메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 149, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 256-267

Air quality in natural areas: Interface between the public, science and regulation

Author keywords

Air pollutants; Forests; Natural areas; Ozone; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; FORESTRY; OZONE; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 34548287036     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.023     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (83)
  • 2
    • 0020375991 scopus 로고
    • Radial growth reductions of Pinus strobus L. correlated with foliar ozone sensitivity as an indicator of ozone-induced losses in eastern forests
    • Benoit L.F., Skelly J.M., Moore L.D., and Dochinger L.S. Radial growth reductions of Pinus strobus L. correlated with foliar ozone sensitivity as an indicator of ozone-induced losses in eastern forests. Can. J. For. Res. 12 (1982) 673-678
    • (1982) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 673-678
    • Benoit, L.F.1    Skelly, J.M.2    Moore, L.D.3    Dochinger, L.S.4
  • 4
    • 1642391378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bytnerowicz A., Arbaugh M.J., and Alonso R. (Eds), Elsevier, Oxford
    • In: Bytnerowicz A., Arbaugh M.J., and Alonso R. (Eds). Ozone Air Pollution in the Sierra Nevada: Distribution and Effects on Forests. Developments in Environmental Science vol. 2 (2003), Elsevier, Oxford
    • (2003) Developments in Environmental Science , vol.2
  • 5
    • 22544476468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradigm lost, paradigm found: the re-emergence of hormesis as a fundamental exposure response model in toxicological sciences
    • Calabrese E.J. Paradigm lost, paradigm found: the re-emergence of hormesis as a fundamental exposure response model in toxicological sciences. Environ. Pollut. 138 (2005) 378-411
    • (2005) Environ. Pollut. , vol.138 , pp. 378-411
    • Calabrese, E.J.1
  • 6
    • 34548281810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), 2000. Canada-Wide Standards for Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone (Internet version at: http://www.ccme.ca).
  • 7
    • 0036325975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive development of blackberry (Rubus cuneifolius) as influenced by ozone
    • Chappelka A.H. Reproductive development of blackberry (Rubus cuneifolius) as influenced by ozone. New Phytol. 155 (2002) 249-255
    • (2002) New Phytol. , vol.155 , pp. 249-255
    • Chappelka, A.H.1
  • 8
    • 34548226164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC), 2006. December 6-7, 2005 CASAC Peer Review of US EPA Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants (2nd External Review Draft) Section AX9-5-4-5 Scaling Experimental Data to Field Conditions (natural areas) (Internet version at: http://www.epa.gov/sab/casac_ozone-06-003.pdf).
  • 9
    • 18144420451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of sensitive and tolerant bush beans (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) to ozone in open-top chambers are influenced by phenotypic differences, morphological characteristics and the chamber environment
    • Elagöz V., and Manning W.J. Responses of sensitive and tolerant bush beans (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) to ozone in open-top chambers are influenced by phenotypic differences, morphological characteristics and the chamber environment. Environ. Pollut. 136 (2005) 371-383
    • (2005) Environ. Pollut. , vol.136 , pp. 371-383
    • Elagöz, V.1    Manning, W.J.2
  • 10
    • 34548220670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Register, 1997. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone. Rules and Regulations (US EPA, 40 CFR Part 50, Final Rule 62, 138).
  • 11
    • 3142574847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ozone on net primary production and carbon sequestration in the conterminous United States using a biogeochemistry model
    • Felzer B., Kicklighter D., Melillo J., Wang C., Zhuang Q., and Prinn R. Effects of ozone on net primary production and carbon sequestration in the conterminous United States using a biogeochemistry model. Tellus 56B (2004) 230-248
    • (2004) Tellus , vol.56 B , pp. 230-248
    • Felzer, B.1    Kicklighter, D.2    Melillo, J.3    Wang, C.4    Zhuang, Q.5    Prinn, R.6
  • 14
    • 0030664464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe
    • Fuhrer J., Skärby L., and Ashmore M.R. Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe. Environ. Pollut. 97 (1997) 91-106
    • (1997) Environ. Pollut. , vol.97 , pp. 91-106
    • Fuhrer, J.1    Skärby, L.2    Ashmore, M.R.3
  • 15
    • 34548222825 scopus 로고
    • Gove P.B. (Ed), Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA
    • In: Gove P.B. (Ed). Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1993), Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA
    • (1993) Webster's Third New International Dictionary
  • 16
    • 33845547127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stomatal behavior of ozone-sensitive and ozone-insensitive coneflowers (Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
    • Grulke N.E., Neufeld H.S., Davison A.W., Roberts M., and Chappelka A.H. Stomatal behavior of ozone-sensitive and ozone-insensitive coneflowers (Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. New Phytol. 173 (2007) 100-109
    • (2007) New Phytol. , vol.173 , pp. 100-109
    • Grulke, N.E.1    Neufeld, H.S.2    Davison, A.W.3    Roberts, M.4    Chappelka, A.H.5
  • 17
    • 0017668313 scopus 로고
    • Transport of ozone from the northeast US into Virginia and its effect on eastern white pines
    • Hayes E.M., and Skelly J.M. Transport of ozone from the northeast US into Virginia and its effect on eastern white pines. Plant Dis. Rep. 61 (1977) 778-782
    • (1977) Plant Dis. Rep. , vol.61 , pp. 778-782
    • Hayes, E.M.1    Skelly, J.M.2
  • 19
    • 34548233445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hobbs, F., Stoops, N., 2002. US Census Bureau, Census 2000 Special Reports, Series CENSR-4, Demographic Trends in the 20th Century. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
  • 21
    • 0029667028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in growth, leaf abscission, and biomass associated with seasonal tropospheric ozone exposures of Populus tremuloides clones and seedlings
    • Karnosky D.F., Gagnon Z.E., Dickson R.E., Coleman M.D., Lee E.H., and Isebrands J.G. Changes in growth, leaf abscission, and biomass associated with seasonal tropospheric ozone exposures of Populus tremuloides clones and seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 26 (1996) 23-37
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 23-37
    • Karnosky, D.F.1    Gagnon, Z.E.2    Dickson, R.E.3    Coleman, M.D.4    Lee, E.H.5    Isebrands, J.G.6
  • 22
    • 77956788596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and global change impacts on forest ecosystems: monitoring and research needs
    • Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium. Karnosky D.F., Percy K.E., Chappelka A.H., Simpson C., and Pikkarainen J. (Eds), Elsevier, Oxford
    • Karnosky D.F., Percy K.E., Chappelka A.H., and Krupa S.V. Air pollution and global change impacts on forest ecosystems: monitoring and research needs. In: Karnosky D.F., Percy K.E., Chappelka A.H., Simpson C., and Pikkarainen J. (Eds). Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium. Developments in Environmental Science vol. 3 (2003), Elsevier, Oxford 443-455
    • (2003) Developments in Environmental Science , vol.3 , pp. 443-455
    • Karnosky, D.F.1    Percy, K.E.2    Chappelka, A.H.3    Krupa, S.V.4
  • 26
    • 34548287077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karnosky, D.F., Darbah, J.N., Sober, A., Riikonen, J., Kets, K., Nelson, N., Kubiske, M., Percy, K.E., 2006. Ozone effects on growth and productivity of Populus tremuloides Michx.: a comparison of results from OTC, FACE, and ozone gradient studies with a common set of genetic materials. In: Weiser, G., Tausz, M., (Eds.), Critical Levels of Ozone: Further Applying and Developing the Flux-based Concept. Proceedings on the Workshop 15-19 November, Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Vienna, Austria, pp. 325-329.
  • 27
    • 34247898978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives regarding 50 years of research on effects of tropospheric ozone air pollution on US forests
    • Karnosky D.F., Skelly J.M., Percy K.E., and Chappelka A.H. Perspectives regarding 50 years of research on effects of tropospheric ozone air pollution on US forests. Environ. Pollut. 147 (2007) 489-506
    • (2007) Environ. Pollut. , vol.147 , pp. 489-506
    • Karnosky, D.F.1    Skelly, J.M.2    Percy, K.E.3    Chappelka, A.H.4
  • 31
    • 0037410360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ozone and natural systems: understanding exposure, response and risk
    • Laurence J.A., and Andersen C.P. Ozone and natural systems: understanding exposure, response and risk. Environ. Int. 29 (2003) 155-160
    • (2003) Environ. Int. , vol.29 , pp. 155-160
    • Laurence, J.A.1    Andersen, C.P.2
  • 32
    • 34548270200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lefohn, A.S., 2002. And now the rest of the story. (Internet version at: http://www.asl-associates.com).
  • 33
    • 0026616347 scopus 로고
    • NCLAN results and their application to the standard-setting process: protecting vegetation from surface ozone exposures
    • Lefohn A.S., and Foley J.K. NCLAN results and their application to the standard-setting process: protecting vegetation from surface ozone exposures. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 42 (1992) 1046-1052
    • (1992) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.42 , pp. 1046-1052
    • Lefohn, A.S.1    Foley, J.K.2
  • 34
    • 0023159416 scopus 로고
    • Establishing a standard to protect vegetation-ozone exposure/dose considerations
    • Lefohn A.S., and Runeckles V.C. Establishing a standard to protect vegetation-ozone exposure/dose considerations. Atmos. Environ. 21 (1987) 561-568
    • (1987) Atmos. Environ. , vol.21 , pp. 561-568
    • Lefohn, A.S.1    Runeckles, V.C.2
  • 36
    • 34548290551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malm, W.C., 1999. Introduction to visibility. CIRA, Fort Collins (Internet version at: http://www.epa.gov/visibility/pdfs/introvis.pdf).
  • 37
    • 0041829280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting plant effects is necessary to give biological significance to ambient ozone monitoring data and predictive ozone standards
    • Manning W.J. Detecting plant effects is necessary to give biological significance to ambient ozone monitoring data and predictive ozone standards. Environ. Pollut. 126 (2003) 375-379
    • (2003) Environ. Pollut. , vol.126 , pp. 375-379
    • Manning, W.J.1
  • 38
    • 21944435943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a cause and effect relationship for ambient ozone exposure and tree growth in the forest: progress and an experimental approach
    • Manning W.J. Establishing a cause and effect relationship for ambient ozone exposure and tree growth in the forest: progress and an experimental approach. Environ. Pollut. 137 (2005) 443-454
    • (2005) Environ. Pollut. , vol.137 , pp. 443-454
    • Manning, W.J.1
  • 39
    • 23744459796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited review on hormesis
    • Manning W.J. Invited review on hormesis. Environ. Pollut. 138 (2005) 377
    • (2005) Environ. Pollut. , vol.138 , pp. 377
    • Manning, W.J.1
  • 40
    • 4344575150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing plant response to ambient ozone: growth of young apple trees in open top chambers and corresponding ambient air plots
    • Manning W.J., Cooley D.R., Tuttle A.F., Frenkel M.A., and Bergweiler C.J. Assessing plant response to ambient ozone: growth of young apple trees in open top chambers and corresponding ambient air plots. Environ. Pollut. 132 (2004) 503-508
    • (2004) Environ. Pollut. , vol.132 , pp. 503-508
    • Manning, W.J.1    Cooley, D.R.2    Tuttle, A.F.3    Frenkel, M.A.4    Bergweiler, C.J.5
  • 44
    • 0028977750 scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature trees
    • McLaughlin S.B., and Downing D.J. Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature trees. Nature 374 (1995) 252-254
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 252-254
    • McLaughlin, S.B.1    Downing, D.J.2
  • 45
    • 34548255094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McLaughlin, S.B., Nosal, M. Evaluating ozone effects on growth of mature trees with high resolution dendrometer systems. In: Legge, A.H. (Ed.), Relating Atmospheric Source Apportionment to Vegetation Effects: Establishing Cause and Effect Relationships. Environmental Science Series, vol. x. Elsevier, Oxford, in press.
  • 46
    • 33847378159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of ozone and climate on tree growth and water use in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA
    • McLaughlin S.B., Nosal M., Wullschleger S.D., and Sun G. Interactive effects of ozone and climate on tree growth and water use in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA. New Phytol. 174 (2007) 109-124
    • (2007) New Phytol. , vol.174 , pp. 109-124
    • McLaughlin, S.B.1    Nosal, M.2    Wullschleger, S.D.3    Sun, G.4
  • 47
    • 0033216718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest health in North America: some perspectives on actual and potential roles of climate and air pollution
    • McLaughlin S., and Percy K. Forest health in North America: some perspectives on actual and potential roles of climate and air pollution. Water Air Soil Pollut. 116 (1999) 151-197
    • (1999) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.116 , pp. 151-197
    • McLaughlin, S.1    Percy, K.2
  • 48
    • 0344980599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal and seasonal changes in stem increment and water use by yellow poplar trees in response to environmental stress
    • McLaughlin S.B., Wullschleger S.D., and Nosal M. Diurnal and seasonal changes in stem increment and water use by yellow poplar trees in response to environmental stress. Tree Physiol. 23 (2003) 1125-1136
    • (2003) Tree Physiol. , vol.23 , pp. 1125-1136
    • McLaughlin, S.B.1    Wullschleger, S.D.2    Nosal, M.3
  • 49
    • 33847418935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of ozone and climate on water use, soil moisture and streamflow in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA
    • McLaughlin S.B., Wullschleger S.D., Sun G., and Nosal M. Interactive effects of ozone and climate on water use, soil moisture and streamflow in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA. New Phytol. 174 (2007) 125-136
    • (2007) New Phytol. , vol.174 , pp. 125-136
    • McLaughlin, S.B.1    Wullschleger, S.D.2    Sun, G.3    Nosal, M.4
  • 50
    • 0015747089 scopus 로고
    • Oxidant-induced community change in a mixed conifer forest
    • American Chemical Society, Washington, DC pp. 101-107
    • Miller P.R. Oxidant-induced community change in a mixed conifer forest. Air Pollution Damage to Vegetation. Advances in Chemistry Series 122 (1973), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC pp. 101-107
    • (1973) Air Pollution Damage to Vegetation. Advances in Chemistry Series 122
    • Miller, P.R.1
  • 52
    • 0000379005 scopus 로고
    • Ozone injury to the foliage of Pinus ponderosa
    • Miller P.R., Taylor O.C., and Cardiff E.A. Ozone injury to the foliage of Pinus ponderosa. Phytopathology 53 (1963) 1072-1076
    • (1963) Phytopathology , vol.53 , pp. 1072-1076
    • Miller, P.R.1    Taylor, O.C.2    Cardiff, E.A.3
  • 53
    • 0024045032 scopus 로고
    • Lichens, tree growth and foliar symptoms of air pollution: are the stories consistent?
    • Muir P.S., and McCune B. Lichens, tree growth and foliar symptoms of air pollution: are the stories consistent?. J. Environ. Qual. 17 (1988) 361-370
    • (1988) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.17 , pp. 361-370
    • Muir, P.S.1    McCune, B.2
  • 54
    • 33646555753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition and digestibility of Trifolium exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in a free-air (FACE) fumigation system
    • Muntifering R.B., Chappelka A.H., Lin J.C., Karnosky D.F., and Somers G.L. Chemical composition and digestibility of Trifolium exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in a free-air (FACE) fumigation system. Funct. Ecol. 20 (2006) 269-275
    • (2006) Funct. Ecol. , vol.20 , pp. 269-275
    • Muntifering, R.B.1    Chappelka, A.H.2    Lin, J.C.3    Karnosky, D.F.4    Somers, G.L.5
  • 55
    • 32544446436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review and analysis of the use of exposure- and flux-based ozone indices for predicting vegetation effects
    • Musselman R.C., Lefohn A.S., Massman W.J., and Heath R.L. A critical review and analysis of the use of exposure- and flux-based ozone indices for predicting vegetation effects. Atmos. Environ. 40 (2006) 1869-1888
    • (2006) Atmos. Environ. , vol.40 , pp. 1869-1888
    • Musselman, R.C.1    Lefohn, A.S.2    Massman, W.J.3    Heath, R.L.4
  • 56
    • 34548267339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2000/2001 Air emissions inventories: summary report for twenty-one national park service units
    • WASO-Air Resources Division, Denver, CO
    • National Park Service (NPS). 2000/2001 Air emissions inventories: summary report for twenty-one national park service units. National Park Service (2003), WASO-Air Resources Division, Denver, CO
    • (2003) National Park Service
    • National Park Service (NPS)1
  • 57
    • 34548267824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NPS, 2006a. 2005 Annual Performance and Progress Report: Air quality in National Parks. Air Resources Division, National Park Service, March 2006 (Internet version at: http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/who/npsPerfMeasures.cfm).
  • 58
  • 59
    • 34548286080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NPS, 2007. Explore Air: Sources of Air Pollution (Internet version at: http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/AQBasics).
  • 60
    • 34548286603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural Resources Canada, 2006. The State of Canada's Forests 2005-2006 (Internet version at: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/cfs-scf/national/what-quoi/sof/latest_e.html).
  • 61
    • 30744439542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The increasing influence of urban environments on US forest management
    • Nowak D.J., Walton J.T., Dwyer J.F., Kaya L.G., and Myeong S. The increasing influence of urban environments on US forest management. J. For. 103 (2005) 377-382
    • (2005) J. For. , vol.103 , pp. 377-382
    • Nowak, D.J.1    Walton, J.T.2    Dwyer, J.F.3    Kaya, L.G.4    Myeong, S.5
  • 63
    • 34548248830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbach, R.L., 2005. The case for science: economic growth, scientific literacy and intellectual excitement. Presentation to AAAS Fellows Breakfast, February 19, 2005 (Internet version at: http://www.science.doe.gov/sub/speeches/presentations).
  • 64
    • 34548247386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parks Canada, 2004. Sustainable Development Strategy 2001: Panel on Ecological Integrity in Canada's National Parks (Internet version at: http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/pc/rpts/durable=sutain/sec9/survol-scan1a_e.asp) (last updated 20/08/2004).
  • 65
    • 34548257003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parks Canada, 2006. National Parks of Canada. (Internet version at: http://www.pc.gc.ca/intro).
  • 66
    • 0041887521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is air pollution an important factor in international forest health?
    • Szaro R.C., Bytnerowicz A., and Oszlanyi J. (Eds), IOS Press, Amsterdam
    • Percy K.E. Is air pollution an important factor in international forest health?. In: Szaro R.C., Bytnerowicz A., and Oszlanyi J. (Eds). Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains (2002), IOS Press, Amsterdam 23-42
    • (2002) Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains , pp. 23-42
    • Percy, K.E.1
  • 68
    • 34548221632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percy, K.E., Layzell, D.B, Karnosky, D.F., 2006a. Using multifactor global change experiments to answer big science questions: linking science to policy and air quality regulation. Abstract Special Symposium 13: Mucking though multifactor experiments; design and analysis of multifactor studies in global change research. Ecological Society of America (ESA) 91st Annual Meeting, Memphis, TN, 6-11 August 2006.
  • 69
    • 77956736175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric ozone: a continuing threat to global forests?
    • Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium. Karnosky D.F., Percy K.E., Chappelka A.H., Simpson C., and Pikkarainen J. (Eds), Elsevier, Oxford
    • Percy K.E., Legge A.H., and Krupa S.V. Tropospheric ozone: a continuing threat to global forests?. In: Karnosky D.F., Percy K.E., Chappelka A.H., Simpson C., and Pikkarainen J. (Eds). Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium. Developments in Environmental Science vol. 3 (2003), Elsevier, Oxford 85-118
    • (2003) Developments in Environmental Science , vol.3 , pp. 85-118
    • Percy, K.E.1    Legge, A.H.2    Krupa, S.V.3
  • 70
    • 34548251154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percy, K.E., Nosal, M., Heilman, W., Dann, T., Sober, J., Karnosky, D.F., 2006b. The North American ozone air quality standard: efficacy and performance with two northern hardwood species. In: Weiser, G., Tausz M., (Eds.), Critical Levels of Ozone: Further Applying and Developing the Flux-based Concept. Proceedings on the Workshop 15-19 November, Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Vienna, Austria, pp. 85-90.
  • 72
    • 34548279565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percy, K.E., Nosal, M., Heilman, W., Dann, T., Karnosky, D.F. Exposure-based ozone response models to predict trembling aspen and white birch growth. In: Legge, A.H., (Ed.), Relating Atmospheric Source Apportionment to Vegetation Effects: Establishing Cause and Effect Relationships. Environmental Science Series. Elsevier, Oxford, in press.
  • 73
    • 0016303809 scopus 로고
    • Dosage of air pollutants and damage to vegetation
    • Runeckles V.C. Dosage of air pollutants and damage to vegetation. Environ. Conserv. 1 (1974) 305-308
    • (1974) Environ. Conserv. , vol.1 , pp. 305-308
    • Runeckles, V.C.1
  • 74
    • 0035139090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling ozone effects from seedlings to forest trees. Tansley Review 21
    • Samuelson L., and Kelly J.M. Scaling ozone effects from seedlings to forest trees. Tansley Review 21. New Phytol. 149 (2001) 21-41
    • (2001) New Phytol. , vol.149 , pp. 21-41
    • Samuelson, L.1    Kelly, J.M.2
  • 75
    • 34248637729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the role of demographic factors in air pollution and forests?
    • Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium. Karnosky D.F., Percy K.E., Chappelka A.H., Simpson C., and Pikkarainen J. (Eds), Elsevier, Oxford
    • Shriner D.S., and Karnosky D.F. What is the role of demographic factors in air pollution and forests?. In: Karnosky D.F., Percy K.E., Chappelka A.H., Simpson C., and Pikkarainen J. (Eds). Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium. Developments in Environmental Science vol. 3 (2003), Elsevier, Oxford 43-55
    • (2003) Developments in Environmental Science , vol.3 , pp. 43-55
    • Shriner, D.S.1    Karnosky, D.F.2
  • 76
    • 33644983854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal development of ozone-induced foliar injury on tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
    • Souza L., Neufeld H.S., Chappelka A.H., Burkey K.O., and Davison A.W. Seasonal development of ozone-induced foliar injury on tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Environ. Pollut. 141 (2006) 175-183
    • (2006) Environ. Pollut. , vol.141 , pp. 175-183
    • Souza, L.1    Neufeld, H.S.2    Chappelka, A.H.3    Burkey, K.O.4    Davison, A.W.5
  • 77
    • 34548284167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Canada, 2001. The 2001 Census of Canada. (Internet version at: http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/home/index.cfm).
  • 78
    • 34548203585 scopus 로고
    • White pine blight in the southeast
    • Toole E.R. White pine blight in the southeast. J. For. 72 (1949) 378-382
    • (1949) J. For. , vol.72 , pp. 378-382
    • Toole, E.R.1
  • 79
    • 0015891053 scopus 로고
    • Ozone sensitivity of plants in natural communities
    • Treshow M., and Stewart D. Ozone sensitivity of plants in natural communities. Biol. Conserv. 5 (1973) 209-214
    • (1973) Biol. Conserv. , vol.5 , pp. 209-214
    • Treshow, M.1    Stewart, D.2
  • 80
    • 34548280066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA, 1999. The benefits and costs of the Clean Air Act 1990 to 2010. EPA Report EPA-410-R-99-001.
  • 81
    • 34548203334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA, 2006a. Basic information: how far can you see? (Internet version at: http://www.epa.gov/air/visibility/what.html).
  • 82
    • 34548217919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA, 2006b. National trends in ozone levels. (Internet version at: http://www.epa.gov/ttnnaaqs/ozonetech/airtrends/ozone2.html).
  • 83
    • 34548215355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA, 2007. Review of the national ambient air quality standards for ozone: Policy assessment of scientific and technical information. OAQPS Staff Paper EPA-452/R-07-003. Research Triangle Park, NC.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.