Beneath the rhetoric: Policy approximation and citizenship education in Northern Ireland

Education, Citizenship and Social Justice

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 135-157

  McEvoy, Lesley ^a  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Citizenship; Curriculum; Human rights; Policy implementation; Transitional societies

Indexed keywords

EID: 34250613918     PISSN: 17461979     EISSN: 17461987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1746197907077047     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Allport, G.W. (1954) The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
2. Andreopolous, G. J. & Claude, R. P., eds (1997) Human Rights Education for the Twenty-first Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press
3. Arlow, M. (2001) The challenges of social inclusion in Northern Ireland: citizenship and life skills. Online: http://www.ibe.unesco.org/Regional/ balticsea/Balticpdf/northernireland.pdf [accessed 1 June 2006].
4. Arlow, M. (2004) Citizenship education in a divided society: The case of Northern Ireland. In S. Tawil & A. Harley (eds) Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, pp. 255-313. Geneva: International Bureau of Education.
5. Barbalet, J.M. (1988) Citizenship. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
6. Barrett, S. & Hill, M. (1984) Policy bargaining and structure in implementation theory: Towards and integrated perspective. Policy and Politics, 12 (3), 219-40.
7. Baxi, U. (1994) Human rights education: The promise of the new millennium? Paper presented to the United Nations Member States and Non-Governmental Organisations in the occasion of launching the UN Decade for Human Rights Education, New York, 9 December.
8. Bourdieu, P. & Passeron, J.-C. (1977) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: SAGE.
9. Bowe, R. & Ball, S.J. (with Gold, A.) (1992) Reforming Education and Changing Schools: Case Studies in Policy Sociology. London: Routledge.
10. Boyle, K., Hadden, T. & Campbell, C. (1996) The Protection of Human Rights in the Context of Peace and Reconciliation in Ireland (Consultancy Studies Number Two). Dublin: Forum for Peace and Reconciliation.
11. Byrne, C. (2004) Benefit or burden: Victims reflections on TRC participation. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 10 (3), 237-56.
12. CCEA, Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (1999) Developing the Northern Ireland Curriculum to Meet the Needs of Young People in the 21st Century. Belfast: CCEA.
13. Ccea (2000) Northern Ireland Curriculum Review Phase 1 Consultation: Proposals for Changes to the Northern Ireland Curriculum Framework. Belfast: CCEA.
14. Ccea (2001) Northern Ireland Curriculum Review Report of the First Consultation. Belfast: CCEA.
15. Ccea (2002) Curriculum Review: A New Approach to Curriculum and Assessment 11-16. Belfast: CCEA.
16. Ccea (2003) Pathways: Proposals for Curriculum and Assessment at Key Stage Three. Belfast: CCEA.
17. Ccea (2004) Local and Global Citizenship: A KS3 Teaching Resource (Part 1) Belfast: CCEA.
18. Ccea (2005a) Local and Global Citizenship: A KS3 Teaching Resource (Part 2) Belfast: CCEA.
19. Ccea (2005b) Statements of entitlement for local and global citizenship. Online: http://www.rewardinglearning.com/development/ks3/implementation/ docs/june06/citizenship.pdf [accessed June 2006].
20. Cohen, S. (2001) States of Denial. Cambridge: Polity Press.
21. Connolly, P. (2000) What now for the contact hypothesis? Towards a new research agenda. Race Ethnicity and Education, 3 (2), 169-93.
22. Cuban, L. (1997) Reforming again, again, and again. Educational Researcher, 19 (1), 3-13.
23. Davies, L., (2000) Citizenship Education and Human Rights Education: Key Concepts and Debates. London: British Council.
24. Department of Education Northern Ireland (DENI) (1999) Towards a Culture of Tolerance: Education for Diversity. Bangor: DENI.
25. Dewey, J. (1953) Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. New York: Free Press.
26. Donnelly, C., McKeown, P. & Osborne, B. (2006) Devolution and Pluralism in Education in Northern Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
27. Dunn, S. & Smith, A. (1989) Interschool Links. Coleraine: Centre for the Study of the Conflict, University of Ulster.
28. Dunsire, A. (1978) Implementation in a Bureaucracy. Oxford: Martin Robertson.
29. Durkheim, E. (1956) Education and Society (Translation) Chicago, IL: Free Press of Glencoe.
30. Dwyer, C. (1999) Researching the implementation of educational policy: A backward mapping approach. Comparative Education, 35 (1), 45-61.
31. Education Reform Order (Northern Ireland) (1989) Belfast: HMSO.
32. Education and Training Inspectorate (ETI) (2006) Report on the Introduction of Local and Global Citizenship at Key Stage 3 in a Sample of Post-Primary Schools. Bangor: ETI.
33. Enslin, P. (2000) Citizenship, identity and myth: Educational implications of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Change: Transformations in Education, 3 (1), 80-90.
34. Faulks, K. (2006a) Education for citizenship in England's secondary schools: A critique of current principle and practice. Journal of Educational Policy, 21 (1), 59-74.
35. Faulks, K. (2006b) Rethinking citizenship education in England: Some lessons from contemporary social and political theory. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 1 (2), 123 - 40.
36. Freire, P. (1970) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum.
37. Gallagher, C. (2006) Curriculum matters: The process of education reform and the creation of a more pluralist curriculum under devolution. In C. Donnelly, P. McKeown & B. Osborne (eds) Devolution and Pluralism in Education in Northern Ireland, pp. 120-6. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
38. Gallagher, T. (2004) Education in Divided Societies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
39. Gallagher, T. (2005) Balancing difference and the common good: Lessons from a post-conflict society. Compare, 35 (4), 429-42.
40. Giddens, A. (1982) Profiles and Critiques in Social Theory. London: Macmillan. Giddens, A. (2006) Sociology, 5 th edn. Cambridge: Polity Press.
41. Gillborn, D. (2006) Citizenship education as placebo: Standards, institutional racism and education policy. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 1 (1), 83-104.
42. Greer, J. & McElhinney, E.P. (1984) The Project Religion in Ireland: An experiment in reconstruction. Lumen Vitae, 39 (3), 331-42.
43. Haralambos, M. & Holborn, M. (2004) Sociology Themes and Perspectives, 6th edn London: Collins Educational.
44. Hargreaves, A. (1994) Changing Teachers, Changing Times. Toronto: OISE Press.
45. Harland, J., Moore, H. et al. (2002) Is the Curriculum Working? The Key Stage Three Phase of the Northern Ireland Curriculum Cohort Study Belfast: CCEA.
46. Healing Through Remembering (2002) Report of the Healing Through Remembering Project. Belfast: Healing Through Remembering.
47. Hughes, J. & Donnelly, C. (2003) Community relations in Northern Ireland: Shifting attitudes? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 29 (4), 643 - 66.
48. Hughes, J. & Knox, C. (1997) For better or worse? Community relations initiatives in Northern Ireland. Peace and Change, 22 (3), 330-55.
49. Ignatieff, M. (1995) The myth of citizenship. In R. Beiner (ed.) Theorizing Citizenship, pp. 53-78. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
50. Ignatieff, M. (2000) The Rights Revolution. Toronto: House of Anansi Press Limited.
51. Ignatieff, M. (2001) Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
52. Kerr, D. (1999) Citizenship education in the curriculum: An international review. The School Field, X (3/ 4), 5-32.
53. Kerr, D. & Cleaver, E. (2004) Citizenship Education Longitudinal Study: Literature Review - Citizenship Education One Year on - What Does It Mean? Emerging Definitions and Approaches in the First Year of National Curriculum Citizenship in England. London: DfES.
54. Kerr, D., McCarthy, S. & Smith, A. (2002) Citizenship education in England, Ireland and Northern Ireland. European Journal of Education, 37 (2), 179-91.
55. Kriesberg, L. (2002) Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
56. Leighton, R. (2004) The nature of citizenship education provision: An initial study. Curriculum Journal, 15 (2), 167-81.
57. Lister, M. (2005) 'Marshall-ing' social and political citizenship: Towards a unified conception of citizenship. Government and Opposition, 40 (4), 471-91.
58. Lundy, P. & McGovern, M. (2005) Community, 'Truth-Telling' and Conflict Resolution: A Critical Analysis of the Role of Community-based Truth-telling Processes for Post-conflict Transition. Belfast: Community Relations Council.
59. Malone, J. (1973) Schools and community relations. The Northern Teacher Belfast: Irish National Teachers Organisation, 11 (1), 19-31.
60. Marshall, T.H. (1950) Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.
61. McEvoy, K. (2007 in press) Truth Recovery in Northern Ireland. Collompten: Willan.
62. McEvoy, L. & Lundy, L. (2006) 'In the small places': Human rights culture, education and conflict-affected societies. In G. Anthony, K. McEvoy & J. Morison (eds) Judges, Transition and Human Rights, pp. 495-514. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
63. McGarry, J. & O' Leary, B. (1995) Explaining Northern Ireland. Oxford: Blackwell.
64. McVeigh, R. (2002) Between reconciliation and pacification: The British state and community relations in the north of Ireland. Community Development Journal, 37, 47-59.
65. Meighan, R. & Siraj-Blatchford, I. (2004) A Sociology of Educating, 4 th edn. New York: Continuum.
66. Menter, I. & Walker, M. (2000) How would a well-educated young citizen react to the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry? An examination of the parameters of current models of citizenship education. Curriculum Journal, 11 (1), 101-16.
67. Moore, A. (2003) Citizenship education in the UK: For liberation or control? Paper presented at Knowledge & Discourse: Speculating on Disciplinary Futures 2nd Annual Conference, Hong Kong, June 2002.
68. Morris, P. & Scott, I. (2003) Educational reform and policy implementation in Hong Kong. Journal of Educational Policy, 18 (1), 71-84.
69. Murray, D. (1985) Worlds Apart: Segregated Schools in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Applegate Press.
70. Neins, U. & O'Connor, U. (2006) Local and Global Citizenship at Key Stage 3: Preliminary Evaluation Findings. Belfast: CCEA.
71. O'Connor, F. (2002) A Shared Childhood: The Story of Integrated Schools in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Blackstaff Press.
72. O'Connor, U., Hartop, B. & McCully, A. (2002) The Schools Community Relations Programme: A Review. Bangor: DENI.
73. O'Connor, U., Hartop, B. & McCully, A. (2003) A Research Study of Pupil Perceptions of the Schools Community Relations Programme. Bangor: DENI.
74. Ofsted (2005) Citizenship in secondary schools: Evidence from Ofsted inspections (2004/4). Online: http://www.ofsted.gov.uk [accessed 1 June 2006].
75. Osler, A. (2000) The Crick Report: Difference, equality and racial justice. Curriculum Journal, 11 (1), 25-37.
76. Ozga, J. (2000) Policy Research in Educational Settings: Contested Terrain. Buckingham: Open University Press.
77. Pettigrew (1997) Generalised intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 173-85.
78. Reilly, J. & Neins, U. (2005) Review of Human Rights Education and Training. Belfast: NIHRC.
79. Reilly, J., Neins, U. & McLaughlin, R. (2005) Education for a bill of a rights for Northern Ireland. In A. Osler (ed.) Teachers, Human Rights and Diversity, pp. 53-72. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham.
80. Ricoeur, P. (2004) Memory, History, Forgetting, trans. K. Blamey &D. Pellauer. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
81. Rolston, B. (1998) What's wrong with multiculturalism? Liberalism and the Irish Conflict. In D. Miller (ed.) Rethinking Northern Ireland, pp. 253-74. London: Longman.
82. Ruane, J. & Todd, J. (1996) The Dynamics of the Conflict in Northern Ireland: Peace, Conflict and Emancipation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
83. Sabatier, P. (1986) Top-down and bottom up approaches to implementation research: A critical analysis and suggested synthesis. Journal of Public Policy, 6 (1), 21-48.
84. Shipman (1985) Educational Research: Principles, Policy, and Practices. London: Routledge.
85. Skilbeck, M. (1976) Education and cultural change compass. Journal of the Irish Association for Curriculum Development, 5 (2), 3-23.
86. Smit, B. (2005) Teachers, local knowledge and policy implementation: A qualitative police-practice inquiry. Education and Urban Society, 37 (3), 292-306.
87. Smith, A. (2003) Citizenship education in Northern Ireland: Beyond national identity? Cambridge Journal of Education, 33 (1), 15-31.
88. Smith, A. & Dunn, S. (1990) Extending Interschool Links: An Evaluation of Contact between Protestant and Catholic Pupils in Northern Ireland. Coleraine: Centre for the Study of the Conflict, University of Ulster.
89. Smith, A. & Robinson, A. (1996) Education for Mutual Understanding: The Initial Statutory Years. Coleraine: Centre for the Study of the Conflict, University of Ulster.
90. Tawil, S. & Harley, A. (2004) Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion Geneva: International Bureau of Education.
91. Tibbitts, F. (2002) Understanding what we do: Emerging models of human rights education. International Review of Education, 48 (3/ 4), 159-71.
92. Tourney-Purta, J., Schwille, J. & Amadeo, J. (1999) Civic Education across Countries: Twenty-four National Case Studies from the IEA Civic Education Project. Amsterdam: IEA.
93. Turner, B. (1993a) Contemporary problems in the theory of citizenship. In B. Turner (ed.) Citizenship and Social Theory, pp. 1-18. London: SAGE.
94. Turner, B. (1993b) Outline of a theory of human rights. Sociology, 27, 489-512.
95. Tutu, D. (1999) No Future without Forgiveness. New York: Double Day.
96. United Nations (1989) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Geneva: UN.
97. United Nations (2005) Revised Draft Plan of Action for the First Phase (2005-2007) of the World Programme for Human Rights Education (A/59/525/ Rev. 1).
98. Watling, R. & Arlow, M. (2002) Wishful thinking: Lessons from the internal and external evaluations of an innovatory education project in Northern Ireland. Evaluation and Research in Education, 16 (3), 166-81.
99. Wylie, K. (2004) Citizenship, identity and social inclusion: Lessons from Northern Ireland. European Journal of Education, 39 (2), 237-48.