Hypolipidemic effects of silymarin are not mediated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Xenobiotica

Volumn 37, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 725-735

  Orolin, J ^a   Vecera R ^a   Jung, D ^b   Meyer, U A ^b   Skottova N ^a   Anzenbacher, P ^a  

^a PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Cholesterol; Cytochrome P4504A; PPAR ; Silymarin

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; CYTOCHROME P450 4A; FENOFIBRATE; MESSENGER RNA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; SILYMARIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHOLESTEROL DIET; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE TARGETING; HYPOLIPEMIA; LIPID ANALYSIS; MALE; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RAT; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

ANIMALS; ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; GENE EXPRESSION; MALE; PPAR ALPHA; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; SILYMARIN;

RATTUS;

EID: 34447301774     PISSN: 00498254     EISSN: 13665928     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00498250701463333     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Basaga H, Poli G, Tekkaya C, Aras I. 1997. Free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties of 'silibin' complexes on microsomal lipid peroxidation. Cell Biochemistry and Function 15:27-33.
2. Bordji K, Grillasca J-P, Gouze J-N, Magdalou J, Schohn H, Keller JM, Bianchi A, Dauţa M, Netter P, Terlain B. 2000. Evidence for the presence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ and retinoid Z receptor in cartilage. PPARgamma activation modulates the effects of interleukin-1beta on rat chondrocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:12243-12250.
3. Desvergne B, Wahli W. 1999. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Nuclear control of metabolism. Endocrine Reviews 20:649-688.
4. Desvergne B, Michalik L, Wahli W. 2006. Transcriptional regulation of metabolism. Physiological Reviews 86:465-514.
5. Frederiksen KS, Wulf EM, Wassermann K, Sauerberg P, Fleckner J. 2003. Identification of hepatic transcriptional changes in insulin-resistant rats treated with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha agonists. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 30:317-329.
6. Gustafsson J-A. 1998. Fatty acids in control of gene expression. Nutrition Reviews 56:20-21.
7. Havel RJ, Eder HA, Bragdon JH. 1955. The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum. Journal of Clinical Investigation 34:1345-1353.
8. Haubenwallner S, Essenburg AD, Barnett BC, Pape ME, DeMattos RB, Krause BR, Minton LL, Auerbach BJ, Newton RS, Leff T, et al. 1995. Hypolipidemic activity of select fibrates correlates to changes in hepatic apolipoprotein C-III expression: A potential physiologic basis for their mode of action. Journal of Lipid Research 36:2541-2551.
9. Haug A, Hostmark AT. 1987. Lipoprotein lipases, lipoproteins and tissue lipids in rats fed fish oil or coconut oil. Journal of Nutrition 117:1011-1017.
10. Hunt MC, Yang YZ, Eggertsen G, Carneheim CM, Gåfvels M, Einarsson C, Alexson SEH. 2000. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARa) regulates bile acid biosynthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:28947-28953.
11. Johnson EF, Palmer CNA, Griffin KJ, Hsu M-H. 1996. Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in cytochrome P450 4A gene regulation. The FASEB Journal 10:1241-1248.
12. Krečman V, Škottová N, Walterová D, Ulrichová J, Šimánek V. 1998. Silymarin inhibits the development of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Planta Medica 64:138-142.
13. Latruffe N, Cherkaoui Malki M, Nicolas-Frances V, Clemencet MC, Jannin B, Berlot JP. 2000. Regulation of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation-dependent pathway by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and kinases. Biochemical Pharmacology 60:1027-1032.
14. Lemberger T, Saladin R, Vazquez M, Assimacopoulos F, Staels B, Desvergne B, Wahli W, Auwerx J. 1996. Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene is stimulated by stress and follows a diurnal rhythm. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271:1764-1769.
15. Lichtenstein AH, Kennedy E, Barrier P, Danford D, Ernst ND, Grundy SM, et al. 1998. Dietary fat consumption and health. Nutrition Reviews 56:3-19.
16. Liu CH, Huang MT, Huang PC. 1995. Sources of triacylglycerol accumulation in livers of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet. Lipids 30:527-531.
17. Mandard S, Muller M, Kersten S. 2004. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 61:393-416.
18. Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E. 1995. Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus). Fitoterapia 66:3-42.
19. Muerhoff AS, Griffin KJ, Johnson EF. 1992. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates the induction of CYP4A6, a cytochrome P450 fatty acid omega-hydroxylase, by clofibric acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267:19051-19053.
20. Schoonjans K, Staels B, Auwerx J. 1996. Role of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) in mediating effects of fibrates and fatty acids on gene expression. Journal of Lipid Research 37:907-925.
21. Šimánek V, Škottová N, Bartek J, Psotová J, Kosina P, Balejová L, Ulrichová J. 2001. Extract from Silybum marianum as nutraceutical: A double blind placebo-controlled study in healthy young men. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19:106-110.
22. Škottová N, Krečman V. 1998. Dietary silymarin improves removal of low density lipoproteins by the perfused rat liver. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultatis Medicinae 141:39-40.
23. Škottová N, Krečman V, Váňa P, Chmela Z, Ulrichová J, Šimánek V. 2000. Effect of silymarin and silibinin-phosphatidylcholine complex on plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol, and oxidation of LDL in rats fed on high cholesterol diet supplemented with currant oil. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultatis Medicinae 144:55-58.
24. Škottová N, Večeřa R, Urbánek K, Váňa P, Walterová D, Cvak L. 2003. Effects of polyphenolic fraction of silymarin on lipoprotein profile in rats fed cholesterol-rich diets. Pharmacological Research 47:17-26.
25. Sobolová L, Škottová N, Večeřa R, Urbánek K. 2006. Effect of silymarin and its polyphenolic fraction on cholesterol absorbtion in rats. Pharmacological Research 53:104-112.
26. Sørensen HN, Hvattum E, Paulssen EJ, Gautvik KM, Bremer J, Spydevold O. 1993. Induction of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase by 3-thia fatty acid, in hepatoma cells and hepatocytes in culture is modified by dexamethasone and insulin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1171:263-271.
27. Sterchele PF, Sun H, Peterson RE, Vanden Heuvel JP. 1996. Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha mRNA in rat liver. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 326:281-289.
28. Sumanasekera WK, Tien ES, Turpey R, Vanden Heuvel JP, Perdew GH. 2003. Evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is complexed with the 90-kDa heat shock protein and the hepatitis virus B X-associated protein 2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278:4467-4473.
29. Tirona RG, Kim RB. 2005. Nuclear receptors and drug disposition gene regulation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 94:1169-1186.
30. Valenzuela A, Garrido A. 1994. Biochemical bases of the pharmacological action of the flavonoid silymarin and its structural isomer silibinin. Biological Research 27:105-112.
31. van Raalte DH, Li M, Pritchard PH, Wasan KM. 2004. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha: A pharmacological target with a promising future. Pharmaceutical Research 21:1531-1538.
32. Watts GF, Dimmitt SB. 1999. Fibrates, dyslipoproteinaemia and cardiovascular disease. Current Opinion in Lipidology 10:561-574.
33. Xu HE, Lambert MH, Montana VG, Plunket KD, Moore LB, Collins JL, Oplinger JA, Kliewer SA, Gampe RT Jr, McKee DD, et al. 2001. Structural determinants of ligand binding selectivity between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98:13919-13924.