Human papillomavirus infections: New perspectives for prevention and treatment

New Microbiologica

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 188-212

  Menzo, Stefano ^a,d   Marinelli, Katia ^a   Bagnarelli, Patrizia ^a   Rolla, Serena ^b   Clementi, Massimo ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITÀ POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE   (Italy)

^b Diagnostica and Ricerca San Raffaele   (Italy)

^c VITA SALUTE SAN RAFFAELE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^d OSPEDALI RIUNITI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cervical cancer; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; High risk HPVs; Human papillomaviruses; Molecular mechanisms; Prevention; Treatment

Indexed keywords

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE;

ANTIVIRUS AGENT; PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH; HUMAN; PAPILLOMA VIRUS; PHYLOGENY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; VACCINATION; VIROLOGY; VIRUS CELL TRANSFORMATION; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL; CLINICAL TRIALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY, MOLECULAR; HUMANS; PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS; PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINES; PHYLOGENY; VACCINATION; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 34547933060     PISSN: 11217138     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. ANDERSSON, S., HANSSON, B., NORMAN, I., GABERI, V., MINTS, M., HJERPE, A., KARLSEN, F. AND JOHANSSON, B. (2006). Expression of E6/E7 mRNA from 'high risk' human papillomavirus in relation to CIN grade, viral load and p16INK4a. Int J Onco. 29 (3), 705-711.
2. ANDREI, G., SNOECK, R., SCHOLS, D. AND DE CLERCQ, E. (2000). Induction of apoptosis by cidofovir in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cells. Oncol Res 12 (9-10), 397-408.
3. ARIAS-PULIDO H., PEYTON CL., JOSTE N.E., VARGAS H., WHEELER CM. (2006). Human papillomavirus type 16 integration in cervical carcinoma in situ and in invasive cervical cancer. J Clin Microbiol. 44(5):1755-1762.
4. ASHRAFI, G.H., PITTS, J.D., FACCINI, A., MCLEAN, P., O'BRIEN, V., FINBOW, M.E. AND CAMPO, S. (2000). Binding of bovine papillomavirus type 4 E8 to ductin (16K proteolipid), down-regulation of gap junction intercellular communication and full cell transformation are independent events. J Gen Virol 81 (Pt 3), 689-694.
5. BARBOSA, M.S., EDMONDS, C., FISHER, C., SCHILLER, J.T., LOWY, D.R. AND VOUSDEN, K.H. (1990). The region of the HPV E7 oncoprotein homologous to adenovirus E1a and Sv40 large T antigen contains separate domains for Rb binding and casein kinase II phosphorylation. Embo J 9 (1), 153-160.
6. BARNARD, P. AND MCMILLAN, N.A. (1999). The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein abrogates signal ing mediated by interferon-alpha. Virology 259 (2), 305-313.
7. BERMUDEZ-HUMARAN, L.G., LANGELLA, P., MIYOSHI, A., GRUSS, A., GUERRA, R.T., MONTES DE OCA-LUNA, R. AND LE LOIR, Y. (2002). Production of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 (2), 917-922.
8. BONAGURA, V. R., HATAM, L., DEVOTI, J., ZENG, E AND STEINBERG, B.M. (1999). Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: altered CD8(+) T-cell subsets and T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokine imbalance. Clin Immunol 93 (3), 302-311.
9. BOSCH, F.X., MANOS, M.M., MUNOZ, N., SHERMAN, M., JANSEN, A.M., PETO, J., SCHIFFMAN, M.H., MORENO, V., KURMAN, R. AND SHAH, K.V. (1995). Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. International biological study on cervical cancer (IBSCC) Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 87 (11), 796-802.
10. BOUWES BAVINCK, J.N., FELTKAMP, M., STRUIJK, L. AND TER SCHEGGET, J. (2001). Human papillomavirus infection and skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 6 (3), 207-211.
11. BOXMAN, I.L., BERKHOUT, R.J., MULDER, L.H., WOLKERS, M.C., BOUWES BAVINCK, J.N., VERMEER, B.J. AND TER SCHEGGET, J. (1997). Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in plucked hairs from renal transplant recipients and healthy volunteers. J Invest Dermatol 108 (5), 712-715.
12. BOYER, S.N., WAZER, D.E. AND BAND, V (1996). E7 protein of human papilloma virus-16 induces degradation of retinoblastoma protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Cancer Res 56 (20), 4620-4624.
13. BREHM, A., NIELSEN, S.J., MISKA, E.A., MCCANCE, D.J., REID, J., BANNISTER, A.J. AND KOUZARIDES, T. (1999). The E7 oncoprotein associates with Mi2 and histone deacetylase activity to promote cell growth. Embo J 18 (9), 2449-2458.
14. BRODER, S. (1992). From the National Institutes of Health. Jama 267 (14), 1892.
15. CALDEIRA, S., ZEHBE, I., ACCARDI, R., MALANCHI, I., DONG, W., GIARRE, M., DE VILLIERS, E.M., FILOTICO, R., BOUKAMP, P. AND TOMMASINO, M. (2003). The E6 and E7 proteins of the cutaneous human papillomavirus type 38 display transforming properties. J Virol 77 (3), 2195-2206.
16. CARSON, A. AND KHAN, S.A. (2006). Characterization of transcription factor binding to human papillomavirus type 16 DNA during cellular differentiation. J Virol. 80 (9), 4356-4362.
17. CASTLE, P.E., WACHOLDER, S., LORINCZ, A.T., SCOTT, D.R., SHERMAN, M.E., GLASS, A.G., RUSH, B.B., SCHUSSLER, J.E. AND SCHIFFMAN, M. (2002). A prospective study of high-grade cervical neoplasia risk among human papillomavirus-infected women. J Natl Cancer Inst 94 (18), 1406-1414.
18. CELENTANO, D.D., KLASSEN, A.C., WEISMAN, C.S. AND ROSENSHEIN, N.B. (1987). The role of contraceptive use in cervical cancer: the Maryland Cervical Cancer Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol 126 (4), 592-604.
19. CHEN, C.H., JI, H., SUH, K.W., CHOTI, M.A., PARDOLL, D.M. AND WU, T.C. (1999). Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination induces antitumor immunity against human papillomavirus type 16 E7-expressing murine tumor metastases in the liver and lungs. Gene Ther 6 (12), 1972-1981.
20. CHEN, Z., SCHIFFMAN, M., HERRERO, R., DESALLE, R. AND BURK, R.D. (2006). Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 101 and 103 isolated from cervicovaginal cells lack an E6 open reading frame (ORF) and are related to gamma-papillomaviruses. Virology 21, 21.
21. CHO, Y.S., KANG, J.W., CHO, M., CHO, C.W., LEE, S., CHOE, Y.K., KIM, Y., CHOI, I., PARK, S.N., KIM, S., ET AL. (2001). Down modulation of IL-18 expression by human papillomavirus type 16 E6 oncogene via binding to IL-18. FEBS Lett 501 (2-3), 139-145.
22. CIUFFO, G. (1907). Innesto positivo con filtrato di verruca volgare. G Ital Mal Venereol 48, 12.
23. CLERICI, M., MEROLA, M., FERRARIO, E., TRABATTONI, D., VILLA, M.L., STEFANON, B., VENZON, D.J., SHEARER, G.M., DE PALO, G. AND CLERICI, E. (1997). Cytokine production patterns in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: association with human papillomavirus infection. J Natl Cancer Inst 89 (3), 245-250.
24. COLEMAN, N., BIRLEY, H.D., RENTON, A.M., HANNA, N.F., RYAIT, B.K., BYRNE, M., TAYLOR-ROBINSON, D. AND STANLEY, M.A. (1994). Immunological events in regressing genital warts. Am J Clin Pathol 102 (6), 768-774.
25. COLLIER, B., OBERG, D., ZHAO, X. AND SCHWARTZ, S. (2002). Specific inactivation of inhibitory sequences in the 5' end of the human papillomavirus type 16 L1 open reading frame results in production of high levels of L1 protein in human epithelial cells. J Virol 76 (6), 2739-2752.
26. CRAPOLICCHIO A, SIMONE G, CAPONIO MA, FUMAROLA L, MONNO R. (2006). Detection of human papilloma virus in women attending the IRCCS, Ospedale oncologico Bari, Southern Italy: preliminary data. New Microbiol. 29(1): 69-73.
27. CRIPE, T.P., HAUGEN, T.H., TURK, J.P., TABATABAI, F., SCHMID, P.G., 3RD, DURST, M., GISSMANN, L., ROMAN, A. AND TUREK, L.P. (1987). Transcriptional regulation of the human papillomavirus-16 E6-E7 promoter by a keratinocyte-dependent enhancer, and by viral E2 trans-activator and repressor gene products: implications for cervical carcinogenesis. Embo J 6 (12), 3745-3753.
28. CUPP, M.R., MALEK, R.S., GOELLNER, J.R., SMITH, T.F. AND ESPY, M.J. (1995). The detection of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in intraepithelial, in situ, verrucous and invasive carcinoma of the penis. J Urol 154 (3), 1024-1029.
29. DAVIDSON, E.J., DAVIDSON, J.A., STERLING, J.C., BALDWIN, P.J., KITCHENER, H.C. AND STERN, P.L. (2003). Association between human leukocyte antigen polymorphism and human papillomavirus 16-positive vulval intraepithelial neoplasia in British women. Cancer Res 63 (2), 400-403.
30. DAY, P.M., LOWY, D.R. AND SCHILLER, J.T. (2003). Papillomaviruses infect cells via a clathrin-dependent pathway. Virology 307 (1), 1-11.
31. DAY, P.M., RODEN, R.B., LOWY, D.R. AND SCHILLER, J.T. (1998). The papillomavirus minor capsid protein, L2, induces localization of the major capsid protein, L1, and the viral transcription/replication protein, E2, to PML oncogenic domains. J Virol 72 (1), 142-150.
32. DE BOER, M.A., JORDANOVA, E.S., KENTER, G.G., PETERS, A.A., CORVER, W.E., TRIMBOS, J.B. AND FLEUREN, G.J. (2007). High human papillomavirus oncogene mRNA expression and not viral DNA load is associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 13 (1), 132-138.
33. DE GRUIJL, T.D., BONTKES, H.J., STUKART, M.J., WALBOOMERS, J.M., REMMINK, A.J., VERHEUEN, R.H., HELMERHORST, T.J., MEIJER, C.J. AND SCHEPER, R.J. (1996). T cell proliferative responses against human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein are most prominent in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients with a persistent viral infection. J Gen Virol 77 (Pt 9), 2183-2191.
34. DE GRUIJL, T.D., BONTKES, H.J., WALBOOMERS, J.M., STUKART, M.J., ROBBESOM, A.A., VON BLOMBERG-VAN DER FLIER, B.M., HERBRINK, P., REMMINK, A.J., VERHEIJEN, R.H., HELMERHORST, T.J., ET AL. (1996). Analysis of IgG reactivity against Human Papillomavirus type-16 E7 in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia indicates an association with clearance of viral infection: results of a prospective study. Int J Cancer 68 (6), 731-738.
35. DE MARCO, L., GILLIO-TOS, A., BONELLO, L., GHISETTI, V., RONCO, G. AND MERLETTI, F. (2007). Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 integration in preneoplastic cervical lesions and confirmation by DIPS-PCR and sequencing. J Clin Virol 38 (1), 7-13. Epub 2006 Oct 27.
36. DE PETRINI M., RITTA M. SCHENA M., CHIUSA L., CAMPISI P., GIORDANO C., LANDOLFO V., PECORARI G., LANDOLFO S. (2006). Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: role of the human papillomavirus in tumour progression. New Microbiol. 29 (1): 25-33.
37. DE VILLIERS, E.M., FAUQUET, C., BROKER, T.R., BERNARD, H.U. AND ZUR HAUSEN, H. (2004). Classification of papillomaviruses. Virology 324 (1), 17-27.
38. DEMERET, C., DESAINTES, C., YANIV, M. AND THIERRY, F. (1997). Different mechanisms contribute to the E2-mediated transcriptional repression of human papillomavirus tvpe 18 viral oncogenes. J Virol 71 (12), 9343-9349.
39. DIANZANI C., CALVIERI S., PIERANGELI A., DEGENER A.M. (2004). Identification of human papilloma viruses in male dvsplastic genital lesions. New Microbiol 27(1): 65-69.
40. DILLNER, L., BEKASSY, Z., JONSSON, N., MORENO-LOPEZ, J. AND BLOMBERG, J. (1989). Detection of IgA anti-bodies against human papillomavirus in cervica secretions from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer 43 (1), 36-40.
41. DOORBAR, J., FOO, C., COLEMAN, N., MEDCALF, L., HARTLEY, O., PROSPERO, T., NAPTHINE, S., STERLING, J., WINTER, G. AND GRIFFIN, H. (1997). Characterization of events during the late stages of HPV16 infection in vivo using high-affinity synthetic Fabs to E4. Virology 238 (1), 40-52.
42. DUENSING, S. AND MUNGER, K. (2002). The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins independently induce numerical and structural chromosome instability. Cancer Res 62 (23), 7075-7082.
43. DUPUY, C., BUZONI-GATEL, D., TOUZE, A., BOUT, D. AND COURSAGET, P. (1999). Nasal immunization of mice with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) virus-like particles or with the HPV-16 L1 gene elicits specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vaginal draining lymph nodes. J Virol 73 (11), 9063-9071.
44. DYSON, N., HOWLEY, P.M., MUNGER, K. AND HARLOW, E. (1989). The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Science 243 (4893), 934-937.
45. EDWARDS, L., FERENCZY, A., ERON, L., BAKER, D., OWENS, M.L., FOX, T.L., HOUGHAM, A.J. AND SCHMITT, K.A. (1998). Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod cream for external anogenital warts. HPV study Group. Human Papilloma Virus. Arch Dermatol 134 (1), 25-30.
46. ELBASHA, E.H., DASBACH, E.J. AND INSINGA, R.P. (2007). Model for assessing human papillomavirus vaccination strategies. Emerg Infect Dis. 13 (1), 28-41.
47. EUVRARD, S., CHARDONNET, Y., POUTEIL-NOBLE, C., KANITAKIS, J., CHIGNOL, M.C., THIVOLET, J. AND TOURAINE, J.L. (1993). Association of skin malignancies with various and multiple carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic human papillomaviruses in renal transplant recipients. Cancer 72 (7), 21 98-2206.
48. EVANDER, M., FRAZER, I.H., PAYNE, E., QI, Y.M., HENGST, K. AND MCMILLAN, N.A. (1997). Identification of the alpha6 integrin as a candidate receptor for papillomaviruses. J Virol 71 (3), 2449-2456.
49. FAVRE, M., ORTH, G., CROISSANT, O. & YANIV, M. (1975). Human papillomavirus DNA: physical map. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72, 4810.
50. FLANDER, A.N., TRISTRAM, A.J., DAVIDSON, E.J., TOMLINSON, A.E., MAN, S., BALDWIN, P.J., STERLING, J.C. AND KITCHENER, H.C. (2006). Prime-boost vaccination strategy in women with high-grade, non-cervical anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia: clinical results from a multicenter phase II trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 16 (3), 1075-1081.
51. FLORES, R., PAPENFUSS, M., KLIMECKI, W.T. AND GIULIANO, A.R. (2006). Cross-sectional analysis of oncogenic HPV viral load and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer. 118 (5), 1187-1193.
52. FRANCESCHI, S., CASTELLSAGUE, X., DAL MASO, L., SMITH, J.S., PLUMMER, M., NGELANGEL, C., CHICHAREON, S., ELUF-NETO, J., SHAH, K.V., SNIJDERS, P.J., ET AL. (2002). Prevalence and determinants of human papillomavirus genital infection in men. Br J Cancer 86(5), 705-711.
53. FRANCONI, R., DI BONITO, P., DIBELLO, F., ACCARDI, L., MULLER, A., CIRILLI, A., SIMEONE, P., DONA, M. G., VENUTI, A. AND GIORGI, C (2002). Plant-derived human papillomavirus 16 E7 oncoprotein induces immune response and specific tumor protection. Cancer Res 62 (13), 3654-3658.
54. FRATTINI, M.G. AND LAIMINS, L.A. (1994). Binding of the human papillomavirus El origin-recognition protein is regulated through complex formation with the E2 enhancer-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 (26), 12398-12402.
55. FUNK, J.O. AND GALLOWAY, D.A. (1998). Inhibiting CDK inhibitors: new lessons from DNA tumor viruses. Trends Biochem Sci 23 (9), 337-341.
56. GAGE, J. R., MEYERS, C. AND WETTSTEIN, F. O. (1990). The E7 proteins of the nononcogenic human papillomavirus type 6b (HPV-6b) and of the oncogenic HPV-16 differ in retinoblastoma protein binding and other properties. J Virol 64 (2), 723-730.
57. GAMMOH N., GRM H.S., MASSIMI P., BANKS L. (2006). Regulation of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 activity through direct protein interaction with the E2 transcriptional activator. J Virol. 80 (4), 1787-1797.
58. GAO, Q., KUMAR, A., SINGH, L., HUIBREGTSE, J.M., BEAUDENON, S., SRINIVASAN, S., WAZER, D.E., BAND, H. AND BAND, V. (2002). Human papillomavirus E6-induced degradation of E6TP1 is mediated by E6AP ubiquitin ligase. Cancer Res 62 (11), 3315-3321.
59. GARCIA-HERNANDEZ, E., GONZALEZ-S ANCHEZ, J. L., ANDRADE-MANZANO, A., CONTRERAS, M.L., PADILLA, S., GUZMAN, C.C., JIMENEZ, R., REYES, L., MOROSOLI, G., VERDE, M.L., ET AL. (2006). Regression of papilloma high-grade lesions (CIN 2 and CIN 3) is stimulated by therapeutic vaccination with MVA E2 recombinant vaccine. Cancer Gene Ther. 13 (6), 592-597.
60. GELDER, C.M., WILLIAMS, O.M., HART, K.W., WALL, S., WILLIAMS, G., INGRAMS, D., BULL, P., BUNCE, M., WELSH, K., MARSHALL, S.E., ET AL. (2003). HLA class II polymorphisms and susceptibility to recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. J Virol 77 (3), 1927-1939.
61. GEORGALA, S., KATOULIS, A.C., BEFON, A., GEORGALA, C AND RIGOPOULOS, D. (2006). Oral inosiplex in the treatment of cervical condylomata acuminata: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Bjog 113 (9), 1088-1091.
62. GEORGOPOULOS, N.T., PROFFITT, J.L. AND BLAIR, G.E. (2000). Transcriptional regulation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain, TAP1 and LMP2 genes by the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6b, 16 and 18 E7 oncoproteins. Oncogene 19 (42), 4930-4935.
63. GIARRE, M., CALDEIRA, S., MALANCHI, I., CICCOLINI, F., LEAO, M.J. AND TOMMASINO, M. (2001). Induction of pRb degradation by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein is essential to efficiently overcome p16INK4a-imposed G1 cell cycle Arrest. J Virol 75 (10), 4705-4712.
64. GILLISON, M.L. AND SHAH, K.V. (2001). Human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: mounting evidence for an etiologic role for human papillomavirus in a subset of head and neck cancers. Curr Opin Oncol 13 (3), 183-188.
65. GIONO, L.E. AND MANFREDI, J.J. (2006). The p53 tumor suppressor participates in multiple cell cycle checkpoints. J Cell Physiol. 209 (1), 13-20.
66. GIROGLOU, T., FLORIN, L., SCHAFER, F., STREECK, R.E. AND SAPP, M. (2001). Human papillomavirus infection requires cell surface heparan sulfate. J Virol 75 (3), 1565-1570.
67. GIULIANO, A.R., HARRIS, R., SEDJO, R.L., BALDWIN, S., ROE, D., PAPENFUSS, M.R., ABRAHAMSEN, M., INSERRA, P., OLVERA, S. AND HATCH, K. (2002). Incidence, prevalence, and clearance of type-specific human papillomavirus infections: The Young Women's Health Study. J Infect Dis 186 (4), 462-469.
68. GLOSS, B., BERNARD, H.U., SEEDORF, K. AND KLOCK, G. (1987). The upstream regulatory region of the human papilloma virus-16 contains an E2 protein-independent enhancer which is specific for cervical carcinoma cells and regulated by glucocorticoid hormones. Embo J 6 (12), 3735-3743.
69. GOLDIE, S.J., KUHN, L., DENNY, L., POLLACK, A. AND WRIGHT, T.C (2001). Policy analysis of cervical cancer screening strategies in low-resource settings: clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness. Jama 285 (24), 3107-3115.
70. GOLDSTEIN, D.J., FINBOW, M.E., ANDRESSON, T., MCLEAN, P., SMITH, K., BUBB, V. AND SCHLEGEL, R. (1991). Bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein binds to the 16K component of vacuolar H(+)-ATPases. Nature 352 (6333), 347-349.
71. GONZALEZ, S.L., STREMLAU, M., HE, X., BASILE, J.R. AND MUNGER, K. (2001). Degradation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein is important for functional inactivation and is separable from proteasomal degradation of E7. J Virol 75 (16), 7583-7591.
72. GOODWIN, E.C., NAEGER, L.K., BREIDING, D.E., ANDROPHY, E.J. AND DIMAIO, D. (1998). Transactivation-competent bovine papillomavirus E2 protein is specifically required for efficient repression of human papillomavirus oncogene expression and for acute growth inhibition of cervical carcinoma cell lines. J Virol 72 (5), 3925-3934.
73. GRM H.S., MASSIMI P., GAMMOH N., BANKS L. (2005). Crosstalk between the human papillomavirus E2 transcriptional activator and the E6 oncoprotein. Oncogene 24 (33), 5149-5164.
74. GRUSSENDORF-CONEN, E.I., JACOBS, S., RUBBEN, A. AND DETHLEFSEN, U. (2002). Topical 5% imiquimod long-term treatment of cutaneous warts resistant to standard therapy modalities. Dermatology 205 (2), 139-145.
75. GUO, M., SNEIGE, N., SILVA, E.G., JAN, Y.J., COGDELL, D.E., LIN, E., LUTHRA, R. AND ZHANG, W. (2007). Distribution and viral load of eight oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV 16 integration status in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 20 (2), 256-66. Epub 2006 Dec 22.
76. HAN, R., CLADEL, N.M., REED, C.A., PENG, X., BUDGEON, L.R., PICKEL, M. AND CHRISTENSEN, N.D. (2000). DNA vaccination prevents and/or delays carcinoma development of papillomavirus-induced skin papillomas on rabbits. J Virol 74 (20), 9712-9716.
77. HAN, R., REED, C.A., CLADEL, N.M. AND CHRISTENSEN, N.D. (2000). Immunization of rabbits with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus El and E2 genes: protective immunity induced by gene gun-mediated intracutaneous delivery but not by intramuscular injection. Vaccine 18 (26), 2937-2944.
78. HAWLEY-NELSON, P., VOUSDEN, K.H., HUBBERT, N.L., LOWY, D.R. AND SCHILLER, J.T. (1989). HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins cooperate to immortalize human foreskin keratinocytes. Embo J 8 (12), 3905-3910.
79. HECK, D.V., YEE, C.L., HOWLEY, P.M. AND MUNGER, K. (1992). Efficiency of binding the retinoblastoma protein correlates with the transforming capacity of the E7 oncoproteins of the human papillomaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 (10), 4442-4446.
80. HELT, A.M., FUNK, J.O. AND GALLOWAY, D.A. (2002). Inactivation of both the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor and p21 by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein is necessary to inhibit cell cycle arrest in human epithelial cells. J Virol 76 (20), 10559-10568.
81. HILDESHEIM, A. AND WANG, S.S. (2002). Host and viral genetics and risk of cervical cancer: a review. Virus Res 89 (2), 229-240.
82. HO, L., CHAN, S.Y., BURK, R.D., DAS, B.C., FUJINAGA, K., ICENOGLE, J.P., KAHN, T., KIVIAT, N., LANCASTER, W., MAVROMARA-NAZOS, P., ET AL. (1993), The genetic drift of human papillomavirus type 16 is a means of reconstructing prehistoric viral spread and the movement of ancient human populations. J Virol 67(11), 6413-6423.
83. HUANG, S.M. AND MCCANCE, D.J. (2002). Down regulation of the interleukin-8 promoter by human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 through effects on CREB binding protein/p300 and P/CAF. J Virol 76 (17), 8710-8721.
84. HUIBREGTSE, J.M., SCHEFFNER, M. AND HOWLEY, P.M. (1993). Localization of the E6-AP regions that direct human papillomavirus E6 binding, association with p53, and ubiquitination of associated proteins. Mol Cell Biol 13 (8), 4918-4927.
85. HUNG, C.F., HSU, K.F., CHENG, W.F., CHAI, C.Y., HE, L., LING, M. AND WU, T.C. (2001). Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by linkage of antigen gene to a gene encoding the extracellular domain of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-ligand. Cancer Res 61 (3), 1080-1088.
86. IFTNER, T., ELBEL, M., SCHOPP, B., HILLER, T., LOIZOU, J.I., CALDECOTT, K.W. AND STUBENRAUCH, F. (2002). Interference of papillomavirus E6 protein with single-strand break repair by interaction with XRCC1. Embo J 21 (17), 4741-4748.
87. JOCHMUS, I., SCHAFER, K., FAATH, S., MULLER, M. AND GISSMANN, L. (1999). Chimeric virus-like particles of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine. Arch Med Res 30 (4), 269-274.
88. KASPARI, M., GUTZMER, R., KIEHL, P., DUMKE, P., KAPP, A. AND BRODERSEN, J.P. (2002). Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of human papillomavirus-16-positive erythroplasia of Queyrat. Dermatology 205 (1), 67-69.
89. KJAER, S.K., VAN DEN BRULE, A.J., BOCK, J.E., POLL, P.A., ENGHOLM, G., SHERMAN, M. E., WALBOOMERS, J.M. AND MEIJER, C.J. (1997). Determinants for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in 1000 randomly chosen young Danish women with normal Pap smear: are there different risk profiles for oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV types? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6 (10), 799-805.
90. KLETER, B., VAN DOORN, L.J., TER SCHEGGET, J., SCHRAUWEN, L., VAN KRIMPEN, K., BURGER, M., TER HARMSEL, B. AND QUINT, W. (1998). Novel short-fragment PCR assay for highly sensitive broad-spectrum detection of anogenital human papillomaviruses. Am J Pathol 153 (6), 1731-1739.
91. KLUSSMANN, J.P., WEISSENBORN, S.J., WIELAND, U., DRIES, V., KOLLIGS, J., JUNGEHUELSING, M., ECKEL, H.E., DIENES, H.P., PFISTER, H.J. AND FUCHS, P.G. (2001). Prevalence, distribution, and viral load of human papillomavirus 16 DNA in tonsillar carcinomas. Cancer 92 (11), 2875-2884.
92. KOUTSKY, L.A., AULT, K.A., WHEELER, C.M., BROWN, D.R., BARR, E., ALVAREZ, F.B., CHIACCHIERINI, L.M. AND JANSEN, K.U. (2002). A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med 347 (21), 1645-1651.
93. KOUTSKY, L.A. AND HARPER, D.M. (2006). Chapter 13: Current findings from prophylactic HPV vaccine trials. Vaccine. 24 Suppl 3 S114-21. Epub 2006 Jun 23.
94. KUHNE, C. AND BANKS, L. (1998). E3-ubiquitin ligase/E6-AP links multicopy maintenance protein 7 to the ubiquitination pathway by a novel motif, the L2G box. J Biol Chem 273 (51), 34302-34309.
95. LEE, D., KIM, H.Z., JEONG, K.W., SHIM, Y.S., HORIKAWA, I., BARRETT, J.C. AND CHOE, J. (2002). Human papillomavirus E2 down-regulates the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter. J Biol Chem 277 (31), 27748-27756.
96. Lehtinen, M., Leminen, A., Kuoppala, T., Tiikkainen, M., Lehtinen, T., Lehtovirta, P., Punnonen, R., Vesterinen, E. and Paavonen, J.(1992). Pre- and posttreatment serum antibody responses to HPV 16 E2 and HSV 2 ICP8 proteins in women with cervical carcinoma. J Med Virol 37 (3), 180-186.
97. LI, S., LABRECQUE, S., GAUZZI, M.C., CUDDIHY, A.R., WONG, A.H., PELLEGRINI, S., MATLASHEWSKI, G.J. AND KOROMILAS, A.E. (1999). The human papilloma virus (HPV)-18 E6 oncoprotein physically associates with Tyk2 and impairs Jak-STAT activation by interferon-alpha. Oncogene 18 (42), 5727-5737.
98. LIN, C.W., LEE, J.Y., TSAO, Y.P., SHEN, C.P., LAI, H.C. AND CHEN, S.L. (2002). Oral vaccination with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing human papillomavirus type 16 E7 can cause tumor growth in mice to regress. Int J Cancer 102 (6), 629-637.
99. MALANCHI, I., CALDEIRA, S., KRUTZFELDT, M., GIARRE, M., ALUNNI-FABBRONI, M. AND TOMMASINO, M. (2002). Identification of a novel activity of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein in deregulating the G1/S transition. Oncogene 21 (37), 5665-5672.
100. MANDELBLATT, J.S., LAWRENCE, W.F., GAFFIKIN, L., LIMPAHAYOM, K.K., LUMBIGANON, P., WARAKAMIN, S., KING, J., YI, B., RINGERS, P. AND BLUMENTHAL, P.D. (2002). Costs and benefits of different strategies to screen for cervical cancer in less-developed countries. J Natl Cancer Inst 94 (19), 1469-1483.
101. MANN, V.M., DE LAO, S.L., BRENES, M., BRINTON, L.A., RAWLS, J.A., GREEN, M., REEVES, W.C. AND RAWLS, W.E. (1990). Occurrence of IgA and IgG antibodies to select peptides representing human papillomavirus type 16 among cervical cancer cases and controls. Cancer Res 50 (24), 7815-7819.
102. MARTINELLI, C., FARESE, A., MISTRO, A.D., GIORGINI, S. AND RUFFINO, I. (2001). Resolution of recurrent perianal condylomata acuminata by topical cidofovir in patients with HIV infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15 (6), 568-569.
103. MATLASHEWSKI, G., SCHNEIDER, J., BANKS, L., JONES, N., MURRAY, A. AND CRAWFORD, L. (1987). Human papillomavirus type 16 DNA cooperates with activated ras in transforming primary cells. Embo J 6 (6), 1741-1746.
104. MENZO, S., MONACHETTI, A., TROZZI, C., CIAVATTINI, A., CARLONI, G., VARALDO, P.E. AND CLEMENTI, M. (2001). Identification of six putative novel human papillomaviruses (HPV) and characterization of candidate HPV type 87. J Virol 75 (23), 11913-11919.
105. MEYER, T., ARNDT, R., NINDL, I., ULRICH, C., CHRISTOPHERS, E. AND STOCKFLETH, E. (2003). Association of human papillomavirus infections with cutaneous tumors in immunosuppressed patients. Transpl Int 16 (3), 146-153.
106. MOLANO M., POSSO H., WEIDERPASS E., VAN DEN BRULE AJ., RONDEROS M., FRANCESCHI S., MEIJER C.J., ARSLAN A., MUNOZ N. HPV Study Group HPV Study. (2002) Prevalence and determinants of HPV infection among Colombian women with normal cytology. Br J Cancer 29, 87(3), 324-333.
107. MONNIER-BENOIT, S., DALSTEIN, V., RIETHMULLER, D., LALAOUI, N., MOUGIN, C. AND PRETET, J.L. (2006). Dynamics of HPV16 DNA load reflect the natural history of cervical HPV-associated lesions. J Clin Virol. 35 (3), 270-7. Epub 2005 Oct 7.
108. MORK, J., LIE, A.K., GLATTRE, E., HALLMANS, G., JELLUM, E., KOSKELA, P., MOLLER, B., PUKKALA, E., SCHILLER, J.T., YOUNGMAN, L., ET AL. (2001). Human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for squamouscell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med 344 (15), 1125-1131.
109. MUNGER, K. AND HOWLEY, P.M. (2002). Human papillomavirus immortalization and transformation functions. Virus Res 89 (2), 213-228.
110. MUNOZ, N., BOSCH, F.X., DE SANJOSE, S., HERRERO, R., CASTELLSAGUE, X., SHAH, K.V., SNIJDERS, P.J. AND MEIJER, C.J. (2003). Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 348 (6), 518-527.
111. NAGPAL, J.K., PATNAIK, S. AND DAS, B.R. (2002). Prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus types and its association with P53 codon 72 polymorphism in tobacco addicted oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients of Eastern India. Int J Cancer 97 (5), 649-653.
112. NAKAHARA, T., NISHIMURA, A., TANAKA, M., UENO, T., ISHIMOTO, A. AND SAKAI, H. (2002). Modulation of the cell division cycle by human papillomavirus type 18 E4. J Virol 76 (21), 10914-10920.
113. NARDELLI-HAEFLIGER, D., RODEN, R., BALMELLI, C., POTTS, A., SCHILLER, J. AND DE GRANDI, P. (1999). Mucosal but not parenteral immunization with purified human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles induces neutralizing titers of antibodies throughout the estrous cycle of mice. J Virol 73 (11), 9609-9613.
114. NEES, M., GEOGHEGAN, J.M., HYMAN, T., FRANK, S., MILLER, L. AND WOODWORTH, C.D. (2001). Papillomavirus type 16 oncogenes downregulate expression of interferon-responsive genes and upregulate proliferation-associated and NF-kappaB-responsive genes in cervical keratinocytes. J Virol 75 (9), 4283-4296.
115. NGUYEN, M., SONG, S., LIEM, A., ANDROPHY, E., LIU, Y. AND LAMBERT, P.F. (2002). A mutant of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 deficient in binding alphahelix partners displays reduced oncogenic potential in vivo. J Virol 76 (24), 13039-13048.
116. NOEL, J.C., DETREMMERIE, O., PENY, M.O., CANDAELE, M., VERHEST, A., HEENEN, M. AND DE DOBBELEER, G. (1994). Transformation of common warts into squamous cell carcinoma on sun-exposed areas in an immunosuppressed patient. Dermatology 189 (3), 308-311.
117. ODA, H., KUMAR, S. AND HOWLEY, P.M. (1999). Regulation of the Src family tyrosine kinase Blk through E6AP-mediated ubiquitination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 (17), 9557-9562.
118. OKAMOTO, A., WOODWORTH, C.D., YEN, K., CHUNG, J., ISONISHI, S., NIKAIDO, T., KIYOKAWA, T., SEO, H., KITAHARA, Y., OCHIAI, K., ET AL. (1999). Combination therapy with podophyllin and vidarabine for human papillomavirus positive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Oncol Rep 6 (2), 269-276.
119. ONG, C.K., CHAN, S.Y., CAMPO, M.S., FUJINAGA, K., MAVROMARA-NAZOS, P., LABROPOULOU, V., PFISTER, H., TAY, S.K., TER MEULEN, J., VILLA, L.L., ET AL. (1993). Evolution of human papillomavirus type 18: an ancient phylogenetic root in Africa and intratype diversity reflect coevolution with human ethnic groups. J Virol 67 (11), 6424-6431.
120. ORENGO, I., ROSEN, T. AND GUILL, C.K. (2002). Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis with 5% imiquimod cream: a case report. J Am Acad Dermatol 47 (4 Suppl), S225-S228.