메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 982, 2007, Pages 518-524

Personal development plans and self-directed learning for healthcare professionals: Are they evidence based?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL PERSONNEL; MEDICAL PRACTICE; PERSONAL APPEARANCE; REVIEW; SELF CARE;

EID: 34548183101     PISSN: 00325473     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.053066     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 34548171218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Health. Good doctors, safer patients: proposals to strengthen the system to assure and improve the performance of doctors and to protect the safety of patients. A report by the Chief Medical Officer. London: DOH, 2006, http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/ PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en? CONTENT_ID=4137232&chk=KW63va Free full text (Accessed 24 Aug 2006). Pages 194 and 197, recommendations 18 and 28, http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/13/72/ 91/04137291.pdf (Accessed 24 Aug 2006).
    • Department of Health. Good doctors, safer patients: proposals to strengthen the system to assure and improve the performance of doctors and to protect the safety of patients. A report by the Chief Medical Officer. London: DOH, 2006, http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/ PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en? CONTENT_ID=4137232&chk=KW63va Free full text (Accessed 24 Aug 2006). Pages 194 and 197, recommendations 18 and 28, http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/13/72/ 91/04137291.pdf (Accessed 24 Aug 2006).
  • 3
    • 0004113636 scopus 로고
    • Self-direction for lifelong learning
    • San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education
    • Candy P. Self-direction for lifelong learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series, 1991.
    • (1991) Series
    • Candy, P.1
  • 4
    • 84970220717 scopus 로고
    • Major learning efforts: Recent research and future directions
    • Tough A. Major learning efforts: recent research and future directions. Adult Educ (US) 1978;28:250-63.
    • (1978) Adult Educ (US) , vol.28 , pp. 250-263
    • Tough, A.1
  • 9
    • 0032770043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adult learner: A mythical species
    • Norman G. The adult learner: a mythical species. Acad Med 1999;74:886-9.
    • (1999) Acad Med , vol.74 , pp. 886-889
    • Norman, G.1
  • 12
    • 34548155732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dewey J. How we think. New York: Dover Publications, 2007 (1910 reprint).
    • Dewey J. How we think. New York: Dover Publications, 2007 (1910 reprint).
  • 14
    • 4043064189 scopus 로고
    • A critical theory of adult learning and education
    • Mezirow J. A critical theory of adult learning and education. Adult Learning 1981;31:21.
    • (1981) Adult Learning , vol.31 , pp. 21
    • Mezirow, J.1
  • 18
    • 34548160688 scopus 로고
    • Critical analysis of adult learning principles from a self-directed learner's perspective
    • Tempe, Arizona State University
    • Danis C, Tremblay N. Critical analysis of adult learning principles from a self-directed learner's perspective. Proceedings: Adult Educ Research Conference, No. 26. Tempe, Arizona State University, 1985.
    • (1985) Proceedings: Adult Educ Research Conference, No. 26
    • Danis, C.1    Tremblay, N.2
  • 19
    • 84973208552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching learners to be self directed
    • Grow G. Teaching learners to be self directed. Adult Education Quarterly 1996;41:125-49.
    • (1996) Adult Education Quarterly , vol.41 , pp. 125-149
    • Grow, G.1
  • 21
    • 34548157750 scopus 로고
    • Successful independent learning of adults of low educational attainment in Britain: A parallel educational universe
    • University of Nebraska, Lincoln
    • rd Annual Educ Research Conference, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 1982:48-53.
    • (1982) rd Annual Educ Research Conference , pp. 48-53
    • Brookfield, S.1
  • 23
    • 0003401579 scopus 로고
    • Florida: Center for the Application of Psychological Type
    • Jung C. Psychological types. Florida: Center for the Application of Psychological Type, 1923.
    • (1923) Psychological types
    • Jung, C.1
  • 28
    • 84958356653 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive styles: An overview and integration
    • Riding R, Cheema I. Cognitive styles: an overview and integration, Educ Psychol 1991;11:193-215.
    • (1991) Educ Psychol , vol.11 , pp. 193-215
    • Riding, R.1    Cheema, I.2
  • 29
    • 34548161652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rayner S. Reconstructing style differences in thinking & learning: profiling learning performance. In: Riding R, Rayner S, eds. International Perspectives on Individual Differences. 1 Cognitive styles. Stamford, Connecticut: Ablex Publishing Corp, 2000.
    • Rayner S. Reconstructing style differences in thinking & learning: profiling learning performance. In: Riding R, Rayner S, eds. International Perspectives on Individual Differences. Vol. 1 Cognitive styles. Stamford, Connecticut: Ablex Publishing Corp, 2000.
  • 30
    • 0032770043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adult learner: A mythical species
    • Norman G. The adult learner: a mythical species. Acad Med 1999;74:886-9.
    • (1999) Acad Med , vol.74 , pp. 886-889
    • Norman, G.1
  • 31
    • 0141440286 scopus 로고
    • An organization of learning style theory and constructs
    • Curry L, ed, Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association
    • Curry L. An organization of learning style theory and constructs. In: Curry L, ed. Learning style in continuing medical education. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association, 1983:115-23.
    • (1983) Learning style in continuing medical education , pp. 115-123
    • Curry, L.1
  • 33
    • 0031750403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of physician attitudes about uncertainty and risk taking with resource use in a Medicare HMO
    • Allison J, Kiefe C, Cook E. The association of physician attitudes about uncertainty and risk taking with resource use in a Medicare HMO. Medical Decision Making 1998;18:320-9.
    • (1998) Medical Decision Making , vol.18 , pp. 320-329
    • Allison, J.1    Kiefe, C.2    Cook, E.3
  • 34
    • 0036150385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do general practitioners' risk taking propensities and learning styles influence their CME preferences?
    • Robinson G. Do general practitioners' risk taking propensities and learning styles influence their CME preferences? Medical Teacher 2002;24:71-8.
    • (2002) Medical Teacher , vol.24 , pp. 71-78
    • Robinson, G.1
  • 35
    • 34548181597 scopus 로고
    • Andragogical assumptions: Some counter intuitive logic
    • Raleigh, North Carolina State University
    • Pratt D. Andragogical assumptions: some counter intuitive logic. Proceedings of the Adult Educ Research Conference, 25, Raleigh, North Carolina State University, 1984.
    • (1984) Proceedings of the Adult Educ Research Conference , vol.25
    • Pratt, D.1
  • 36
    • 0000763292 scopus 로고
    • The nature and importance of individual differences in perception
    • Witkin H. The nature and importance of individual differences in perception. J Personality 1949;18:145-70.
    • (1949) J Personality , vol.18 , pp. 145-170
    • Witkin, H.1
  • 38
    • 34548178011 scopus 로고
    • Successful self directed learners' learning styles
    • Raleigh, North Carolina State University
    • Thiel J. Successful self directed learners' learning styles, Proceedings of the Adult Educ Research Conference, 25, Raleigh, North Carolina State University 1984.
    • (1984) Proceedings of the Adult Educ Research Conference , vol.25
    • Thiel, J.1
  • 40
    • 0003357254 scopus 로고
    • Development of an instrument to identify self-directed continuing learners
    • Oddi L. Development of an instrument to identify self-directed continuing learners. Adult Educ Quarterly 1986;36:97-107.
    • (1986) Adult Educ Quarterly , vol.36 , pp. 97-107
    • Oddi, L.1
  • 42
    • 84945763368 scopus 로고
    • Case study: Curriculum negotiation in professional adult education
    • Millar C, Morphet A, Saddington J. Case study: curriculum negotiation in professional adult education. J Curriculum Studies 1986;18:437.
    • (1986) J Curriculum Studies , vol.18 , pp. 437
    • Millar, C.1    Morphet, A.2    Saddington, J.3
  • 43
    • 34548179005 scopus 로고
    • Individual autonomy: The magnificent obsession
    • Dittman J. Individual autonomy: the magnificent obsession. Educ Leadership 1976;33:463-7.
    • (1976) Educ Leadership , vol.33 , pp. 463-467
    • Dittman, J.1
  • 44
    • 34548147966 scopus 로고
    • Autonomous study by pupils in secondary schools
    • Marbeau V. Autonomous study by pupils in secondary schools. Educ Culture 1976:14-21.
    • (1976) Educ Culture , pp. 14-21
    • Marbeau, V.1
  • 45
    • 34548168837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications for graduate and undergraduate education derived from quantitative research in CME: Lessons learned from an automobile
    • Davis D, Thomson M. Implications for graduate and undergraduate education derived from quantitative research in CME: lessons learned from an automobile. J Cont Educ Health Prof 1996;16:75-81.
    • (1996) J Cont Educ Health Prof , vol.16 , pp. 75-81
    • Davis, D.1    Thomson, M.2
  • 46
    • 34548181585 scopus 로고
    • The organizing circumstance: Environmental determinants in self-directed learning
    • Career & Vocational Education. Ohio State University
    • Spear G, Mocker D. The organizing circumstance: environmental determinants in self-directed learning, ED226148, ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career & Vocational Education. Ohio State University, 1981.
    • (1981) ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult , vol.ED226148
    • Spear, G.1    Mocker, D.2
  • 47
    • 84979309352 scopus 로고
    • Self direction & programmed instruction for five different types of learning objectives
    • Campbell V. Self direction & programmed instruction for five different types of learning objectives. Psychology in the Schools 1964;1:348-59.
    • (1964) Psychology in the Schools , vol.1 , pp. 348-359
    • Campbell, V.1
  • 49
    • 34548179616 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative differences in learning as a function of the learner's conception of the task
    • Göteborg: University of Göteborg
    • Säljö R. Qualitative differences in learning as a function of the learner's conception of the task. Göteborg studies in educational sciences 14. Göteborg: University of Göteborg, 1975.
    • (1975) Göteborg studies in educational sciences , vol.14
    • Säljö, R.1
  • 51
    • 34548152550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-directed learning in adulthood: A literature review
    • Career & Vocational Education. Ohio State University
    • Owen T. Self-directed learning in adulthood: a literature review, ED461050, ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career & Vocational Education. Ohio State University, 2002.
    • (2002) ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult , vol.ED461050
    • Owen, T.1
  • 52
    • 34548162643 scopus 로고
    • Self directed learning in an other-directed environment: The role of correctional education in a learning society
    • Boucouvalas M, Pearse P. Self directed learning in an other-directed environment: the role of correctional education in a learning society. J Correctional Educ 1982;32(4):31-5.
    • (1982) J Correctional Educ , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 31-35
    • Boucouvalas, M.1    Pearse, P.2
  • 53
    • 0026317343 scopus 로고
    • A review of the validity and accuracy of self-assessments in health professions training
    • Gordon M. A review of the validity and accuracy of self-assessments in health professions training. Acad Med 1991;66:762-9.
    • (1991) Acad Med , vol.66 , pp. 762-769
    • Gordon, M.1
  • 54
    • 0020456041 scopus 로고
    • Needs assessment in continuing medical education: A practical guide
    • Laxdal O. Needs assessment in continuing medical education: a practical guide. J Med Educ 1982;57:827-34.
    • (1982) J Med Educ , vol.57 , pp. 827-834
    • Laxdal, O.1
  • 55
    • 0020076394 scopus 로고
    • A randomised trial of continuing medical education
    • Sibley J, Sackett D. A randomised trial of continuing medical education. N Engl J Med 1982;306:511-15.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.306 , pp. 511-515
    • Sibley, J.1    Sackett, D.2
  • 56
    • 0030671380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity of general practitioners' self assessment of knowledge: Cross sectional study
    • Tracey J, Arroll B. The validity of general practitioners' self assessment of knowledge: cross sectional study. BMJ 1997;315:1426- 8.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 1426-1428
    • Tracey, J.1    Arroll, B.2
  • 57
    • 0036876510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do physicians know what they should learn?
    • Wun Y, Dickinson J. Do physicians know what they should learn? Educ Primary Care 2002;13:504-10.
    • (2002) Educ Primary Care , vol.13 , pp. 504-510
    • Wun, Y.1    Dickinson, J.2
  • 58
    • 34548182296 scopus 로고
    • Adult education: A Sartrian based perspective
    • Burstow B. Adult education: a Sartrian based perspective Int J Lifelong Educ 1984;3(3):193-202.
    • (1984) Int J Lifelong Educ , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-202
    • Burstow, B.1
  • 60
    • 84964177509 scopus 로고
    • The improvement of instruction
    • McKeachie W. The improvement of instruction. Review of Educ Research 1960;30:351-60.
    • (1960) Review of Educ Research , vol.30 , pp. 351-360
    • McKeachie, W.1
  • 61
    • 34548170001 scopus 로고
    • Self-directed study: Experiments in higher education
    • No. 19. Boulder: University of Colorado
    • Gruber H, Weitman M. Self-directed study: experiments in higher education, Behaviour Research Laboratory Report No. 19. Boulder: University of Colorado, 1962.
    • (1962) Behaviour Research Laboratory Report
    • Gruber, H.1    Weitman, M.2
  • 62
    • 34548145602 scopus 로고
    • The growth of self-reliance
    • Gruber H, Weitman M. The growth of self-reliance. School & Society 1963;91:222-3.
    • (1963) School & Society , vol.91 , pp. 222-223
    • Gruber, H.1    Weitman, M.2
  • 63
    • 84979309352 scopus 로고
    • Self direction & programmed instruction for five different types of learning objectives
    • Campbell V. Self direction & programmed instruction for five different types of learning objectives. Psychology in the Schools 1964;1(4):348-59.
    • (1964) Psychology in the Schools , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 348-359
    • Campbell, V.1
  • 64
    • 34548176290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dubin R, Taveggia T. The teaching learning paradox: a comprehensive analysis of college teaching methods. Eugene, Oregon: Centre for the Advanced Study of Educational Administration, University of Oregon, 1968 (meta-analysis 1924-1965)).
    • Dubin R, Taveggia T. The teaching learning paradox: a comprehensive analysis of college teaching methods. Eugene, Oregon: Centre for the Advanced Study of Educational Administration, University of Oregon, 1968 (meta-analysis 1924-1965)).
  • 65
    • 0011555872 scopus 로고
    • Interactive relationship between inquisitiveness and student control of instruction
    • Fry J. Interactive relationship between inquisitiveness and student control of instruction. J Educ Psychology 1972;63:459-65.
    • (1972) J Educ Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 459-465
    • Fry, J.1
  • 66
    • 84965567124 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a study guide on independent adult learning
    • Kotaska J, Dickinson G, Effects of a study guide on independent adult learning. Adult Educ (US) 1975;25:161-8.
    • (1975) Adult Educ (US) , vol.25 , pp. 161-168
    • Kotaska, J.1    Dickinson, G.2
  • 67
    • 84970306274 scopus 로고
    • Effects of adult learner participation in course planning on achievement and satisfaction
    • Rosenblum S, Darkenwald G. Effects of adult learner participation in course planning on achievement and satisfaction. Adult Educ Quarterly 1983;33:147-53.
    • (1983) Adult Educ Quarterly , vol.33 , pp. 147-153
    • Rosenblum, S.1    Darkenwald, G.2
  • 68
    • 34548154238 scopus 로고
    • Student participation in instruction: Student choice
    • Geis G. Student participation in instruction: student choice. J Higher Educ 1976;47:249-73.
    • (1976) J Higher Educ , vol.47 , pp. 249-273
    • Geis, G.1
  • 69
    • 34548400069 scopus 로고
    • Motivational orientations of adult education participants: A factor analytic exploration of Houle's typology
    • Boshier R. Motivational orientations of adult education participants: a factor analytic exploration of Houle's typology. Adult Educ (US) 1971;21(2):3-26.
    • (1971) Adult Educ (US) , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 3-26
    • Boshier, R.1
  • 70
    • 84965935753 scopus 로고
    • Educational participation & dropout; a theoretical model
    • Boshier R. Educational participation & dropout; a theoretical model. Adult Educ (US) 1973;23(4):255-82.
    • (1973) Adult Educ (US) , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 255-282
    • Boshier, R.1
  • 71
    • 34548165268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biggs J. Enhancing learning skills: the role of metacognition. In: Bowden J. Student learning: research into practice. The Marysville Symposium, Parkville, Centre for the Study of Higher Education, University of Melbourne, 1986.
    • Biggs J. Enhancing learning skills: the role of metacognition. In: Bowden J. Student learning: research into practice. The Marysville Symposium, Parkville, Centre for the Study of Higher Education, University of Melbourne, 1986.
  • 72
    • 0027210954 scopus 로고
    • Continuing education for general practice 1: Experience, competence and the media of self directed learning for established general practitioners
    • Stanley I, Al-Shehri A. Continuing education for general practice 1: experience, competence and the media of self directed learning for established general practitioners. Br J General Practice 1993;43:210-14.
    • (1993) Br J General Practice , vol.43 , pp. 210-214
    • Stanley, I.1    Al-Shehri, A.2
  • 73
    • 0030887455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary care-opportunities and threats: Developing professional knowledge: making primary care research more relevant
    • Pearson P, Jones K. Primary care-opportunities and threats: developing professional knowledge: making primary care research more relevant. BMJ 1997;314:817.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.314 , pp. 817
    • Pearson, P.1    Jones, K.2
  • 75
    • 0038240518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisal of family doctors: An evaluation study
    • Lewis L, Elwyn G. Appraisal of family doctors: an evaluation study. Br J General Practice 2003;53:454-60.
    • (2003) Br J General Practice , vol.53 , pp. 454-460
    • Lewis, L.1    Elwyn, G.2
  • 76
    • 0036706433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General practitioners: Uncelebrated adult learners - a qualitative study
    • Bandara I, Calvert G. General practitioners: uncelebrated adult learners - a qualitative study. Education For Primary Care 2002;13:370-8.
    • (2002) Education For Primary Care , vol.13 , pp. 370-378
    • Bandara, I.1    Calvert, G.2
  • 77
    • 34548190291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • th Annual Adult Education Research Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1977 (ERIC/ED138807).
    • th Annual Adult Education Research Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1977 (ERIC/ED138807).
  • 78
    • 34548183072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • th Annual Convention of American Psychological Association. Miami Beach, 1970. In: Geis G, Student participation in instruction: student choice. J Higher Educ 1976;47:249-73.
    • th Annual Convention of American Psychological Association. Miami Beach, 1970. In: Geis G, Student participation in instruction: student choice. J Higher Educ 1976;47:249-73.
  • 79
    • 33745893836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: HMSO, Accessed 4 Feb
    • Smith J. The fifth report of the Shipman Inquiry. London: HMSO, 2004, http://www.the-shipman-inquiry.org.uk/5r_page.asp?ID=4814 (Accessed 4 Feb 2006).
    • (2004) The fifth report of the Shipman Inquiry
    • Smith, J.1
  • 80
    • 0036148409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of personal education plans in continuing professional development: An evaluation
    • Evans A, Ali S. The effectiveness of personal education plans in continuing professional development: an evaluation, Medical Teacher 2002;24:79-84.
    • (2002) Medical Teacher , vol.24 , pp. 79-84
    • Evans, A.1    Ali, S.2
  • 81
    • 34548163615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal development plans: Implementing PDPs into general practice
    • Carter Y, O'Hara J. Personal development plans: implementing PDPs into general practice. Education for Primary Care 2005;16:672-9.
    • (2005) Education for Primary Care , vol.16 , pp. 672-679
    • Carter, Y.1    O'Hara, J.2
  • 82
    • 34548185177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A qualitative study of general practitioners' views of the appraisal process
    • Nayar V. A qualitative study of general practitioners' views of the appraisal process. Education for Primary Care 2003;14:202-6.
    • (2003) Education for Primary Care , vol.14 , pp. 202-206
    • Nayar, V.1
  • 83
    • 0036706433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General practitioners: Uncelebrated adult learners- a qualitative study
    • Bandara I, Calvert G. General practitioners: uncelebrated adult learners- a qualitative study. Education for Primary Care 2002;13:370-8.
    • (2002) Education for Primary Care , vol.13 , pp. 370-378
    • Bandara, I.1    Calvert, G.2
  • 84
    • 28844502839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual appraisal for general practitioners: Where have we got to?
    • Denney M-L. Annual appraisal for general practitioners: where have we got to? Education for Primary Care 2005;16:697-703.
    • (2005) Education for Primary Care , vol.16 , pp. 697-703
    • Denney, M.-L.1
  • 85
    • 0037598601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that helped and hindered undertaking professional development plans and personal development plans
    • Ramsay R, Pitts J. Factors that helped and hindered undertaking professional development plans and personal development plans. Education For Primary Care 2003;14:166-77.
    • (2003) Education For Primary Care , vol.14 , pp. 166-177
    • Ramsay, R.1    Pitts, J.2
  • 86
    • 0034128601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking about self-efficacy
    • Cervone D. Thinking about self-efficacy. Behavior Modification 2000;24:30-56.
    • (2000) Behavior Modification , vol.24 , pp. 30-56
    • Cervone, D.1
  • 87
    • 0026317343 scopus 로고
    • A review of the validity and accuracy of self-assessments in health profession training
    • Gordon M. A review of the validity and accuracy of self-assessments in health profession training. Acad Med 1991;66:762-9.
    • (1991) Acad Med , vol.66 , pp. 762-769
    • Gordon, M.1
  • 88
    • 0036366044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ward M, Gruppen L. Research in self assessment: current state of the art. Adv Health Science Educ 2002;7:63-80.
    • Ward M, Gruppen L. Research in self assessment: current state of the art. Adv Health Science Educ 2002;7:63-80.
  • 89
    • 0030338217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling ourselves, controlling our world: Psychology's role in understanding positive and negative consequences of seeking and gaining control
    • Shapiro D, Schwartz C. Controlling ourselves, controlling our world: psychology's role in understanding positive and negative consequences of seeking and gaining control. Am Psych 1996;51:1213-30.
    • (1996) Am Psych , vol.51 , pp. 1213-1230
    • Shapiro, D.1    Schwartz, C.2
  • 90
    • 25644441640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-assessment in the health professions: A reformulation and research agenda
    • Eva K, Regehr G. Self-assessment in the health professions: a reformulation and research agenda. Acad Med 2005;80:S46-54.
    • (2005) Acad Med , vol.80
    • Eva, K.1    Regehr, G.2
  • 91
    • 0000571141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If we are so rich, why aren't we happy?
    • Csikszentmihalyi M. If we are so rich, why aren't we happy? Am Psych 1999;54:821-7.
    • (1999) Am Psych , vol.54 , pp. 821-827
    • Csikszentmihalyi, M.1
  • 92
    • 0000251648 scopus 로고
    • Memory and metamemory considerations in the training of human beings
    • Ahimamura A, Metcalfe J, eds, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press
    • Björk R. Memory and metamemory considerations in the training of human beings. In: Ahimamura A, Metcalfe J, eds. Metacognition: knowing about knowing. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1994.
    • (1994) Metacognition: Knowing about knowing
    • Björk, R.1
  • 93
    • 84965393847 scopus 로고
    • Utilization of metacognitive judgements in the allocation of study during multitrial learning
    • Nelson T, Dunlosky J, et al. Utilization of metacognitive judgements in the allocation of study during multitrial learning. Psych Science 1994;5:207-13.
    • (1994) Psych Science , vol.5 , pp. 207-213
    • Nelson, T.1    Dunlosky, J.2
  • 95
    • 0037132827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning needs assessment: Assessing the need
    • Grant J. Learning needs assessment: assessing the need. BMJ 2002;324:156-9.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 156-159
    • Grant, J.1
  • 96
    • 0029021368 scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the effect of continuing medical education strategies
    • Davis D, Thomson M. A systematic review of the effect of continuing medical education strategies. JAMA 1995;274:700-5.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 700-705
    • Davis, D.1    Thomson, M.2
  • 97
    • 33644876303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evidence based model for effective self assessment for directing personal learning
    • Asadoorian A, Batty H. An evidence based model for effective self assessment for directing personal learning, J Dent Educ 2005;69:1315-23.
    • (2005) J Dent Educ , vol.69 , pp. 1315-1323
    • Asadoorian, A.1    Batty, H.2
  • 98
    • 34548178756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyons N. Responsibilities. National Association of Primary Care Educators Newsletter No. 26, Bury, 2005.
    • Lyons N. Responsibilities. National Association of Primary Care Educators Newsletter No. 26, Bury, 2005.
  • 99
    • 20144379409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical education research: Being strategic
    • Searle J, Prideaux D. Medical education research: being strategic. Medical Education 2005;39:544-6.
    • (2005) Medical Education , vol.39 , pp. 544-546
    • Searle, J.1    Prideaux, D.2
  • 100
    • 0037183166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valuing learners' experience and supporting further growth: Educational models to help experienced adult learners in medicine
    • Newman P, Peile E. Valuing learners' experience and supporting further growth: educational models to help experienced adult learners in medicine. BMJ 2002;325:200-2.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 200-202
    • Newman, P.1    Peile, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.