메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 949-959

Cryptococcus neoformans mates on pigeon guano: Implications for the realized ecological niche and globalization

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENT; FECES; FUNGAL GENE; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; PIGEONS AND DOVES; PIGMENTATION;

EID: 34250847645     PISSN: 15359778     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/EC.00097-07     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (147)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0017840135 scopus 로고
    • Study of the role of pigeons in the dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans in nature
    • Abou-Gabal, M., and M. Atia. 1978. Study of the role of pigeons in the dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans in nature. Sabouraudia 16:63-68.
    • (1978) Sabouraudia , vol.16 , pp. 63-68
    • Abou-Gabal, M.1    Atia, M.2
  • 2
    • 0013565555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasion of protozoa by Legionella pneumophila and its role in bacterial ecology and pathogenesis
    • Abu Kwaik, Y., L. Y. Gao, B. J. Stone, C. Venkataraman, and O. S. Harb. 1998. Invasion of protozoa by Legionella pneumophila and its role in bacterial ecology and pathogenesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:3127-3133.
    • (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 3127-3133
    • Abu Kwaik, Y.1    Gao, L.Y.2    Stone, B.J.3    Venkataraman, C.4    Harb, O.S.5
  • 3
    • 0001589311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction in the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis upon attachment and invasion by Legionella micdadei
    • Abu Kwaik, Y., C. Venkataraman, O. S. Harb, and L. Y. Gao. 1998. Signal transduction in the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis upon attachment and invasion by Legionella micdadei. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3134-3139.
    • (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 3134-3139
    • Abu Kwaik, Y.1    Venkataraman, C.2    Harb, O.S.3    Gao, L.Y.4
  • 4
    • 11144276482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein Aca1 regulates virulence and differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans via the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A cascade
    • Bahn, Y. S., J. K. Hicks, S. S. Giles, G. M. Cox, and J. Heitman. 2004. Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein Aca1 regulates virulence and differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans via the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A cascade. Eukaryot. Cell 3:1476-1491.
    • (2004) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.3 , pp. 1476-1491
    • Bahn, Y.S.1    Hicks, J.K.2    Giles, S.S.3    Cox, G.M.4    Heitman, J.5
  • 6
    • 0022745950 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in the aviaries of the Antwerp Zoological Gardens
    • Bauwens, L., D. Swinne, C. De Vroey, and W. De Meurichy. 1986. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in the aviaries of the Antwerp Zoological Gardens. Mykosen 29:291-294.
    • (1986) Mykosen , vol.29 , pp. 291-294
    • Bauwens, L.1    Swinne, D.2    De Vroey, C.3    De Meurichy, W.4
  • 7
    • 4344595582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans in Antwerp Zoo's nocturnal house
    • Bauwens, L., F. Vercammen, C. Wuytack, K. Van Looveren, and D. Swinne. 2004. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans in Antwerp Zoo's nocturnal house. Mycoses 47:292-296.
    • (2004) Mycoses , vol.47 , pp. 292-296
    • Bauwens, L.1    Vercammen, F.2    Wuytack, C.3    Van Looveren, K.4    Swinne, D.5
  • 8
    • 0016404764 scopus 로고
    • Experimental infection of pigeons and chickens with Cryptococcus neoformans and further epidemiologic studies
    • Bohm, K. H., G. Trautwein, E. Weiland, and I. S. Abdallah. 1974. Experimental infection of pigeons and chickens with Cryptococcus neoformans and further epidemiologic studies. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 54:317-328.
    • (1974) Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl , vol.54 , pp. 317-328
    • Bohm, K.H.1    Trautwein, G.2    Weiland, E.3    Abdallah, I.S.4
  • 10
    • 23844476057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus gattii from Australia that retain sexual fecundity
    • Campbell, L. T., J. A. Fraser, C. B. Nichols, F. S. Dietrich, D. A. Carter, and J. Heitman. 2005. Clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus gattii from Australia that retain sexual fecundity. Eukaryot. Cell 4:1410-1419.
    • (2005) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 1410-1419
    • Campbell, L.T.1    Fraser, J.A.2    Nichols, C.B.3    Dietrich, F.S.4    Carter, D.A.5    Heitman, J.6
  • 12
    • 0029278776 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of canary droppings as an important reservoir of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Criseo, G., M. S. Bolignano, F. De Leo, and F. Staib. 1995. Evidence of canary droppings as an important reservoir of Cryptococcus neoformans. Zentbl. Bakteriol. 282:244-254.
    • (1995) Zentbl. Bakteriol , vol.282 , pp. 244-254
    • Criseo, G.1    Bolignano, M.S.2    De Leo, F.3    Staib, F.4
  • 13
    • 0025175621 scopus 로고
    • Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Ellis, D. H., and T. J. Pfeiffer. 1990. Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Lancet 336:923-925.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 923-925
    • Ellis, D.H.1    Pfeiffer, T.J.2
  • 14
    • 0025336110 scopus 로고
    • Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii
    • Ellis, D. H., and T. J. Pfeiffer. 1990. Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1642-1644.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.28 , pp. 1642-1644
    • Ellis, D.H.1    Pfeiffer, T.J.2
  • 17
    • 0033966917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic clones versus environmentally driven population increase: Analysis of an epidemic of the human fungal pathogen Coccidioides immitis
    • Fisher, M. C., G. L. Koenig, T. J. White, and J. W. Taylor. 2000. Pathogenic clones versus environmentally driven population increase: analysis of an epidemic of the human fungal pathogen Coccidioides immitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:807-813.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 807-813
    • Fisher, M.C.1    Koenig, G.L.2    White, T.J.3    Taylor, J.W.4
  • 18
    • 0037173005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease surveillance in recombining pathogens: Multilocus genotypes identify sources of human Coccidioides infections
    • Fisher, M. C., B. Rannala, V. Chaturvedi, and J. W. Taylor. 2002. Disease surveillance in recombining pathogens: multilocus genotypes identify sources of human Coccidioides infections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:9067-9071.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 9067-9071
    • Fisher, M.C.1    Rannala, B.2    Chaturvedi, V.3    Taylor, J.W.4
  • 19
    • 0027192868 scopus 로고
    • Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans
    • Fonzi, W. A., and M. Y. Irwin. 1993. Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans. Genetics 134:717-728.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.134 , pp. 717-728
    • Fonzi, W.A.1    Irwin, M.Y.2
  • 21
    • 0142216112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recapitulation of the sexual cycle of the primary fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii: Implications for an outbreak on Vancouver Island, Canada
    • Fraser, J. A., R. L. Subaran, C. B. Nichols, and J. Heitman. 2003. Recapitulation of the sexual cycle of the primary fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii: implications for an outbreak on Vancouver Island, Canada. Eukaryot. Cell 2:1036-1045.
    • (2003) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.2 , pp. 1036-1045
    • Fraser, J.A.1    Subaran, R.L.2    Nichols, C.B.3    Heitman, J.4
  • 22
    • 0024717826 scopus 로고
    • Presence of pathogenic yeasts in the feces of the semi-domesticated pigeon (Columba livia, Gmelin 1789, urban type) from the city of Turin
    • Gallo, M. G., P. Cabeli, and V. Vidotto. 1989. Presence of pathogenic yeasts in the feces of the semi-domesticated pigeon (Columba livia, Gmelin 1789, urban type) from the city of Turin. Parasitologia 31:207-212.
    • (1989) Parasitologia , vol.31 , pp. 207-212
    • Gallo, M.G.1    Cabeli, P.2    Vidotto, V.3
  • 23
    • 0003917644 scopus 로고
    • The coming plague: Newly emerging diseases in a world out of balance
    • New York, NY
    • Garrett, L. 1994. The coming plague: newly emerging diseases in a world out of balance. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, New York, NY.
    • (1994) Farrar, Straus, and Giroux
    • Garrett, L.1
  • 24
    • 4344662890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, serotypes and mating patterns of Cryptococcus neoformans in the pellets of different avifauna in Madras, India
    • Gokulshankar, S., S. Ranganathan, M. S. Ranjith, and A. J. Ranjithsingh. 2004. Prevalence, serotypes and mating patterns of Cryptococcus neoformans in the pellets of different avifauna in Madras, India. Mycoses 47:310-314.
    • (2004) Mycoses , vol.47 , pp. 310-314
    • Gokulshankar, S.1    Ranganathan, S.2    Ranjith, M.S.3    Ranjithsingh, A.J.4
  • 25
    • 84907128696 scopus 로고
    • The use of tissue cultures in the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from Colombian bats
    • Grose, E., C. J. Marinkelle, and C. Streigel. 1968. The use of tissue cultures in the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from Colombian bats. Sabouraudia 6:127-132.
    • (1968) Sabouraudia , vol.6 , pp. 127-132
    • Grose, E.1    Marinkelle, C.J.2    Streigel, C.3
  • 26
    • 0015299448 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans in Delhi Zoological Park and its recovery from the sputum of an employee
    • Gugnani, H. C., N. P. Gupta, and J. B. Shrivastav. 1972. Prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans in Delhi Zoological Park and its recovery from the sputum of an employee. Indian J. Med. Res. 60:182-185.
    • (1972) Indian J. Med. Res , vol.60 , pp. 182-185
    • Gugnani, H.C.1    Gupta, N.P.2    Shrivastav, J.B.3
  • 27
    • 1942441580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health hazards posed by feral pigeons
    • Haag-Wackernagel, D., and H. Moch. 2004. Health hazards posed by feral pigeons. J. Infect. 48:307-313.
    • (2004) J. Infect , vol.48 , pp. 307-313
    • Haag-Wackernagel, D.1    Moch, H.2
  • 28
    • 4544251213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans infections at Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre (1997-2002): Epidemiology, microbiology and histopathology
    • Hoang, L. M., J. A. Maguire, P. Doyle, M. Fyfe, and D. L. Roscoe. 2004. Cryptococcus neoformans infections at Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre (1997-2002): epidemiology, microbiology and histopathology. J. Med. Microbiol. 53:935-940.
    • (2004) J. Med. Microbiol , vol.53 , pp. 935-940
    • Hoang, L.M.1    Maguire, J.A.2    Doyle, P.3    Fyfe, M.4    Roscoe, D.L.5
  • 29
    • 0032445744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of several human and avian isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Hotzel, H., P. Kielstein, R. Blaschke-Hellmessen, J. Wendisch, and W. Bar. 1998. Phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of several human and avian isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycoses 41:389-396.
    • (1998) Mycoses , vol.41 , pp. 389-396
    • Hotzel, H.1    Kielstein, P.2    Blaschke-Hellmessen, R.3    Wendisch, J.4    Bar, W.5
  • 30
    • 0016693244 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in a pigeon habitat
    • Hubalek, Z. 1975. Distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in a pigeon habitat. Folia Parasitol. (Praha) 22:73-79.
    • (1975) Folia Parasitol. (Praha) , vol.22 , pp. 73-79
    • Hubalek, Z.1
  • 31
    • 0016823196 scopus 로고
    • Growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in UV-irradiated excreta of pigeons
    • Hubalek, Z., and Z. Prikazsky. 1975. Growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in UV-irradiated excreta of pigeons. Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 20:231-235.
    • (1975) Folia Microbiol. (Praha) , vol.20 , pp. 231-235
    • Hubalek, Z.1    Prikazsky, Z.2
  • 34
    • 4143077083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans virulence gene discovery through insertional mutagenesis
    • Idnurm, A., J. L. Reedy, J. C. Nussbaum, and J. Heitman. 2004. Cryptococcus neoformans virulence gene discovery through insertional mutagenesis. Eukaryot. Cell 3:420-429.
    • (2004) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.3 , pp. 420-429
    • Idnurm, A.1    Reedy, J.L.2    Nussbaum, J.C.3    Heitman, J.4
  • 36
    • 0242266646 scopus 로고
    • The isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon nests; with remarks on the identification of virulent cryptococci
    • Kao, C. J., and J. Schwarz. 1957. The isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon nests; with remarks on the identification of virulent cryptococci. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 27:652-663.
    • (1957) Am. J. Clin. Pathol , vol.27 , pp. 652-663
    • Kao, C.J.1    Schwarz, J.2
  • 38
    • 0037256142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and genetic characterization of a serotype A MATa Cryptococcus neoformans isolate
    • Keller, S. M., M. A. Viviani, M. C. Esposto, M. Cogliati, and B. L. Wickes. 2003. Molecular and genetic characterization of a serotype A MATa Cryptococcus neoformans isolate. Microbiology 149:131-142.
    • (2003) Microbiology , vol.149 , pp. 131-142
    • Keller, S.M.1    Viviani, M.A.2    Esposto, M.C.3    Cogliati, M.4    Wickes, B.L.5
  • 39
    • 0017819022 scopus 로고
    • Carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the crops of pigeons
    • Khan, Z. U., M. Pal, H. S. Randhawa, and R. S. Sandhu. 1978. Carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the crops of pigeons. J. Med. Microbiol. 11:215-218.
    • (1978) J. Med. Microbiol , vol.11 , pp. 215-218
    • Khan, Z.U.1    Pal, M.2    Randhawa, H.S.3    Sandhu, R.S.4
  • 40
    • 0031424530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon (Columbia livia) droppings in northern Iran
    • Khosravi, A. R. 1997. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon (Columbia livia) droppings in northern Iran. Mycopathologia 139:93-95.
    • (1997) Mycopathologia , vol.139 , pp. 93-95
    • Khosravi, A.R.1
  • 41
    • 33947208882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of environmental sources of the human and animal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and Pacific Northwest of the United States
    • Kidd, S. E., Y. Chow, S. Mak, P. J. Bach, H. Chen, A. O. Hingston, J. W. Kronstad, and K. H. Bartlett. 2007. Characterization of environmental sources of the human and animal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and Pacific Northwest of the United States. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1433-1443.
    • (2007) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.73 , pp. 1433-1443
    • Kidd, S.E.1    Chow, Y.2    Mak, S.3    Bach, P.J.4    Chen, H.5    Hingston, A.O.6    Kronstad, J.W.7    Bartlett, K.H.8
  • 43
    • 0016577223 scopus 로고
    • A new genus, Filobasidiella, the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Kwon-Chung, K. J. 1975. A new genus, Filobasidiella, the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycologia 67:1197-1200.
    • (1975) Mycologia , vol.67 , pp. 1197-1200
    • Kwon-Chung, K.J.1
  • 44
    • 0016975799 scopus 로고
    • A new species of Filobasidiella, the sexual state of Cryptococcus neoformans B and C serotypes
    • Kwon-Chung, K. J. 1976. A new species of Filobasidiella, the sexual state of Cryptococcus neoformans B and C serotypes. Mycologia 68:943-946.
    • (1976) Mycologia , vol.68 , pp. 943-946
    • Kwon-Chung, K.J.1
  • 45
    • 0026334016 scopus 로고
    • Genetic association of mating types and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Kwon-Chung, K. J., J. C. Edman, and B. L. Wickes. 1992. Genetic association of mating types and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 60:602-605.
    • (1992) Infect. Immun , vol.60 , pp. 602-605
    • Kwon-Chung, K.J.1    Edman, J.C.2    Wickes, B.L.3
  • 46
    • 26944438312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlamydospore formation during hyphal growth in Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Lin, X., and J. Heitman. 2005. Chlamydospore formation during hyphal growth in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot. Cell 4:1746-1754.
    • (2005) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 1746-1754
    • Lin, X.1    Heitman, J.2
  • 47
    • 17844369955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Lin, X., C. M. Hull, and J. Heitman. 2005. Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans. Nature 434: 1017-1021.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 1017-1021
    • Lin, X.1    Hull, C.M.2    Heitman, J.3
  • 48
    • 0014414196 scopus 로고
    • Relation of the pigeon to cryptococcosis: Natural carrier state, heat resistance and survival of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Littman, M. L., and R. Borok. 1968. Relation of the pigeon to cryptococcosis: natural carrier state, heat resistance and survival of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 35:329-345.
    • (1968) Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl , vol.35 , pp. 329-345
    • Littman, M.L.1    Borok, R.2
  • 49
    • 13844253695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of environmental and clinical populations of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Litvintseva, A. P., L. Kestenbaum, R. Vilgalys, and T. G. Mitchell. 2005. Comparative analysis of environmental and clinical populations of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:556-564.
    • (2005) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 556-564
    • Litvintseva, A.P.1    Kestenbaum, L.2    Vilgalys, R.3    Mitchell, T.G.4
  • 50
    • 0347064089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of sexual recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Litvintseva, A. P., R. E. Marra, K. Nielsen, J. Heitman, R. Vilgalys, and T. G. Mitchell. 2003. Evidence of sexual recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates in sub-Saharan Africa. Eukaryot. Cell 2:1162-1168.
    • (2003) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.2 , pp. 1162-1168
    • Litvintseva, A.P.1    Marra, R.E.2    Nielsen, K.3    Heitman, J.4    Vilgalys, R.5    Mitchell, T.G.6
  • 51
    • 0028834163 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans from bird droppings, fruits and vegetables in Mexico City
    • Lopez-Martinez, R., and L. R. Castanon-Olivares. 1995. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans from bird droppings, fruits and vegetables in Mexico City. Mycopathologia 129:25-28.
    • (1995) Mycopathologia , vol.129 , pp. 25-28
    • Lopez-Martinez, R.1    Castanon-Olivares, L.R.2
  • 56
    • 13744260680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct stress responses of two functional laccases in Cryptococcus neoformans are revealed in the absence of the thiol-specific antioxidant Tsal
    • Missall, T. A., J. M. Moran, J. A. Corbett, and J. K. Lodge. 2005. Distinct stress responses of two functional laccases in Cryptococcus neoformans are revealed in the absence of the thiol-specific antioxidant Tsal. Eukaryot. Cell 4:202-208.
    • (2005) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 202-208
    • Missall, T.A.1    Moran, J.M.2    Corbett, J.A.3    Lodge, J.K.4
  • 58
    • 0344876472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cavernicolous habitats harbouring Cryptococcus neoformans: Results of a speleological survey in Apulia, Italy, 1999-2000
    • Montagna, M. T., M. P. Santacroce, G. Caggiano, D. Tato, and L. Ajello. 2003. Cavernicolous habitats harbouring Cryptococcus neoformans: results of a speleological survey in Apulia, Italy, 1999-2000. Med. Mycol. 41:451-455.
    • (2003) Med. Mycol , vol.41 , pp. 451-455
    • Montagna, M.T.1    Santacroce, M.P.2    Caggiano, G.3    Tato, D.4    Ajello, L.5
  • 59
    • 0027479079 scopus 로고
    • The alpha-mating type locus of Cryptococcus neoformans contains a peptide pheromone gene
    • Moore, T. D., and J. C. Edman. 1993. The alpha-mating type locus of Cryptococcus neoformans contains a peptide pheromone gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1962-1970.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.13 , pp. 1962-1970
    • Moore, T.D.1    Edman, J.C.2
  • 60
    • 13244251470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors and determinants of disease emergence
    • Morse, S. S. 2004. Factors and determinants of disease emergence. Rev. Sci. Tech. 23:443-451.
    • (2004) Rev. Sci. Tech , vol.23 , pp. 443-451
    • Morse, S.S.1
  • 61
    • 0029171434 scopus 로고
    • Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases
    • Morse, S. S. 1995. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 1:7-15.
    • (1995) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.1 , pp. 7-15
    • Morse, S.S.1
  • 63
    • 0041971075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and α isolates
    • Nielsen, K., G. M. Cox, P. Wang, D. L. Toffaletti, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. 2003. Sexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and α isolates. Infect. Immun. 71:4831-4841.
    • (2003) Infect. Immun , vol.71 , pp. 4831-4841
    • Nielsen, K.1    Cox, G.M.2    Wang, P.3    Toffaletti, D.L.4    Perfect, J.R.5    Heitman, J.6
  • 64
    • 33847636030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and virulence of human pathogenic fungi
    • Nielsen, K., and J. Heitman. 2007. Sex and virulence of human pathogenic fungi. Adv. Genet. 57:143-174.
    • (2007) Adv. Genet , vol.57 , pp. 143-174
    • Nielsen, K.1    Heitman, J.2
  • 65
    • 32544451896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between genetic background and the mating-type locus in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence potential
    • Nielsen, K., R. E. Marra, F. Hagen, T. Boekhout, T. G. Mitchell, G. M. Cox, and J. Heitman. 2005. Interaction between genetic background and the mating-type locus in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence potential. Genetics 171:975-983.
    • (2005) Genetics , vol.171 , pp. 975-983
    • Nielsen, K.1    Marra, R.E.2    Hagen, F.3    Boekhout, T.4    Mitchell, T.G.5    Cox, G.M.6    Heitman, J.7
  • 66
    • 0032851212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that Cryptococcus neoformans is melanized in pigeon excreta: Implications for pathogenesis
    • Nosanchuk. J. D., J. Rudolph, A. L. Rosas, and A. Casadevall. 1999. Evidence that Cryptococcus neoformans is melanized in pigeon excreta: implications for pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 67:5477-5479.
    • (1999) Infect. Immun , vol.67 , pp. 5477-5479
    • Nosanchuk, J.D.1    Rudolph, J.2    Rosas, A.L.3    Casadevall, A.4
  • 67
    • 0034142021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of zoonotic transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans from a pet cockatoo to an immunocompromised patient
    • Nosanchuk, J. D., S. Shoham, B. C. Fries, D. S. Shapiro, S. M. Levitz, and A. Casadevall. 2000. Evidence of zoonotic transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans from a pet cockatoo to an immunocompromised patient. Ann. Intern. Med. 132:205-208.
    • (2000) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.132 , pp. 205-208
    • Nosanchuk, J.D.1    Shoham, S.2    Fries, B.C.3    Shapiro, D.S.4    Levitz, S.M.5    Casadevall, A.6
  • 69
    • 33746268515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription factor STE12alpha has distinct roles in morphogenesis, virulence, and ecological fitness of the primary pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus gattii
    • Ren, P., D. J. Springer, M. J. Behr, W. A. Samsonoff, S. Chaturvedi, and V. Chaturvedi. 2006. Transcription factor STE12alpha has distinct roles in morphogenesis, virulence, and ecological fitness of the primary pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus gattii. Eukaryot. Cell 5:1065-1080.
    • (2006) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.5 , pp. 1065-1080
    • Ren, P.1    Springer, D.J.2    Behr, M.J.3    Samsonoff, W.A.4    Chaturvedi, S.5    Chaturvedi, V.6
  • 70
    • 84907130869 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon manure on two media inducing pigment formation
    • Schonheyder, H., and A. Stenderup. 1982. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon manure on two media inducing pigment formation. Sabouraudia 20:193-197.
    • (1982) Sabouraudia , vol.20 , pp. 193-197
    • Schonheyder, H.1    Stenderup, A.2
  • 72
    • 4444371206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotype and PCR-fingerprints of clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans in Chiang Mai, Thailand
    • Sriburee, P., S. Khayhan, C. Khamwan, S. Panjaisee, and P. Tharavichitkul. 2004. Serotype and PCR-fingerprints of clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Mycopathologia 158: 25-31.
    • (2004) Mycopathologia , vol.158 , pp. 25-31
    • Sriburee, P.1    Khayhan, S.2    Khamwan, C.3    Panjaisee, S.4    Tharavichitkul, P.5
  • 73
    • 0019434107 scopus 로고
    • The perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans, on pigeon manure filtrate agar
    • Staib, F. 1981. The perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans, on pigeon manure filtrate agar. Zentbl. Bakteriol. A 248:575-578.
    • (1981) Zentbl. Bakteriol. A , vol.248 , pp. 575-578
    • Staib, F.1
  • 74
    • 0020418710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staib, F., and A. Blisse. 1982. Bird manure filtrate agar for the formation of the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans. A comparative study of the agars prepared from pigeon and canary manure. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. Ser. A 251:554-562.
    • Staib, F., and A. Blisse. 1982. Bird manure filtrate agar for the formation of the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans. A comparative study of the agars prepared from pigeon and canary manure. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. Ser. A 251:554-562.
  • 78
    • 0011932389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenicity of basidiospores of Filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans
    • Sukroongreung, S., K. Kitiniyom, C. Nilakul, and S. Tantimavanich. 1998. Pathogenicity of basidiospores of Filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans. Med. Mycol. 36:419-424.
    • (1998) Med. Mycol , vol.36 , pp. 419-424
    • Sukroongreung, S.1    Kitiniyom, K.2    Nilakul, C.3    Tantimavanich, S.4
  • 79
    • 0024363441 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from houses of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis patients in Bujumbura (Burundi)
    • Swinne, D., M. Deppner, R. Laroche, J. J. Floch, and P. Kadende. 1989. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from houses of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis patients in Bujumbura (Burundi). AIDS 3:389-390.
    • (1989) AIDS , vol.3 , pp. 389-390
    • Swinne, D.1    Deppner, M.2    Laroche, R.3    Floch, J.J.4    Kadende, P.5
  • 80
    • 0017099229 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans in the crops of pigeons following its experimental administration
    • Swinne-Desgain, D. 1976. Cryptococcus neoformans in the crops of pigeons following its experimental administration. Sabouraudia 14:313-317.
    • (1976) Sabouraudia , vol.14 , pp. 313-317
    • Swinne-Desgain, D.1
  • 81
    • 31344482504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1918 influenza: The mother of all pandemics
    • Taubenberger, J. K., and D. M. Morens. 2006.1918 influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12:15-22.
    • (2006) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.12 , pp. 15-22
    • Taubenberger, J.K.1    Morens, D.M.2
  • 83
    • 12344310977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up of epidemiological data of cryptococcosis in Austria, Germany and Switzerland with special focus on the characterization of clinical isolates
    • Tintelnot, K., K. Lemmer, H. Losert, G. Schar, and A. Polak. 2004. Follow-up of epidemiological data of cryptococcosis in Austria, Germany and Switzerland with special focus on the characterization of clinical isolates. Mycoses 47:455-464.
    • (2004) Mycoses , vol.47 , pp. 455-464
    • Tintelnot, K.1    Lemmer, K.2    Losert, H.3    Schar, G.4    Polak, A.5
  • 84
    • 0027467293 scopus 로고
    • Gene transfer in Cryptococcus neoformans by use of biolistic delivery of DNA
    • Toffaletti, D. L., T. H. Rude, S. A. Johnston, D. T. Durack, and J. R. Perfect. 1993. Gene transfer in Cryptococcus neoformans by use of biolistic delivery of DNA. J. Bacteriol. 175:1405-1411.
    • (1993) J. Bacteriol , vol.175 , pp. 1405-1411
    • Toffaletti, D.L.1    Rude, T.H.2    Johnston, S.A.3    Durack, D.T.4    Perfect, J.R.5
  • 85
    • 0014349414 scopus 로고
    • Factors that determine the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in avian excreta
    • Walter, J. E., and R. B. Yee. 1968. Factors that determine the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in avian excreta. Am. J. Epidemiol. 88:445-450.
    • (1968) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.88 , pp. 445-450
    • Walter, J.E.1    Yee, R.B.2
  • 86
    • 23844435604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel gene functions required for melanization of the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Walton, F. J., A. Idnurm, and J. Heitman. 2005. Novel gene functions required for melanization of the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol. Microbiol. 57:1381-1396.
    • (2005) Mol. Microbiol , vol.57 , pp. 1381-1396
    • Walton, F.J.1    Idnurm, A.2    Heitman, J.3
  • 87
    • 0034959767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wang, P., M. E. Cardenas, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. 2001. Two cyclophilin A homologs with shared and distinct functions important for growth and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. EMBO Rep. 2:511-518.
    • Wang, P., M. E. Cardenas, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. 2001. Two cyclophilin A homologs with shared and distinct functions important for growth and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. EMBO Rep. 2:511-518.
  • 88
    • 4143110145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the regulator of G protein signaling Crg1 increases virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Wang, P., J. Cutler, J. King, and D. Palmer. 2004. Mutation of the regulator of G protein signaling Crg1 increases virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot. Cell 3:1028-1035.
    • (2004) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.3 , pp. 1028-1035
    • Wang, P.1    Cutler, J.2    King, J.3    Palmer, D.4
  • 89
    • 0029951165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimorphism and haploid fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans: Association with the alpha-mating type
    • Wickes, B. L., M. E. Mayorga, U. Edman, and J. C. Edman. 1996. Dimorphism and haploid fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans: association with the alpha-mating type. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:7327-7331.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 7327-7331
    • Wickes, B.L.1    Mayorga, M.E.2    Edman, U.3    Edman, J.C.4
  • 90
    • 0033675677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple gene genealogies reveal recent dispersion and hybridization in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Xu, J., R. Vilgalys, and T. G. Mitchell. 2000. Multiple gene genealogies reveal recent dispersion and hybridization in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol. Ecol. 9:1471-1481.
    • (2000) Mol. Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 1471-1481
    • Xu, J.1    Vilgalys, R.2    Mitchell, T.G.3
  • 93
    • 4644240769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of laccase in the biology and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Zhu, X., and P. R. Williamson. 2004. Role of laccase in the biology and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Yeast Res. 5:1-10.
    • (2004) FEMS Yeast Res , vol.5 , pp. 1-10
    • Zhu, X.1    Williamson, P.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.