendam L, Vollema M, Delespaul P, Van Os J. Evidence for instrument and family-specific variation of subclinical psychosis dimensions in the general population. J Abnorm Psychol 2005;in press.
30. D'Souza DC, Abi-Saab WM, Madonick S, et al. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects in schizophrenia: implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction. Biol Psychiat 2005;57(6):594-608.
31. Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Cannon M, et al. Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: longitudinal evidence of a gene x environment interaction. Biol Psychiat 2005;57(10):1117-1127.