메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 2002-2021

Rectification of ENSO variability by interdecadal changes in the equatorial background mean state in a CGCM simulation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; OCEANOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL STRATIFICATION;

EID: 34250661751     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI4110.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 16644401934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal changes in the El Nino-La Nina asymmetry
    • doi:10.1029/2004GL021699
    • An, S.-I., 2004: Interdecadal changes in the El Nino-La Nina asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23210, doi:10.1029/2004GL021699.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.31
    • An, S.-I.1
  • 2
    • 0034352695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An eigen analysis of the interdecadal changes in the structure and frequency of ENSO mode
    • An, S.-I., and F.-F. Jin, 2000: An eigen analysis of the interdecadal changes in the structure and frequency of ENSO mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2573-2576.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.27 , pp. 2573-2576
    • An, S.-I.1    Jin, F.-F.2
  • 3
    • 3242741192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinearity and asymmetry of ENSO
    • An, S.-I., and F.-F. Jin, 2004: Nonlinearity and asymmetry of ENSO. J. Climate, 17, 2399-2412.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 2399-2412
    • An, S.-I.1    Jin, F.-F.2
  • 4
    • 26844561586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño-La Niña asymmetry in the coupled model intercomparison project simulations
    • An, S.-I., Y.-G. Ham, J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, and I.-S. Kang, 2005: El Niño-La Niña asymmetry in the coupled model intercomparison project simulations. J. Climate, 18, 2617-2627.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 2617-2627
    • An, S.-I.1    Ham, Y.-G.2    Kug, J.-S.3    Jin, F.-F.4    Kang, I.-S.5
  • 5
    • 0033105005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal interactions between the tropics and midlatitudes in the Pacific basin
    • Barnett, T. P., D. W. Pierce, M. Latif, D. Dommenget, and R. Saravanan, 1999: Interdecadal interactions between the tropics and midlatitudes in the Pacific basin. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 615-618.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.26 , pp. 615-618
    • Barnett, T.P.1    Pierce, D.W.2    Latif, M.3    Dommenget, D.4    Saravanan, R.5
  • 6
    • 0033996258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95. Part I: Methodology
    • Carton, J. A., G. Chepurin, X. Cao, and B. Giese, 2000: A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95. Part I: Methodology. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 294-309.
    • (2000) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.30 , pp. 294-309
    • Carton, J.A.1    Chepurin, G.2    Cao, X.3    Giese, B.4
  • 7
    • 21844458754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of tropical Pacific interannual-to-decadal variability in the ARPEGE/ORCA global coupled model
    • Cibot, C., E. Maisonnave, L. Terray, and B. Dewitte, 2005: Mechanisms of tropical Pacific interannual-to-decadal variability in the ARPEGE/ORCA global coupled model. Climate Dyn., 24, 823-842.
    • (2005) Climate Dyn , vol.24 , pp. 823-842
    • Cibot, C.1    Maisonnave, E.2    Terray, L.3    Dewitte, B.4
  • 8
    • 0028565509 scopus 로고
    • The climate version of ARPEGE/IFS: A contribution to the French community climate modeling
    • Déqué, M., C. Dreveton, A. Braun, and D. Cariolle, 1994: The climate version of ARPEGE/IFS: A contribution to the French community climate modeling. Climate Dyn., 10, 249-266.
    • (1994) Climate Dyn , vol.10 , pp. 249-266
    • Déqué, M.1    Dreveton, C.2    Braun, A.3    Cariolle, D.4
  • 9
    • 0034233003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of an intermediate ocean-atmosphere coupled model of the tropical Pacific to its oceanic vertical structure
    • Dewitte, B., 2000: Sensitivity of an intermediate ocean-atmosphere coupled model of the tropical Pacific to its oceanic vertical structure. J. Climate, 13, 2363-2388.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 2363-2388
    • Dewitte, B.1
  • 10
    • 0030485267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño-La Niña events simulated with Cane and Zebiak's model and observed with satellite or in situ data. Part II: Model forced with observations
    • Dewitte, B., and C. Périgaud, 1996: El Niño-La Niña events simulated with Cane and Zebiak's model and observed with satellite or in situ data. Part II: Model forced with observations. J. Climate, 9, 1188-1207.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1188-1207
    • Dewitte, B.1    Périgaud, C.2
  • 11
    • 0033454035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical structure of an OGCM simulation of the equatorial Pacific Ocean in 1985-94
    • Dewitte, B., G. Reverdin, and C. Maes, 1999: Vertical structure of an OGCM simulation of the equatorial Pacific Ocean in 1985-94. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1542-1570.
    • (1999) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.29 , pp. 1542-1570
    • Dewitte, B.1    Reverdin, G.2    Maes, C.3
  • 12
    • 34147144708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between near-annual and ENSO modes in a CGCM simulation: Role of the equatorial background mean state
    • Dewitte, B., C. Cibot, C. Périgaud, S.-I. An, and L. Terray, 2007: Interaction between near-annual and ENSO modes in a CGCM simulation: Role of the equatorial background mean state. J. Climate, 20, 1035-1052.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 1035-1052
    • Dewitte, B.1    Cibot, C.2    Périgaud, C.3    An, S.-I.4    Terray, L.5
  • 13
    • 0030698049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics
    • Fichefet, T., and M. A. Morales Maqueda, 1997: Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 12 609-12 646.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res , vol.102
    • Fichefet, T.1    Morales Maqueda, M.A.2
  • 14
    • 0029502993 scopus 로고
    • Secular changes of annual and interannual variability in the Tropics during the past century
    • Gu, D., and S. G. H. Philander, 1995: Secular changes of annual and interannual variability in the Tropics during the past century. J. Climate, 8, 864-876.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 864-876
    • Gu, D.1    Philander, S.G.H.2
  • 15
    • 0031037673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal climate fluctuations that depend on exchanges between the tropics and extratropics
    • Gu, D., and S. G. H. Philander, 1997: Interdecadal climate fluctuations that depend on exchanges between the tropics and extratropics. Science, 275, 805-807.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 805-807
    • Gu, D.1    Philander, S.G.H.2
  • 16
    • 0032503976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt shift in subsurface temperatures in the tropical Pacific associated changes in El Niño
    • Guilderson, T. P., and D. P. Schrag, 1998: Abrupt shift in subsurface temperatures in the tropical Pacific associated changes in El Niño. Science, 281, 240-243.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 240-243
    • Guilderson, T.P.1    Schrag, D.P.2
  • 17
    • 0022842610 scopus 로고
    • Unstable and damped equatorial modes in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models
    • Hirst, A. C., 1986: Unstable and damped equatorial modes in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 606-632.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.43 , pp. 606-632
    • Hirst, A.C.1
  • 18
    • 0032216383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variability in ENSO predictability and prediction
    • Kirtman, B. P., and P. S. Schopf, 1998: Decadal variability in ENSO predictability and prediction. J. Climate, 11, 2804-2822.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 2804-2822
    • Kirtman, B.P.1    Schopf, P.S.2
  • 19
    • 0033563598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for generating ENSO decadal variability
    • Kleeman, R., Jr., and B. A. Klinger, 1999: A mechanism for generating ENSO decadal variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1743-1746.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.26 , pp. 1743-1746
    • Kleeman Jr., R.1    Klinger, B.A.2
  • 21
    • 0028519405 scopus 로고
    • Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America
    • Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1994: Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America. Science, 266, 634-637.
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 634-637
    • Latif, M.1    Barnett, T.P.2
  • 22
    • 0030435170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America: Dynamics and predictability
    • Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1996: Decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America: Dynamics and predictability. J. Climate, 9, 2407-2423.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 2407-2423
    • Latif, M.1    Barnett, T.P.2
  • 23
    • 34250631082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levitus, S., and Coauthors, 1998: Introduction. 1, World Ocean Database 1998, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 18, 346 pp.
    • Levitus, S., and Coauthors, 1998: Introduction. Vol. 1, World Ocean Database 1998, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 18, 346 pp.
  • 24
    • 0035167194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like variation with special emphasis on the South Pacific
    • Luo, J.-J., and T. Yamagata, 2001: Long-term El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like variation with special emphasis on the South Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22 211-22 228.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res , vol.106
    • Luo, J.-J.1    Yamagata, T.2
  • 25
    • 1642633368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Pacific origin of the decadal ENSO-like variation as simulated by a coupled GCM
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL018649
    • Luo, J.-J., S. Masson, S. Behera, P. Delecluse, S. Gualdi, A. Navarra, and T. Yamagata, 2003: South Pacific origin of the decadal ENSO-like variation as simulated by a coupled GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2250, doi:10.1029/2003GL018649.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.30 , pp. 2250
    • Luo, J.-J.1    Masson, S.2    Behera, S.3    Delecluse, P.4    Gualdi, S.5    Navarra, A.6    Yamagata, T.7
  • 26
    • 0036275275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pacific decadal oscillation
    • Mantua, N. J., and S. R. Hare, 2002: The Pacific decadal oscillation. J. Oceanogr., 58, 35-44.
    • (2002) J. Oceanogr , vol.58 , pp. 35-44
    • Mantua, N.J.1    Hare, S.R.2
  • 27
    • 0028194021 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between the subtropical and equatorial ocean circulations: The subtropical cell
    • McCreary, J., Jr., and P. Lu, 1994: Interaction between the subtropical and equatorial ocean circulations: The subtropical cell. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 466-497.
    • (1994) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.24 , pp. 466-497
    • McCreary Jr., J.1    Lu, P.2
  • 29
    • 0028570490 scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies
    • Miller, A. J., D. R. Cayan, T. P. Barnett, N. E. Graham, and J. M. Oberhuber, 1994b: Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies. Climate Dyn., 9, 287-302.
    • (1994) Climate Dyn , vol.9 , pp. 287-302
    • Miller, A.J.1    Cayan, D.R.2    Barnett, T.P.3    Graham, N.E.4    Oberhuber, J.M.5
  • 30
    • 18144438190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical structure variability in the equatorial Pacific before and after the Pacific climate shift of the 1970s
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL018829
    • Moon, B.-K., S.-W. Yeh, B. Dewitte, J.-G. Jhun, I.-S. Kang, and B. Kirtman, 2004: Vertical structure variability in the equatorial Pacific before and after the Pacific climate shift of the 1970s. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03203, doi:10.1029/2003GL018829.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.31
    • Moon, B.-K.1    Yeh, S.-W.2    Dewitte, B.3    Jhun, J.-G.4    Kang, I.-S.5    Kirtman, B.6
  • 31
    • 0004138998 scopus 로고
    • MOM 2 documentation user's guide and reference manual, version 1.0
    • 232 pp
    • Pacanowski, R. C., 1995: MOM 2 documentation user's guide and reference manual, version 1.0. GFDL Tech. Rep. 3, 232 pp.
    • (1995) GFDL Tech. Rep , vol.3
    • Pacanowski, R.C.1
  • 32
    • 0020391175 scopus 로고
    • Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño
    • Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
    • (1982) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.110 , pp. 354-384
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1    Carpenter, T.H.2
  • 33
    • 4344643044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical Pacific decadal variability and its relation to decadal modulations of ENSO
    • Rodgers, K. B., P. Friederichs, and M. Latif, 2004: Tropical Pacific decadal variability and its relation to decadal modulations of ENSO. J. Climate, 17, 3761-3774.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 3761-3774
    • Rodgers, K.B.1    Friederichs, P.2    Latif, M.3
  • 34
    • 0033677863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt conservation, free surface, and varying volume: A new formulation for ocean general circulation models
    • Roullet, G., and G. Madec, 2000: Salt conservation, free surface, and varying volume: A new formulation for ocean general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23 927-23 942.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res , vol.105
    • Roullet, G.1    Madec, G.2
  • 35
    • 3242698027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved extended reconstruction of SST (1854-1997)
    • Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds, 2004: Improved extended reconstruction of SST (1854-1997). J. Climate, 17, 2466-2477.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 2466-2477
    • Smith, T.M.1    Reynolds, R.W.2
  • 37
    • 0032761511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting the nonstationary response of ENSO to greenhouse warming
    • Timmermann, A., 1999: Detecting the nonstationary response of ENSO to greenhouse warming. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2313-2325.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.56 , pp. 2313-2325
    • Timmermann, A.1
  • 38
    • 0035874404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes of ENSO stability due to greenhouse warming
    • Timmermann, A., 2001: Changes of ENSO stability due to greenhouse warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2061-2064.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.28 , pp. 2061-2064
    • Timmermann, A.1
  • 39
    • 0037986167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal ENSO amplitude modulations: A nonlinear paradigm
    • Timmermann, A., 2003: Decadal ENSO amplitude modulations: A nonlinear paradigm. Global Planet. Change, 37, 135-156.
    • (2003) Global Planet. Change , vol.37 , pp. 135-156
    • Timmermann, A.1
  • 40
    • 0036195327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonlinear mechanism for decadal El Niño amplitude changes
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL013369
    • Timmermann, A., and F. F. Jin, 2002: A nonlinear mechanism for decadal El Niño amplitude changes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1003, doi:10.1029/2001GL013369.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.29 , pp. 1003
    • Timmermann, A.1    Jin, F.F.2
  • 41
    • 0033594511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming
    • Timmermann, A., M. Latif, A. Bacher, J. Oberhuber, and E. Roeckner, 1999: Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming. Nature, 398, 694-696.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 694-696
    • Timmermann, A.1    Latif, M.2    Bacher, A.3    Oberhuber, J.4    Roeckner, E.5
  • 42
    • 0042321173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonlinear theory for El Niño bursting
    • Timmermann, A., F.-F. Jin, and J. Abshagen, 2003: A nonlinear theory for El Niño bursting. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 152-165.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.60 , pp. 152-165
    • Timmermann, A.1    Jin, F.-F.2    Abshagen, J.3
  • 43
    • 0033172555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal changes in the ENSO-monsoon system
    • Torrence, C., and P. J. Webster, 1999: Interdecadal changes in the ENSO-monsoon system. J. Climate, 12, 2679-2690.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 2679-2690
    • Torrence, C.1    Webster, P.J.2
  • 44
    • 0033399911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of interdecadal variability in sea level pressure, sea surface temperature, and upper ocean temperature over the Pacific Ocean
    • Tourre, Y. M., Y. Kushnir, and W. B. White, 1999: Evolution of interdecadal variability in sea level pressure, sea surface temperature, and upper ocean temperature over the Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1528-1541.
    • (1999) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.29 , pp. 1528-1541
    • Tourre, Y.M.1    Kushnir, Y.2    White, W.B.3
  • 45
    • 21844442165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quasi-decadal and inter-decadal climate fluctuations in the Pacific Ocean from a CGCM
    • doi:10.1029/2004GL022087
    • Tourre, Y. M., C. Cibot, L. Terray, W. B. White, and B. Dewitte, 2005: Quasi-decadal and inter-decadal climate fluctuations in the Pacific Ocean from a CGCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07710, doi:10.1029/2004GL022087.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.32
    • Tourre, Y.M.1    Cibot, C.2    Terray, L.3    White, W.B.4    Dewitte, B.5
  • 46
    • 0031400134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The definition of El Niño
    • Trenberth, K. E., 1997: The definition of El Niño. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2771-2777.
    • (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.78 , pp. 2771-2777
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 47
    • 0028580006 scopus 로고
    • Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific
    • Trenberth, K. E., and J. W. Hurrell, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319.
    • (1994) Climate Dyn , vol.9 , pp. 303-319
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Hurrell, J.W.2
  • 48
    • 0034718838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of tropical Pacific variability by its mean state inferred from a 155-year coral record
    • Urban, F. E., J. E. Cole, and J. T. Overpeck, 2000: Modification of tropical Pacific variability by its mean state inferred from a 155-year coral record. Nature, 407, 989-993.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 989-993
    • Urban, F.E.1    Cole, J.E.2    Overpeck, J.T.3
  • 49
    • 0037079746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacific interannual and interdecadal equatorial variability in a 1000-yr simulation of the CSIRO coupled general circulation model
    • Vimont, D. J., D. S. Battisti, and A. C. Hirst, 2002: Pacific interannual and interdecadal equatorial variability in a 1000-yr simulation of the CSIRO coupled general circulation model. J. Climate, 15, 160-178.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 160-178
    • Vimont, D.J.1    Battisti, D.S.2    Hirst, A.C.3
  • 50
    • 0029412478 scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal changes in El Niño onset in the last four decades
    • Wang, B., 1995: Interdecadal changes in El Niño onset in the last four decades. J. Climate, 8, 267-285.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 267-285
    • Wang, B.1
  • 51
    • 0036193293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for decadal changes of ENSO behavior: Roles of background wind changes
    • Wang, B., and S.-I. An, 2002: A mechanism for decadal changes of ENSO behavior: Roles of background wind changes. Climate Dyn., 18, 475-486.
    • (2002) Climate Dyn , vol.18 , pp. 475-486
    • Wang, B.1    An, S.-I.2
  • 52
    • 1842779642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-winter generation of spiciness on subducted isopycnals
    • Yeager, S. G., and W. G. Large, 2004: Late-winter generation of spiciness on subducted isopycnals. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1528-1547.
    • (2004) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.34 , pp. 1528-1547
    • Yeager, S.G.1    Large, W.G.2
  • 53
    • 12444327263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical Pacific decadal variability and ENSO amplitude modulation in a CGCM
    • doi:10.1029/2004JC002442
    • Yeh, S.-W., and B. P. Kirtman, 2004: Tropical Pacific decadal variability and ENSO amplitude modulation in a CGCM. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C11009, doi:10.1029/2004JC002442.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res , vol.109
    • Yeh, S.-W.1    Kirtman, B.P.2
  • 54
    • 0035878297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The characteristic oscillation induced by coupled processes between oceanic vertical modes and atmospheric modes in the tropical Pacific
    • Yeh, S.-W., B. Dewitte, J.-G. Jhun, and I.-S. Kang, 2001: The characteristic oscillation induced by coupled processes between oceanic vertical modes and atmospheric modes in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2847-2850.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.28 , pp. 2847-2850
    • Yeh, S.-W.1    Dewitte, B.2    Jhun, J.-G.3    Kang, I.-S.4
  • 55
    • 0000335201 scopus 로고
    • A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, 1987: A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2262-2278.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.115 , pp. 2262-2278
    • Zebiak, S.E.1    Cane, M.A.2
  • 56
    • 0030731329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93
    • Zhang, Y., J. M. Wallace, and D. S. Battisti, 1997: ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93. J. Climate, 10, 1004-1020.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1004-1020
    • Zhang, Y.1    Wallace, J.M.2    Battisti, D.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.