Interdecadal changes in the ENSO-monsoon system

Journal of Climate

Volumn 12, Issue 8 PART 2, 1999, Pages 2679-2690

  Torrence, Christopher ^a   Webster, Peter J ^b  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DECADAL VARIATION; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MONSOON; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

INDIA; PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0033172555     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2679:icitem>2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Allan, R. J., N. Nicholls, P. D. Jones, and I. J. Butterworth, 1991: A further extension of the Tahiti-Darwin SOI, early ENSO events, and Darwin pressure. J. Climate, 4, 743-749.
2. _, J. A. Lindesay, and D. E. Parker, 1996: El Niño Southern Oscillation and Climatic Variability. CSIRO, 408 pp.
3. Cole, J. E., R. G. Fairbanks, and G. T. Shen, 1993: Recent variability in the Southern Oscillation: Isotopic results from a Tarawa atoll coral. Science, 260, 1790-1793.
4. Deser, C., and M. L. Blackmon, 1995: On the relationship between tropical and North Pacific sea surface temperature variations. J. Climate, 8, 1677-1680.
5. Diaz, H. F., and V. Markgraf, Eds., 1992: El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge University Press, 476 pp.
6. Elliott, W. P., and J. K. Angell, 1988: Evidence for changes in Southern Oscillation relationships during the last 100 years. J. Climate, 1, 729-737.
7. Farge, M., 1992: Wavelet transforms and their applications to turbulence. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 24, 395-457.
8. Folland, C. K., D. E. Parker, and F. E. Kates, 1984: Worldwide marine temperature fluctuations 1856-1981. Nature, 310, 670-673.
9. Foufoula-Georgiou, E., and P. Kumar, Eds., 1995: Wavelets in Geophysics. Academic Press, 373 pp.
10. Fu, C.-B., and J. Fletcher, 1988: Large signals of climatic variation over the ocean in the Asian monsoon region. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 5, 389-404.
11. Gu, D., and S. G. H. Philander, 1995: Secular changes of annual and interannual variability in the Tropics during the past century. J. Climate, 8, 864-876.
12. _, and _, 1997: Interdecadal climate fluctuations that depend on exchanges between the Tropics and extratropics. Science, 275, 805-807.
13. Joseph, P. V., J. K. Eischeid, and R. J. Pyle, 1994: Interannual variability of the onset of the Indian summmer monsoon and its association with atmospheric features, El Niño, and sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 7, 81-105.
14. Ju, J., and J. Slingo, 1995: The Asian summer monsoon and ENSO. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1133-1168.
15. Kestin, T. A., D. J. Karoly, J.-I. Yano, and N. A. Rayner, 1998: Time-frequency variability of ENSO and stochastic simulations. J. Climate, 11, 2258-2272.
16. Kiladis, G. N., and H. E Diaz, 1989: Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes in the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 1069-1090.
17. Kirtman, B. P., and P. S. Schopf, 1998: Decadal variability in ENSO predictability and prediction. J. Climate, 11, 2804-2822.
18. 2 sensitivity. J. Climate, 10, 138-161.
19. Kraus, E. B., 1955: Secular changes of tropical rainfall regimes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 81, 198-210.
20. Liu, P. C., 1994: Wavelet spectrum analysis and ocean wind waves. Wavelets in Geophysics, E. Foufoula-Georgiou and P. Kumar, Eds., Academic Press, 151-166.
21. Lorenz, E. N., 1991: Chaos, spontaneous climatic variations and detection of the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse Gas-Induced Climatic Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations, M. E. Schlesinger, Ed., Elsevier, 457-469.
22. Mak, M., 1995: Orthogonal wavelet analysis: Interannual variability in the sea surface temperature. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 2179-2186.
23. Meehl, G. A., 1987: The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 27-50.
24. _, 1997: The South Asian monsoon and the tropospheric biennial oscillation. J. Climate, 10, 1921-1943.
25. Mooley, D. A., and B. Parthasarathy, 1984: Fluctuations in all-India summer monsoon rainfall during 1871-1978. Climate Change, 6, 287-301.
26. Normand, C., 1953: Monsoon seasonal forecasting. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 79, 463-473.
27. Parker, D. E., M. Jackson, and E. B. Horton, 1995: The GISST2.2 sea surface temperature and sea-ice climatology. Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research Tech. Rep. CRTN 63, 35 pp. [Available from Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, U.K. Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SY, United Kingdom.]
28. Parthasarathy, B., K. Rupa Kumar, and A. A. Munot, 1991: Evidence of secular variations in Indian monsoon rainfall-circulation relationships. J. Climate, 4, 927-938.
29. Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
30. Rayner, N. A., E. B. Horton, D. E. Parker, C. K. Folland, and R. B. Hackett, 1996: Version 2.2 of the Global Sea-Ice and Sea Surface Temperature Data Set, 1903-1994. Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research Tech. Rep. CRTN 74, 35 pp. [Available from Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, U.K. Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SY, United Kingdom.]
31. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
32. Ropelewski, C. F., and P. D. Jones, 1987: An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation index. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2161-2165.
33. Shukla, J., 1995: Predictability of the tropical atmosphere, the tropical oceans and TOGA. Proc. Int. Sci. Conf. on the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme, WCRP-91, WMO/TD 717, Vol. 2, Melbourne, Australia, WCRP, 725-730.
34. _, and D. A. Paolino, 1983: The Southern Oscillation and long-range forecasting of the summer monsoon rainfall over India. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1830-1837.
35. Simmonds, I., and P. Hope, 1997: Persistence characteristics of Australian rainfall anomalies. Int. J. Climatol., 17, 597-613.
36. Soman, M. K., and J. Slingo, 1997: Sensitivity of the Asian summer monsoon to aspects of sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 309-336.
37. Torrence, C., and G. P. Compo, 1998: A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 61-78.
38. _, and P. J. Webster, 1998: The annual cycle of persistence in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1985-2004.
39. Trenberth, K. E., 1976: Spatial and temporal variations of the Southern Oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 639-653.
40. _, 1984: Signal versus noise in the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 326-332.
41. _, 1997: The definition of El Niño. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2771-2777.
42. _, and D. J. Shea, 1987: On the evolution of the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 3078-3096.
43. _, and J. W. Hurrell, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319.
44. Troup, A. J., 1965: The "southern oscillation." Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 91, 490-506.
45. Wainer, I., and P. J., Webster, 1996: Monsoon/El Niño-Southern Oscillation relationships in a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 25 599-25 614.
46. Walker, G. T. and E. W. Bliss, 1937: World weather VI. Mem. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 4, 119-139.
47. Wang, B., 1995: Interdecadal changes in El Niño onset in the last four decades. J. Climate, 8, 267-285.
48. _, and Y. Wang, 1996: Temporal structure of the Southern Oscillation as revealed by wave-form and wavelet analysis. J. Climate, 9, 1586-1598.
49. Wang, X. L., and C. F. Ropelewski, 1995: An assessment of ENSO-scale secular variability. J. Climate, 8, 1584-1599.
50. Webster, P. J., 1995: The annual cycle and the predictability of the tropical coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 56, 33-55.
51. _, and T. N. Palmer, 1997: The past and future of El Niño. Nature, 390, 562-564
52. _, V. Magaña, T. N. Palmer, J. Shukla, R. A. Tomas, M. Yanai, and T. Yasunari, 1998: Monsoons: Processes, predictability and the prospects for prediction. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 451-14 510.
53. Wright, P. B. 1989: Homogenized long-period Southern Oscillation indices. Int. J. Climatol., 9, 33-54.
54. Yasunari, T., 1990: Impact of Indian monsoon on the coupled atmosphere/ocean system in the tropical Pacific. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 44, 29-41.
55. _, and Y. Seki, 1992: Role of the Asian monsoon on the interannual variability of the global climate system. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 177-189.
56. Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, 1991: Natural climate variability in a coupled model. Greenhouse Gas-Induced Climatic Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations, M. E. Schlesinger, Ed., Elsevier, 457-469.
57. Zhang, Y., J. M. Wallace, and D. S. Battisti, 1997: ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93. J. Climate, 10, 1004-1020.