Pathogenic clones versus environmentally driven population increase: Analysis of an epidemic of the human fungal pathogen Coccidioides immitis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 807-813

  Fisher, Matthew C ^a   Koenig, Gina L ^b   White, Thomas J ^b   Taylor, John W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b ROCHE MOLECULAR SYSTEMS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPIDEMIC; HUMAN; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; MORBIDITY; PERIODICITY; PHYLOGENY; POPULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS;

EID: 0033966917     PISSN: 00951137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.2.807-813.2000     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Archie, J. W. 1989. A randomization test for phylogenetic information in systematic data. Syst. Zool. 38:239-252.
2. Arsura, E., J. Caldwell, R. Johnson, H. Einstein, G. Welch, R. Talbot, and H. Affentranger. 1996. Coccidioidomycosis epidemic of 1991: epidemiologic features, p. 98-107. In H. E. Einstein and A. Catanzaro (ed)., Coccidioidomycosis. National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Washington, D.C.
3. Berger, L., R. Speare, P. Daszak, and D. Green. 1998. Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 9031-9036.
4. Bouma, M. J., and C. Dye. 1997. Cycles of malaria associated with El Nino in Venezuela. JAMA 278:1772-1774.
5. Brasier, C. M., D. E. L. Cooke, and J. M. Duncan. 1999. Origin of a new Phytophthora pathogen through interspecific hybridization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:5878-5883.
6. Brown, A. H. D., M. W. Feldman, and E. Nevo. 1980. Multilocus structure of natural populations of Hordeum spontaneum. Genetics 96:523-536.
7. Brown, J. K. M., and C. G. Simpson. 1994. Genetic analysis of DNA fingerprints and virulences in Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei. Curr. Genet. 26:172-178.
8. Burt, A., D. A. Carter, G. L. Koenig, T. J. White, and J. W. Taylor. 1996. Molecular markers reveal cryptic sex in the human pathogen Coccidioides immitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:770-773.
9. Burt, A., D. A. Carter, G. L. Koenig, T. J. White, and J. W. Taylor. 1995. A safe method of extracting DNA from Coccidioides immitis. Fungal Genet. Newsl. 42:23.
10. Burt, A., B. M. Dechairo, G. L. Koenig, D. A. Carter, T. J. White, and J. W. Taylor. 1997. Molecular markers reveal differentiation among isolates of Coccidioides immitis from California, Arizona and Texas. Mol. Ecol. 6:781-786.
11. California Air Resources Board. 1998. California Air Resources Board, Air Quality Data Review Section, Sacramento.
12. Centers for Disease Control. 1994. Update: coccidioidomycosis - California, 1991-1993. Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 43:421-423.
13. Crow, J. F., and M. Kimura. 1970. An introduction to population genetics. Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, N.Y.
14. De Sousa, A., S. Sanches, M. L. Ferro, M. J. Vaz, and H. De Lancastre. 1998. The intercontinental spread of a drug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2590-2596.
15. Edlin, B. R., J. I. Tokars, M. H. Grieco, J. T. Crawford, J. Williams, and S. D. Holmberg. 1992. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 326:1514-1521.
16. Fisher, M. C., G. L. Koenig, T. J. White, and J. W. Taylor. 1999. Primers for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides immitis. Mol. Ecol. 8:1082-1084.
17. Flynn, N. M., P. D. Hoeprich, and M. M. Kawachi. 1979. An unusual outbreak of wind-borne coccidioidomycosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 301:358-361.
18. Friedman, L., S. E. Smith, W. G. Roessleb, and R. J. Berman. 1956. The virulence and infectivity of twenty-seven strains of Coccidioides immitis. Am. J. Hyg. 64:198-210.
19. Geiser, D. M., J. W. Taylor, K. B. Ritchie, and G. W. Smith. 1998. Cause of sea fan death in the West Indies. Nature 394:137-138.
20. Gentzbittel, L., S. Mouzeyar, S. Badaoui, E. Mesties, F. Vear, D. Tourvieille De Labrouhe, and P. Nicolas. 1998. Cloning of molecular markers for disease resistance in sunflower, Helanthus annuus L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96: 519-525.
21. Jinadu, B. A. 1995. Valley Fever Task Force report on the control of Coccidioides immitis.
22. Karaolis, D. K. R., J. A. Johnson, C. C. Bailey, E. C. Boedeker, J. B. Kaper, and P. R. Reeves. 1998. A Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:3134-3139.
23. Koufopanou, V., A. Burt, and J. W. Taylor. 1998. Concordance of gene genealogies reveals reproductive isolation in the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides immitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:8414.
24. Koufopanou, V., A. Burt, and J. W. Taylor. 1997. Concordance of gene genealogies reveals reproductive isolation in the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides immitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:5478-5482.
25. Longcore, J. E., A. P. Pessier, and D. K. Nichols. 1999. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians. Mycologia 91:219-227.
26. Maynard-Smith, J., N. H. Smith, M. O'Rourke, and B. G. Spratt. 1993. How clonal are bacteria? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:4384-4388.
27. Morell, V. 1999. Are pathogens felling frogs? Science 5415:728-731.
28. National Climatic Data Center. 1998. Vol. I. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C.
29. Orita, M., H. Iwahana, H. Kanazawa, K. Hayashi, and T. Sekiya. 1989. Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-strand conformation polymorphisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2766-2770.
30. Pappagianis, D., and H. Einstein. 1978. Tempest from Tehachapi takes toll or Coccidioides conveyed aloft and afar. West. J. Med. 129:527-530.
31. Rice, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
32. Saubolle, M. A. 1996. Life cycle and epidemiology of Coccidioides immitis, p. 1-9. In H. E. Einstein and A. Catanzaro (ed.). Coccidioidomycosis. National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Washington, D.C.
33. Schneider, E., R. A. Hajjeh, R. A. Spiegel, R. W. Jibson, E. L. Harp, G. A. Marshall, R. A. Gunn, M. M. McNeil, R. W. Pinner, R. C. Baron, R. C. Burger, L. C. Hutwagner, C. Crump, L. Kaufman, S. E. Reef, G. M. Feldman, D. Pappagianis, and S. B. Werner. 1997. A coccidioidomycosis outbreak following the Northridge, California, earthquake. JAMA 277:904-908.
34. Smith, C. E., R. R. Beard, H. G. Rosenberger, and E. G. Whiting. 1946. Effect of season and dust control on coccidioidomycosis. JAMA 132:833-838.
35. Swatek, F. E., and D. T. Omieczynski. 1967. Coccidioidomycosis. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
36. Taylor, J. W., D. J. Jacobson, and M. C. Fisher. 1999. The evolution of asexual fungi: reproduction, speciation and classification. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 37:197-246.
37. Weir, B. S. 1996. Genetic data analysis II. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Mass.