The factorial structure of schizotypy: Part I. Affinities with syndromes of schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 611-620

  Gruzelier, John H ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ANHEDONIA; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EXTRAVERSION; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTROVERSION; LONELINESS; MALE; NEUROSIS; NORMAL HUMAN; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMETRY; PSYCHOSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SPEECH DISORDER; SYNDROME DELINEATION;

EID: 0029958233     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/22.4.611     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-III: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: The Association, 1980.
2. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-III-R: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed., revised. Washington, DC: The Association, 1987.
3. Andreasen, N.C., and Olsen, S. Negative v positive schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39:789-794, 1982.
4. Arndt, S.; Alliger, R.J.; and Andreasen, N.C. The distinction of positive and negative symptoms: The failure of a two dimensional model. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158:46-50, 1991.
5. Bentall, R.P.; Claridge, G.S.; and Slade, P.D. The multidimensional nature of schizotypal traits: A factor analytic study with normal subjects. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28:363-375, 1989.
6. Bilder, R.M.; Mukherjee, S.; Rieder, R.O.; and Pandurangi, A.K. Symptomatic and neuropsychological components of defect states. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 11(3):409-419, 1985.
7. Chapman, L.J.; Chapman, J.P.; and Raulin, M.L. Scales for physical and social anhedonia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85:374-382, 1976.
8. Claridge, G.S. The Origins of Mental Illness. Oxford, England: Blackwell, 1985.
9. Claridge, G.S., and Broks, P. Schizotypy and hemisphere function: I. Theoretical considerations and the measurement of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 5:633-648, 1984.
10. Claridge, G.S.; McCreery, C.; Mason, O.; Bentall, R.P.; Boyle, G.; Slade, P.D.; and Popplewell, D. The factor structure of 'schizotypal' traits: A large replication study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35:103-116, 1996.
11. Crow, T.J. Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: More than one disease process? British Medical Journal, 280:66-68, 1980.
12. Depue, R.A. An activity-withdrawal distinction in schizophrenia: Behavioral, clinical, brain damage, and neurophysiological correlates. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85:174-185, 1976.
13. Depue, R.A., and Dubicki, M.D. Hospitalization and premorbid characteristics in withdrawn and active schizophrenics. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 42:628-632, 1974.
14. Depue, R.A.; Dubicki, M.D.; and McCarthy, T. Differential recovery of intellectual, associational, and psychophysiological functioning in withdrawn and active schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84:325-330, 1975.
15. Eysenck, H.J., and Eysenck, S.B.G. Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. London, England: Hodder and Stoughton, 1975.
16. Gottesman, I., and Shields, J. Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
17. Gruzelier, J.H. Hemispheric imbalance: Syndromes of schizophrenia, premorbid personality, and neurodevelopmental influences. In: Steinhauer, S.; Gruzelier, J.H.; and Zubin, J., eds. Handbook of Schizophrenia: IV. Information Processing, Neuropsychology and Psychophysiology. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991. pp. 599-650.
18. Gruzelier, J.H. Syndromes of schizophrenia and schizotypy, hemispheric imbalance and sex differences: Implications for developmental psychopathology. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 18:167-178, 1994.
19. Gruzelier, J.H.; Burgess, A.; Stygall, J.; and Raine, A. Patterns of cerebral asymmetry and syndromes of schizotypal personality. Psychiatry Research, 56:71-79, 1995.
20. Gruzelier, J.H., and Davis, S. Social and physical anhedonia in relation to cerebral laterality and electrodermal habituation in unmedicated psychotic patients. Psychiatry Research, 56:163-172, 1995.
21. Gruzelier, J.H., and Doig, A. The factorial structure of schizotypy: II. Cognitive asymmetry, arousal, handedness, and sex. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(4):621-634, 1996.
22. Gruzelier, J.H., and Richardson, A. Patterns of cognitive asymmetry and psychosis-proneness. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 18:217-225, 1994.
23. Gruzelier, J.H.; Wilson, L.; Dennis, P.; Liddiard, D.; Richardson, A.; Peters, E.; and Pusavat, L. "Cognitive Asymmetry Patterns in Schizophrenia: Syndrome Specificity of Reversible Recognition Memory Impairments." Submitted for publication.
24. Gur, R.E.; Mozley, P.D.; Resnick, S.M.; Levick, S.; Erwin, R.; Saykin, A.J.; and Gur, R.C. Relations among clinical scales in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148:472-478, 1991.
25. Hewitt, J.K., and Claridge, G.S. The factor structure of schizotypy in a normal population. Personality and Individual Differences, 10:323-330, 1989.
26. Hoffman, R.E.; Stipek, S.; and Andreasen, N.C. A comparative study of manic versus schizophrenic speech disorganization. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43:472-478, 1986.
27. Kelley, M.P., and Coursey, R.D. Factor structure of schizotypy scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 13:723-731, 1992.
28. Kendler, K.S., and Hewitt, J.K. The structure of self-report schizotypy in twins. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6:1-17, 1992.
29. Kendler, K.S.; Ochs, A.L.; Gorman, A.M.; Hewitt, J.K.; Ross, D.E.; and Mirsky, A.F. The structure of schizotypy: A pilot multitrait twin study. Psychiatry Research, 36:19-36, 1991.
30. Kulhara, P.; Kota, S.J.; and Joseph, S. Positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia: A study from India. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 74:353-359, 1986.
31. Liddle, P. Symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: Examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151:145-151, 1987.
32. Liddle, P.F., and Barnes, T.R.E. Syndromes of chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157:558-561, 1990.
33. Liddle, P.F., and Morris, D.L. Schizophrenic syndromes and frontal lobe performance. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158:340-345, 1991.
34. Mason, O.; Claridge, G.; and Jackson, M. New scales for the assessment of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 18:7-13, 1995.
35. Meehl, P. Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. American Psychologist, 17:827-838, 1962.
36. Muntaner, C.; Garcia-Sevilla, L.; Fernandez, A.; and Torruba, R. Personality dimensions, schizotypal and borderline personality traits and psychosis proneness. Personality and Individual Differences, 9:257-268, 1988.
37. Nielsen, T.C., and Petersen, K.E. Electrodermal correlates of extraversion, trait anxiety and schizophrenism. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 17:73-80, 1976.
38. Nigg, J.T., and Goldsmith, H.H. Genetics of personality disorders: Perspectives from personality and psychopathology research. Psychological Bulletin, 115:346-380, 1994.
39. Overall, J.E., and Gorham, D.R. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10:799-812, 1962.
40. Peralta, V.; de Leon, J.; and Cuesta, M.J. Are there more than two syndromes in schizophrenia? A critique of the positive-negative dichotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161:335-343, 1992.
41. Raine, A. The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17(4):554-564, 1991.
42. Raine, A., and Allbutt, J. Factors of schizoid personality. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28:31-40, 1989.
43. Raine, A.; Lencz, T.; and Mednick, S.A., eds. Schizotypal Personality. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
44. Schneider, K. Clinical Psychopathology. Translated by M.W. Hamilton. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton, 1959.
45. Silverman, J. Stimulus intensity, modulation and psychological dis-ease. Psychopharmacologia, 24:42-80, 1972.
46. Spitzer, R.L.; Endicott, J.; and Robins, E. Research Diagnostic Criteria: Rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35:773-782, 1978.
47. Thayer, R.E. Measurement of activation through self report. Psychological Reports, 20:63-78, 1967.
48. Tizard, J., and Venables, P.H. The influence of extraneous stimulation on the reaction time of schizophrenics. British Journal of Psychiatry, 48:299-305, 1957.
49. Venables, P.H. A short scale for rating "activity-withdrawal" in schizophrenics. Journal of Mental Science, 103:197-199, 1957.
50. Venables, P.H., and Bailes, K. The structure of schizotypy, its relation to subdiagnoses of schizophrenia and to sex and age. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33:277-294, 1994.
51. Venables, P.H.; Wilkins, S.; Mitchell, D.A.; Raine, A.; and Bailes, K. A scale for the measurement of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 7:247-249, 1990.
52. Venables, P.H., and Wing, J.K. Level of arousal and subclassification of schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 7:114-119, 1962.
53. Vollema, M.G., and van den Bosch, R.J. The multidimensionality of schizotypy. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21(1):19-31, 1995.
54. Wing, J.K., and Brown, G.W. Institutionalism and Schizophrenia. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1970.