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Volumn 281, Issue 5374, 1998, Pages 240-243

Abrupt shift in subsurface temperatures in the tropical Pacific associated with changes in El Nino

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EL NINO; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UPWELLING;

EID: 0032503976     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5374.240     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (222)

References (39)
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    • We examined hydrographic profiles (2°N to 2°S, 85° to 110°W) that are archived in the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) SD2 database. Although there are not enough profiles to create seasonally resolved composite profiles, there is a consistent increase in subsurface salinity and potential temperature after 1976. The salinity increase is not enough to offset the impact of high temperatures on subsurface density. In the conductivity-temperature-depth database, the subsurface warming maxima (1.2°C) is between 40 and 80 dbar and extends to depths >300 dbar. Analysis of all available temperature data [expendable bathythermograph, mechanical bathythermograph, Integrated Global Ocean Station System (IGOSS) radio message bathythermograph, and Nansen casts archived at NODC] shows a similar profile with the subsurface temperature maximum difference of 1.6°C The warming is persistent irrespective of the inclusion of years with strong El Niño events.
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    • note
    • This manuscript benefited greatly from discussions with M. Cane, G. Philander, K. Rodgers, and S. Trumbore. The authors thank M. Kashgarian, J. Southon, and E. Goddard for assistance. Critical comments and reviews were provided by E. Druffel, W. Jenkins, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by a grant from NSF's program in Physical Oceanography (OCE-9796253) and by grants from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (98-ERI-002 and a Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry minigrant). Radiocarbon analyses were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (contract W-7405-Eng-48). Data will be digitally archived at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (Oak Ridge, TN) and the World Data Center A (Boulder, CO).


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